IGCSE PHYSICS GRADE 11 TERM 1 ASSESSMENT BOOKLET

Transcription

1 PHYSICS IGCSE PHYSICS GRADE 11 TERM 1 ASSESSMENT BOOKLET STS Page 1 of 44

2 PHYSICS PHYSI1101 ASSESSMENT TASK COVER PAGE Topic STS Performance Criteria Assessment event Date Time Thermal Physics 1.1 to to to to 4.6 Booklet for assessments Term1 Student Name Teacher Class Total Mark Grade 11 /20 I certify that the work presented is my own. Student signature: Date: Marked and feedback provided by: Signature: Date: Teacher comment: Student Comment: Feedback acknowledgement I acknowledge that I have received and understood feedback about this assessment. Student signature: STS Page 2 of 44

3 1. A student places his thumb firmly on the outlet of a bicycle pump, to stop the air coming out. 2. A balloon is inflated in a cold room. When the room becomes much warmer, the balloon becomes larger. 3. An engineer wants to fix a steel washer on to a steel rod. The rod is just too big to fit into the hole of the washer. STS Page 3 of 44

4 4. A substance is heated at a steady rate. It changes from a solid to a liquid, and then to a gas. 5. An experiment is set up to find out which metal is the best conductor of heat. Balls are stuck with wax to rods made from different metals, as shown in diagram X. STS Page 4 of 44

5 6. Thermometer X is held above an ice cube and thermometer Y is held the same distance below the ice cube. After several minutes, the reading on one thermometer changes. The ice cube does not melt. 7. Viewed through a microscope, very small particles can be seen moving with Brownian motion. Which line in the table is correct? 8. To mark a temperature scale on a thermometer, fixed points are needed. STS Page 5 of 44

6 9. A measured mass of gas is placed in a cylinder at atmospheric pressure and is then slowly compressed. 10. The graph shows the change in temperature of a material as it is heated. 11. Driving a car raises the temperature of the tyres. STS Page 6 of 44

7 12. An experiment is set up as shown. 13. An iron bar is held with one end in a fire. The other end soon becomes too hot to hold. STS Page 7 of 44

8 14. The diagram shows a block of ice placed in a warm room. 15. Four blocks, made of different materials, are each given the same quantity of internal (heat) energy. 16. A long thin bar of copper is heated evenly along its length. STS Page 8 of 44

9 17. A beaker contains water at room temperature. 18. Two plastic cups are placed one inside the other. Hot water is poured into the inner cup and a lid is put on top as shown. STS Page 9 of 44

10 19. A cylinder is filled with a gas and then sealed, so that the gas has a fixed volume. 20. Diagram 1 shows apparatus being used to observe smoke particles. STS Page 10 of 44

11 21. The graph shows how the temperature of hot liquid wax changes with time as the wax is allowed to cool kg of water and 1 kg of aluminium are heated to the same temperature and then allowed to cool in a room. 23. Bread can be cooked by placing it below, but not touching, a heating element. STS Page 11 of 44

12 24. The diagram shows a refrigerator. The cooling unit is placed at the top. The cooling unit cools the air near it. 25. Which line in the table describes the properties of solids and of liquids at a fixed temperature? 26. Air is pumped slowly into a car tyre to increase the pressure. The temperature of the air does not change. STS Page 12 of 44

13 27. The thermometer in the diagram has no scale. 28. A sample of a solid is heated for 12 minutes and its temperature noted every minute. STS Page 13 of 44

14 29. A heater is placed in a room. 30. The diagrams show four identical pieces of ice that are heated in test-tubes of water. STS Page 14 of 44

15 31. Which line in the table correctly describes whether the molecules of a solid, liquid and gas are moving or stationary? 32. Driving a car raises the temperature of the tyres. 33. The diagram shows how the atoms in a substance rearrange themselves during a change of state. STS Page 15 of 44

16 34. Equal masses of two different liquids are put into identical beakers. They are heated from 20 C to 30 C by heaters of the same power. Liquid 2 takes twice as long to heat as liquid There is a vacuum between the double walls of a vacuum flask. 36. Some water molecules escape from the surface of a lake. STS Page 16 of 44

17 37. The diagrams show four identical pieces of ice that are heated in test-tubes of water. 38. To mark the lower fixed point of a Celsius scale on a thermometer, the thermometer should be placed in STS Page 17 of 44

18 39. The diagram represents gas molecules contained in a cylinder. The piston is moved slowly downwards and the temperature of the gas stays the same. 40. A glass flask full of cool water is placed in a container of hot water. STS Page 18 of 44

19 41. A beaker of water is heated at its base. 42. A drop of liquid falls on a student s skin and quickly evaporates. 43. A suspension of pollen grains in water is observed under a microscope. The pollen grains are seen to be moving all the time. 44. A knife is being sharpened on a rotating sharpening-stone. A spark flies off and lands on the operator s hand. The spark is a very hot, very small piece of metal. The operator feels nothing. STS Page 19 of 44

20 45. Which substance is a liquid at a room temperature of 25 0 C? 46. The diagram shows a cooling unit in a refrigerator. 47. How does heat from the Sun reach the Earth? STS Page 20 of 44

21 48. A gas cylinder is left outside on a sunny day. 49. Water spilled on the ground on a hot day evaporates. 50. A block of ice is heated until it has all melted. The water that is produced is then heated until it boils. STS Page 21 of 44

22 51. A thermometer with no scale is taped to a ruler as shown. When placed in steam, the mercury level rises to 22 cm. When placed in pure melting ice, the mercury level falls to 2 cm. 52. Which line in the table is correct about conduction and convection? STS Page 22 of 44

23 53. A heating element is positioned in a narrow sealed tube of liquid. 54. The gas in a container is heated but is kept at constant volume. 55. The table lists the melting points and the boiling points of four different substances A, B, C and D. 56. The diagram shows four blocks of steel. The same quantity of heat is given to each block. STS Page 23 of 44

24 57. A wooden wheel can be strengthened by putting a tight circle of iron around it. 58. Which statement refers to convection? 59. Spoons made of different materials were placed in four cups of coffee poured from the same jug. STS Page 24 of 44

25 Theory questions 1. (a) Which of the following statements describe the property of a substance that would be suitable for measuring temperature? Tick the box alongside any acceptable statement. (b) Fig. 2.1 shows how the length of the thread in a liquid-in-glass thermometer varies with temperature. (i) What temperature is indicated by a thread length of 14.5 cm? temperature =... C (ii) What happens to the thread of the thermometer if the temperature drops below the ice point?... [2] STS Page 25 of 44

26 2. (a) State what is meant by the melting point of a solid. The melting point is......[2] (b) Which two of the following quantities are the same? Tick two boxes. (c) Some liquid in a beaker is kept boiling by heating the beaker, as shown in Fig (i) On the axes of Fig. 6.2, sketch a graph to show what happens to the temperature of the liquid whilst it is boiling. (ii) On your graph, mark the boiling point of the liquid. [2] STS Page 26 of 44

27 3. A thermocouple is used to measure the temperature of the inner wall of a pottery kiln. (a) In the space below, draw a labelled diagram of a thermocouple that could be used for this purpose. [2] (b) Describe (i) how you would read the temperature of the wall from the thermocouple, (ii) how the thermocouple works [2] (c) State two conditions in which a thermocouple is very suitable for temperature measurement [2] STS Page 27 of 44

28 4. (a) State two changes that usually happen to the molecules of a solid when the solid is heated [2] (b) Most substances expand when they are heated. (i) State one example where such expansion is useful.... [1] (ii) State one example where such expansion is a nuisance, and has to be allowed for.... [1] 5. (a) The table below describes the conditions of the molecules of a substance in each of the three states of matter, solid, liquid and gas. In the right-hand column, write the state of the substance that is described in the lefthand column. (b) (i) What is the state of matter just before a substance boils?... [1] (ii) Describe what happens to the molecules during boiling [2] STS Page 28 of 44

29 (iii) State two differences between boiling and evaporating [2] (c) (i) What is the state of matter just before a substance melts?... [1] (ii) Aluminium melts at 660 C. At what temperature does it freeze?... [1] 6. (a) Fig. 4.1 shows a cylinder containing air at a pressure of Pa. The length of the air column in the cylinder is 80 mm. The piston is pushed in until the pressure in the cylinder rises to Pa. Calculate the new length of the air column in the cylinder, assuming that the temperature of the air has not changed. (b) Fig. 4.2 shows the same cylinder containing air. new length =... [3] STS Page 29 of 44

30 The volume of the air in the cylinder changes as the temperature of the air changes. (i) The apparatus is to be used as a thermometer. Describe how two fixed points, 0 C and 100 C, and a temperature scale could be marked on the apparatus (ii) Describe how this apparatus could be used to indicate the temperature of a large beaker of water [5] 7. The air trapped in a cylinder by a piston is kept under pressure by a load, as shown in Fig STS Page 30 of 44

31 (a) Describe how the pressure in the cylinder is caused by the air molecules [3] (b) The load is increased. (i) State what happens to the piston.... (ii) State what happens to the pressure in the cylinder, and give a reason. what happens reason [3] 8. An immersion heater is put into some crushed ice at 0 C. The immersion heater is switched on. STS Page 31 of 44

32 (a) On Fig. 5.2, sketch the graph of temperature against time, up to the time when all the ice has melted. [3] (b) The heater is left switched on after all the ice has melted, and the temperature rises. After some time, the temperature stops rising, even though the heater is still on. (i) Suggest why the temperature stops rising, even though the heater is still on (ii) State what happens to the energy received by the water whilst this is happening [2] 9. (a) When a certain amount of heat is supplied to 1 kg of insulated aluminium, the temperature of the aluminium rises by 1 C. STS Page 32 of 44

33 In what form does the aluminium store the energy that has been supplied?...[1] (b) The same amount of heat is supplied to 1 kg of insulated copper, as shown in Fig The temperature rise of the 1 kg copper block is greater than the temperature rise of the 1 kg aluminium block in (a). Explain, in terms of thermal capacity, why this is so [2] 10. (a) Two identical open boxes originally contain the same volume of water. One is kept at 15 C and the other at 85 C for the same length of time. STS Page 33 of 44

34 Fig. 4.1 shows the final water levels. With reference to the energies of the water molecules, explain why the levels are different [3] (b) In an experiment to find the specific latent heat of vaporisation of water, it took J of energy to evaporate 15 g of water that was originally at 100 C. A second experiment showed that 600 J of energy was lost to the atmosphere from the apparatus during the time it took to evaporate 15 g of water. Calculate the specific latent heat of vaporisation of water that would be obtained from this experiment. specific latent heat = [3] 11. In a heating experiment, a student takes the temperature of a beaker B containing water at room temperature. Fig. 5.1 shows the thermometer used. STS Page 34 of 44

35 (a) State the temperature reading shown on the thermometer. temperature reading =... [1] (b) The student then transfers a small metal cylinder from beaker A of boiling water to the beaker B of water at room temperature, as shown in Fig The student assumes that the metal is at a temperature of 100 C when it enters the water in beaker B. The temperature of the water in beaker B rises to 36 C. (i) Calculate the temperature rise of the water in beaker B. (ii) Calculate the temperature fall of the metal cylinder. temperature rise =... temperature fall =... [3] (c) The student uses these readings and some other information to calculate the specific heat capacity of the metal. Why is it important to transfer the metal between the beakers as quickly as possible? [1] STS Page 35 of 44

36 12. Fig. 4.1 shows apparatus that a student uses to make an estimate of the specific heat capacity of iron. (a) The power of the heater is known. State the four readings the student must take to find the specific heat capacity of iron [3] (b) Write down an equation, in words or in symbols, that could be used to work out the specific heat capacity of iron from the readings in (a). [2] (c) (i) Explain why the value obtained with this apparatus is higher than the actual value [1] (ii) State one addition to the apparatus that would help to improve the accuracy of the value obtained [1] STS Page 36 of 44

37 13 Fig. 4.1 shows a student s attempt to estimate the specific latent heat of fusion of ice by adding ice at 0 C to water at 20 C. The water is stirred continuously as ice is slowly added until the temperature of the water is 0 C and all the added ice has melted. (a) Three mass readings are taken. A description of the first reading is given. Write down descriptions of the other two. reading 1 the mass of the beaker + stirrer + thermometer reading 2... reading 3... [2] (b) Write down word equations which the student could use to find (i) the heat lost by the water as it cools from 20 C to 0 C,... [1] (ii) the heat gained by the melting ice.... [1] (c) The student calculates that the water loses J and that the mass of ice melted is 30 g. Calculate a value for the specific latent heat of fusion of ice. STS Page 37 of 44

38 specific latent heat of fusion =... [2] (d) Suggest two reasons why this value is only an approximate value. Reason Reason [2] 14. (a) On a hot day, a child drinks all the water in a plastic bottle. She then screws the cap back tightly on the bottle, so that the bottle contains only air. She throws the bottle into a waste basket, where the Sun shines on it. After a while in the Sun s rays, the air in the bottle is much hotter than before. (i) State what has happened to the pressure of the air in the bottle.... (ii) In terms of the behaviour of the air molecules, explain your answer to (a)(i) [5] STS Page 38 of 44

39 (b) Also in the waste basket is a broken glass bottle containing a small quantity of water, as shown in Fig As the Sun shines on it, the volume of water slowly decreases. (i) State the name of the process causing this decrease.... (ii) In terms of the effect of the Sun s rays on the water molecules, explain your answer to (b)(i) [4] 15. The IGCSE class is investigating the change in temperature of hot water as cold water is added to it. The students are provided with 100 cm3 of hot water and a supply of cold water at room temperature. (a) The thermometer in Fig. 1.1 shows the temperature of the cold water. Record the temperature of the cold water, as shown in Fig [1] (b) A student records the temperature of the hot water. He then pours 20 cm3 of the cold water into the beaker containing the hot water. He records the temperature of the mixture of hot and cold water and the volume V of cold water added. He then repeats 3 the process four times until he has added a total of 100 cm of cold water. The table shows the readings. STS Page 39 of 44

40 (i) Complete the column headings in the table. [1] (ii) Use the data in the table to plot a graph of temperature _ (y-axis) against volume V (x-axis). STS Page 40 of 44

41 (c) A sketch graph of the readings taken by another student carrying out a similar experiment is shown in Fig The theoretical line shows the results expected by the student after calculating the values of. The student assumed that all the heat lost by the hot water was gained by the cold water when the cold water was poured into the beaker. The other line shows the experimental results. The student carried out the experiment with care. Suggest a practical reason why the experimental line differs from the theoretical line.... STS Page 41 of 44

42 ... [1] 16. Fig. 3.1 is an attempt to show the molecules in water and the water vapour molecules over the water surface. (a) Explain, in terms of the energies of the molecules, why only a few water molecules have escaped from the water surface [2] (b) State two ways of increasing the number of water molecules escaping from the surface [2] (c) Energy is required to evaporate water. Explain, in molecular terms, why this energy is needed STS Page 42 of 44

43 ... [2] 17. Fig. 5.1 shows a shallow dish containing a liquid that evaporates easily. The bulb of a thermometer is held in the liquid. A jet of air is blown over the surface of the liquid, so that the liquid evaporates rapidly. (a) State what happens to the reading shown on the thermometer....[1] (b) Explain your answer to (a) in terms of the behaviour of the molecules of the liquid [2] (c) State one example in everyday life where the effect demonstrated by this experiment occurs....[1] 18. Two identical open boxes originally contain the same volume of water. One is kept at 15 C and the other at 85 C for the same length of time. Fig. 4.1 shows the final water levels. STS Page 43 of 44

44 With reference to the energies of the water molecules, explain why the levels are different [3] Observations of a distant thunderstorm are made. STS Page 44 of 44