Performance of solid desiccant-based evaporative cooling system under the climatic zones of India
|
|
- Gabriella Leonard
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 *Corresponding author: rediffmail.com Performance of solid desiccant-based evaporative cooling system under the climatic zones of India... H. Parmar 1 * and D.A. Hindoliya 2 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ujjain Engineering College, Ujjain, India; 2 Rajeev Gandhi Technological University, Bhopal, India... Abstract For better use of evaporative cooling techniques in humid climate, a desiccant cooling system (DCS) can be an alternative option in place of a conventional cooling system. This paper presents a theoretical comparative study of the performance of a DCS for four different climatic conditions of India (i.e. hot and dry, warm and humid, moderate and composite climates). From the analysis, it was found that the performance of a DCS is suitable in warm and humid climate. The thermodynamic equations of intermediate states of the desiccant cooling cycle are also presented. Effects of some parameters such as outdoor specific humidity, R/P ratio (regeneration air flow/process air flow) and power required to regenerate the desiccant wheel have been studied. The theoretical minimum R/P ratio has been computed for the maximum coefficient of performance (COP) of a DCS and its value was found to be 0.55 in Mumbai (warm and humid climate) for the 80% effectiveness of ECW. This paper also presents the relationship between COP and regeneration power with the different values of R/P ratios. Keywords: desiccant cooling; evaporative cooling; climatic zones; COP; desiccant wheel Received 11 July 2011; revised 12 September 2011; accepted 29 December INTRODUCTION Desiccant cooling systems (DCSs) are used to dehumidify and cool the air for space cooling in buildings. A desiccant material is a powerful weapon against moisture and humidity. Moisture present in air is a serious threat to product integrity in a variety of industries. The property of the desiccant material is to absorb moisture from air by creating an area of low vapour pressure at the surface of the desiccant. For absorbing the moisture from air, a rotary wheel is used, i.e. desiccant wheel. A desiccant wheel has holes in a honeycomb structure for passing humid air. The honeycomb structure is preferred due to low pressure drop of air in the wheel. Some common adsorbent materials used are LiCl, SiO 2 (silica gel), Al 2 O 3 (activated alumina), LiBr and Zeolite. White et al. [1] compared the performance of a new desiccant wheel composed of zeolite and super adsorbent polymer, with the conventional silica gel desiccant wheel and it was found that the super adsorbent polymer desiccant wheel achieved higher dehumidification with low regeneration temperature. A new kind of composite desiccant material was fabricated by Jia et al. [2], and it was found that the newly developed composite desiccant wheel removes 50% more moisture than the conventional wheel. A desiccant wheel rotates at a very low rpm in comparison with the energy conservation wheel (60 times more slowly than ECW). Fifty per cent of the area of the wheel is utilized by process air and the remaining 50% by regenerative air. India is a country whose climatic conditions differ with latitude locations ranging from moderate to very harsh conditions. On the basis of this, monthly mean data recorded in 233 stations located in the various part of India were divided into six climatic zones by Bansal and Minke [3]. These climatic zones are hot and dry, warm and humid, moderate, cold and cloudy, cold and sunny, and composite. This paper evaluates the effect of ambient conditions on the performance of desiccantaugmented evaporative cooling in different selected cities of four different climatic zones of India. The regions with cold and cloudy and cold and sunny climates have been known as cold regions and there is no requirement of cooling. Subramanyam et al. [4] applied a desiccant wheel for low humidity air conditioning and also explained how the different parameters affect the performance like air flow rate, compressor pumping capacity, speed of the wheel etc. and found an optimum wheel speed of 17.5 rpm for high moisture removal and a maximum COP. Dhar et al. [5] proposed various solid desiccant cycles for hot and humid climate and found that International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies 2013, 8, # The Author Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please journals.permissions@oup.com doi: /ijlct/ctr051 Advance Access Publication 29 February
2 Performance of solid desiccant-based evaporative cooling system under the climatic zones of India among ventilation, recirculation and the Dunkle cycle, the Dunkle cycle is better for a wide range of outdoor conditions. Ruivo et al. [6] investigated a new pair of independent effectiveness parameters of the desiccant wheel, derived the correlations for their estimation and performed an easy and quick predicting effectiveness method of the desiccant wheel. Numerical simulation was conducted for the desiccant wheel by Ge et al. [7] and two key operating parameters of the desiccant wheel have been examined for the range of regeneration temperatures from 60 to 1508C. Optimization of these two parameters was conducted based on the wheel s performance evaluated by means of its moisture removal capacity (MRC). 2 DESCRIPTION OF DCS A solid DCS consists of a desiccant wheel, ECW and direct evaporative coolers (DECs). Return air from conditioned space Figure 1. Desiccant cooling system. is mixed with the outdoor air to decrease the temperature of process air. A desiccant wheel absorbs moisture from air due to pressure difference between partial pressure of moisture in the air and desiccant materials. Temperature of air is increased after dehumidification. The dry and high temperature air is sensibly cooled by a heat exchanger. Sensibly cooled air is cooled by a DEC and is supplied in the room. Regeneration of the desiccant material can be made by supplying hot air from any waste heat source or solar energy. A desiccant-augmented evaporative cooling system employing ventilation and recirculation cycle is shown in Figure 1, the moisture (latent load) present in the process air is removed by a desiccant wheel A, which has a honeycomb structure for passing humid air. The desiccant material is impregnated on the inner surface of the honeycomb structure. When humid air is passed through the desiccant wheel, it absorbs moisture and increases the temperature of the air leaving from the desiccant wheel. Then the temperature of the dried process air is reduced by a sensible cooler B (e.g. heat exchanger/ecw/enthalpy wheel). This sensibly cooled air passed through a DEC D to obtain the desired thermal comfort condition. The desiccant wheel is regenerated by the application of heat to release the moisture, which is discharged to the outdoors. The heat for regeneration can be supplied from any source such as solar energy, waste heat, natural gas and off-peak electricity. Waste heat from a microgenerator was used for regeneration of the desiccant wheel by Angrisani et al. [8]. The schematic arrangements of a DCS are shown in Figure 1 and the corresponding processes are represented in Figure 2. Figure 2. Thermodynamic processes of the DCS on the psychrometric chart. International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies 2013, 8,
3 H. Parmar and D.A. Hindoliya 3 METHODOLOGY For theoretical analysis of the desiccant cooling cycle, the following assumptions have been made. (1) The reactivation temperature of the silica gel desiccant wheel is in the range of C. (2) The effectiveness of DEC is assumed to be 85% (most of the coolers are having effectiveness in the range of 85 95%). (3) The effectiveness of the ECW is assumed to be 80% (most of the ECWs are having effectiveness in the range of 6 80%). (4) Fifty per cent return air is mixed with process air and the remaining fifty per cent return air is mixed with regeneration air for utilizing low-temperature air from the conditioned space. (5) The ratio of regeneration air flow to process air flow (R/P) is assumed to be between 0.55 and 1. Weather data have been obtained from the weather data and design condition for India [9]. The following mathematical equations [10] have been used for computing temperatures at different intermediate points in the desiccant cycle. Temperature, after mixing of return air and outdoor air, is computed as follows T 1 ¼ x T 0 þð1 xþt R1 ð1þ where T 1 9 is the intermediate temperature, x the per cent of outdoor air to process (dimensionless) and T R1 the temperature of return air from the conditioned space. Leaving temperature (T 2 ) and moisture conditions from the desiccant wheel can be estimated by the selection of curve of 858C regeneration temperature in a typical performance curve of a silica gel desiccant wheel shown in Figures 3 and 4. T 3 ¼ T 2 1 cw ðt 2 T 6 Þ where e cw is the effectiveness of ECW (dimensionless). T 4 ¼ T 3 1 DEC ðt 3 T 3w Þ T 6 ¼ T 5 1 DEC ðt 5 T 5w Þ T 7 ¼ ðt 2 T 3 Þ þ T 6 R=P T 8 ¼ 808C for reactivation of the silica gel desiccant wheel. Heat input to the generator to regenerate the desiccant wheel is given by Q R ¼ðT 3 T 7 Þm p c p T 3 ¼ T 8 T 2 T 1 R=P ð2þ ð3þ ð4þ ð5þ ð6þ ð7þ Figure 3. Variation between the inlet and outlet moisture of a desiccant wheel. Figure 4. Variation between the inlet moistures and outlet temperatures of a desiccant wheel. The COP of the system is defined as follows: COP ¼ Cooling effect Regenerattion heat 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION For the analysis, four cities have been selected from the Indian climatic zone (i.e. Jodhpur, Mumbai, Bangalore and New Delhi). For standard (assumed) room conditions, supply temperatures and specific humidity have been computed and presented in Table International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies 2013, 8, 52 57
4 Performance of solid desiccant-based evaporative cooling system under the climatic zones of India Table 1. Supply temperature of a DCS in different climatic zones of India. No. Name of cities and climates Outdoor air DBT WBT Specific humidity (g/kg of dry air) Room supply air DBT WBT Specific humidity (g/kg of dry air) 1 Jodhpur (hot and dry) 2 Mumbai (warm and humid) 3 Bangalore (moderate) 4 New Delhi (composite) Table 2. COP and regeneration heat (Qr) for different R/P ratios. R/P ratio Jodhpur Mumbai Bangalore New Delhi COP Qr COP Qr COP Qr COP Qr With the help of the desiccant wheel, the maximum percentage (i.e %) of specific humidity has been decreased in Mumbai and is minimum in Bangalore (i.e. 4.7%). From the supply condition, it was observed that a DCS is more suitable in the warm and humid climate of India. The COP and the heat (Qr) required to regenerate the desiccant wheel at different R/P ratios have been computed and a comparison is presented in Table 2. The performance of the DCS at different R/P ratios has been evaluated for different places and it was observed that the COP of the system at 0.55 R/P ratios is highest in Mumbai, i.e for 80% effectiveness of the ECW. The COP is highly sensitive with regard to the R/P ratio and it decreases with an increase in the R/P ratio. The variation of the COP with the R/P ratio is presented in Figure 5. Further increases in the COP could also be achieved by employing staged regeneration, as suggested by Waugman et al. [11]. The theoretical minimum R/P ratio has been computed for better performance of the desiccant wheel. The optimum value of the R/P ratio is influenced by the effectiveness of the ECW. At 0.55 R/P ratios, the COP of the DCS has been obtained maximum in Mumbai for 80% effectiveness of the ECW. In Jodhpur, the DCS is not suitable because the percentage of Figure 5. Variation of the COP with the R/P ratio. Figure 6. Variations of the COP and regeneration power with the specific humidity. reduction in humidity is much lower. The COP of the system is also highly influenced by the outdoor absolute humidity; it increases with an increase in the outdoor specific humidity and the power required for regeneration of the desiccant wheel decreases with an increase in the specific humidity. The specific humidity in Mumbai is more in comparison with the other selected cities; then the performance of the DCS was found to be better with a high COP and less regeneration power. The International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies 2013, 8,
5 H. Parmar and D.A. Hindoliya Regeneration power is also influenced by the R/P ratio and it increases with an increase in the R/P ratio. Figure 8 shows the variation of power required to regenerate the desiccant wheel for different climatic conditions of India. From the analysis, it was found that with an increase in the R/P ratio, the regeneration power also increased. Figure 7. Variations of regeneration heat with specific humidity. Figure 8. Variation of regeneration power with the R/P ratio. variations of the COP and regeneration heat with the specific humidity are presented in Figures 6 and 7. In Bangalore (moderate climate), the COP of the system has been found low with high regeneration power. 5 CONCLUSION The performance of the DCS has been analysed for climatic conditions prevailing in India. Some parameters such as regeneration heat, COP, R/P relationship (Regeneration air flow/ process air flow) and intermediate temperatures in the desiccant cooling cycle have been considered for this study. For the analysis, four Indian cities from different climatic zones have been selected. The computed supply air condition shows that the system is able to provide human thermal comfort in the warm and humid climate of India. It was found that the R/P ratio and the outdoor specific humidity are more influential parameters on the performance of the DCS. The performance of the system at 0.55 R/P ratios has been found to have the maximum COP (4.98) in Mumbai (warm and humid climate) with less regeneration power (0.4 kw) for 80% effectiveness of the ECW. In Mumbai, the percentage reduction in specific humidity was found to be 21.39%. In general, it was observed that with an increasing R/P ratio, the COP of a DCS decreases and the regeneration heat requirement increases. Hence, it is required to operate the system with an optimum value of the R/P ratio which can be obtained by the parametric analysis in the zone of operation. REFERENCES [1] White SD, Goldsworthy M, Reece R, Spillmann T, Gorur A, Lee DY. Characterization of desiccant wheels with alternative materials at low regeneration temperatures. Int J Refriger 2011;34: [2] Jia CX, Dai YJ, Wu JY, et al. Experimental comparison of two honeycombed desiccant wheels fabricated with silica gel and composite desiccant material. Energy Convers Manage 2006;47: [3] Bansal NK, Minke G. Passive Air Conditioning. Kernforsch- ungsanlage Julich GmbH Zentralbibiliothek, 1988; Julich, 19, 104. [4] Subramanyam N, Maiya MP, Murthy SS. Application of desiccant wheel to control humidity in air conditioning system. ApplThermal Eng 2004;24: [5] Dhar PL, Kaushik SC, Jain S. Thermodynamic analysis of desiccant-augmented evaporative cooling cycles for Indian conditions. ASHRAE Trans 1995;101: [6] Ruivo CR, Costa JJ, Figueiredo AR, Kodama A. Effectiveness parameters for the prediction of the global performance of desiccant wheels an assessment based on experimental data. Renew Energy 2012;38: [7] Ge TS, Li Y, Wang RZ, et al. A review of the mathematical models for predicting rotary desiccant wheel. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 2008;12: International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies 2013, 8, 52 57
6 Performance of solid desiccant-based evaporative cooling system under the climatic zones of India [8] Angrisani G, Capozzoli A, Minichiello F, et al. Desiccant wheel regenerated by thermal energy from a microcogenerator: experimental assessment of the performances. Appl Energy 2011;88: [9] Weather data and design condition for India. Indian Society of Heating Refrigeration and air Conditioning Engineers and American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (Indian Chapter), 1996;17 8. [10] Camargo JR, Godoy E, Ebinuma CD. An evaporative and desiccant cooling system for air conditioning in humid climates. J Brazil Soc Mech Sci Eng 1995;27:1 16. [11] Waugman DG, Kini A, Kettleborough CF. A review of desiccant cooling system. Trans ASME J Energy Resour Technol 1993;115: 1 8. International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies 2013, 8,
PERFORMANCE OF SOLID DESICCANT COOLING WITH SOLAR ENERGY IN HOT AND HUMID CLIMATE
Journal of Sustainability Science and Management Volume 9 Number 1, June 2014: 150-155 ISSN: 1823-8556 Penerbit UMT PERFORMANCE OF SOLID DESICCANT COOLING WITH SOLAR ENERGY IN HOT AND HUMID CLIMATE ARFIDIAN
More informationComparison Simulation between Ventilation and Recirculation of Solar Desiccant Cooling System by TRNSYS in Hot and Humid Area
Comparison Simulation between Ventilation and Recirculation of Solar Desiccant Cooling System by TRNSYS in Hot and Humid Area MMS DEZFOULI, SOHIF MAT, K.SOPIAN Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI, Universiti
More informationImpact of Multi-Stage Liquid Desiccant Dehumidification in a Desiccant and Evaporative Cooling-Assisted Air Conditioning System
4 th International Conference On Building Energy Environment Impact of Multi-Stage Liquid Desiccant Dehumidification in a Desiccant and Evaporative Cooling-Assisted Air Conditioning System J Y Park H W
More informationANALYSIS OF DESICCANT COOLING SYSTEM
Int. J. Mech. Eng. & Rob. Res. 2012 Gaurav Pundir and S N Mishra, 2012 Research Paper ISSN 2278 0149 www.ijmerr.com Vol. 1, No. 3, October 2012 2012 IJMERR. All Rights Reserved ANALYSIS OF DESICCANT COOLING
More informationFeasibility study on an energy-saving desiccant wheel system with CO 2 heat pump
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science PAPER OPEN ACCESS Feasibility study on an energy-saving desiccant wheel system with CO 2 heat pump To cite this article: Yefeng Liu et al 2018 IOP
More informationRecent Advances in Energy, Environment and Economic Development
Experimental Investigation of Solar Hybrid Desiccant Cooling System in Hot and Humid Weather of Malaysia MM SALEHI DEZFOULI, Z HASHIM, MH RUSLAN, B BAKHTYAR, K SOPIAN, A ZAHARIM, S MAT, A RACHMAN, Solar
More informationFeasibility of a Liquid Desiccant Application in an Evaporative. Cooling Assisted 100% Outdoor Air System
Feasibility of a Liquid Desiccant Application in an Evaporative Cooling Assisted 100% Outdoor Air System M.H.Kim 1, S.K.Han 1, S.Y. Cho 2, and J.W.Jeong 1* 1 Department of Architectural Engineering, Hanyang
More informationImpact of indirect evaporative air cooler type on the performance of desiccant systems
Impact of indirect evaporative air cooler type on the performance of desiccant systems Anna Pacak 1,*, Aleksandra Cichoń 1, Demis Pandelidis 1, and Sergey Anisimov 1 1 Wrocław University of Science and
More informationK.F. Fong *, C.K. Lee, T.T. Chow
Investigation on radiative load ratio of chilled beams on performances of solar hybrid adsorption refrigeration system for radiant cooling in subtropical city K.F. Fong *, C.K. Lee, T.T. Chow Building
More informationDesign Procedure for a Liquid Dessicant and Evaporative Cooling Assisted 100% Outdoor Air System
Design Procedure for a Liquid Dessicant and Evaporative Cooling Assisted 100% Outdoor Air System M.H.Kim 1, J.Y.Park 1, E.J.Lee 2, and J.W.Jeong 1* 1 Department of Architectural Engineering, Hanyang University,
More informationEnhancement of the Separate Sensible and Latent Cooling Air-Conditioning Systems
Purdue University Purdue e-pubs International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference School of Mechanical Engineering 2010 Enhancement of the Separate Sensible and Latent Cooling Air-Conditioning
More informationPreliminary Findings on the Performance of a New Residential Solar Desiccant Air-Conditioner
Preliminary Findings on the Performance of a New Residential Solar Desiccant Air-Conditioner Daniel Rowe 1, Stephen White 1, Mark Goldsworthy 1, Thorsten Spillmann 1, Roger Reece 1, Darren Rossington 1,
More informationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENGINEERING RESEARCH, DINDIGUL Volume 1, No 4, 2011
Performance evaluation of two stage indirect/direct evaporative cooler with alternative shapes and cooling media in direct stage Kulkarni.R.K 1, Rajput S.P.S 2 1 SVPM College of Engineering, Malegaon(bk),
More informationAvailable online at Energy Procedia 6 (2011) MEDGREEN 2011-LB
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Energy Procedia 6 (2011) 759 768 MEDGREEN 2011-LB Comparison of two methods of improving dehumidification in air conditioning systems: hybrid system (refrigeration
More informationAvailable online at ScienceDirect. Energy Procedia 70 (2015 ) Yanjun Dai*, Xian Li, Ruzhu Wang
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Energy Procedia 7 (215 ) 418 426 International Conference on Solar Heating and Cooling for Buildings and Industry, SHC 214 Theoretical analysis and
More informationDynamic performance of a novel dew point air conditioning for the UK buildings
*Corresponding author: xudongzhao@nottingham. ac.uk Dynamic performance of a novel dew point air conditioning for the UK buildings... Xudong Zhao *, Zhiyin Duan, Changhong Zhan and Saffa B. Riffat School
More informationAvailable online at ScienceDirect. Procedia Engineering 121 (2015 )
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 121 (2015 ) 1222 1229 9th International Symposium on Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (ISHVAC) and the 3rd International
More informationCOMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE AND DOUBLE EFFECT LiBr-WATER ABSORPTION SYSTEM
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE AND DOUBLE EFFECT LiBr-WATER ABSORPTION SYSTEM Suhail Ahmad Khan Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh (India) ABSTRACT Energy analysis
More informationCharacterization of Desiccant Wheels with Alternative Materials at Low. Regeneration Temperatures
NOTICE: this is the author s version of a work that was accepted for publication in International Journal of Refrigeration. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing,
More informationseasons in regions with hot, humid climates. For this reason, a dehumidification system with a radiant panel system needs to be developed. In a former
A study on reducing the energy demand of a liquid desiccant dehumidifier with a radiant panel system Tae Ha Leigh, 1 Dae Uk Shin, 1 Goo Sang Joe, 1 Min Gi Kim, 1 Myoung Souk Yeo, 2 and Kwang Woo Kim 2,*
More informationDesign, fabrication and testing of Evaporative Desiccant Cooling system
Design, fabrication and testing of Evaporative Desiccant Cooling system GTU Group No. : 8948 Patel Bhavin S. (110780119013) Soni Kishan Y. (090780119035) Patel Rashmin M. (110780119008) Nayak Sahil S.
More informationINDOOR HUMAN THERMAL COMFORT OPTIMAL CONTROL WITH DESICCANT WHEEL COOLING SYSTEM
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Energy Procedia 61 (2014 ) 882 886 The 6 th International Conference on Applied Energy ICAE2014 INDOOR HUMAN THERMAL COMFORT OPTIMAL CONTROL WITH
More informationSolar Heating and Cooling Systems
Solar Heating and Cooling Systems Presented by: Dr. Georgios Florides Solar Space heating and Cooling A solar space heating and Cooling system can consist of a passive system, an active system, or a combination
More informationConditioning of outdoor air using rotating disk type liquid desiccant-air contacting device
Conditioning of outdoor air using rotating disk type liquid desiccant-air contacting device J R Mehta 1, A A Sujela 2 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology and Engineering,The Maharaja
More informationsolution, due to the partial vapor pressure difference between the air and the desiccant solution. Then, the moisture from the diluted solution is rem
A Simplified model for estimating the regeneration effectiveness of a counter flow regenerator for a liquid desiccant system M.H. Kim 1, H.J. Cho 1, and J.W. Jeong 1* 1 Division of Architectural Engineering,
More informationDesiccant Cooling with Solar Energy
Desiccant Cooling with Solar Energy Gerrit Höfker 1,2, Ursula Eicker 2, Kevin Lomas 1, Herbert Eppel 1 1 De Montfort University Leicester, Institute of Energy and Sustainable Development 2 Hochschule für
More informationInternational Journal of Research in Engineering and Innovation Vol-1, Issue-5 (2017), 68-72
International Journal of Research in Engineering and Innovation Vol-1, Issue-5 (2017), 68-72 International Journal of Research in Engineering and Innovation (IJREI) journal home page: http://www.ijrei.com
More informationSubscripts 1-4 States of the given system Comp Compressor Cond Condenser E Evaporator vol Volumetric G Gas L Liquid
Simulation Analysis of Compression Refrigeration Cycle with Different Refrigerants P.Thangavel, Dr.P.Somasundaram, T.Sivakumar, C.Selva Kumar, G.Vetriselvan Abstract --- In this analysis, the performance
More informationME 410 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS LABORATORY MASS & ENERGY BALANCES IN PSYCHROMETRIC PROCESSES EXPERIMENT 3
ME 410 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS LABORATORY MASS & ENERGY BALANCES IN PSYCHROMETRIC PROCESSES EXPERIMENT 3 1. OBJECTIVE The objective of this experiment is to observe four basic psychrometric processes
More informationNumerical Studies On The Performance Of Methanol Based Air To Air Heat Pipe Heat Exchanger
International Journal of ChemTech Research CODEN( USA) IJCRGG ISSN 0974-4290 Vol.5, No.2, pp 925-934, April-June 2013 ICGSEE-2013[14th 16th March 2013] International Conference on Global Scenario in Environment
More informationPerformance Enhancement of Refrigeration Cycle by Employing a Heat Exchanger
Performance Enhancement of Refrigeration Cycle by Employing a Heat Exchanger Abstract Shoeb J. Inamdar 1 H.S. Farkade 2 M. Tech student. (Thermal Engineering) 1, Asst. Professor 2 Department of Mechanical
More informationOptimization of Moisture condensation rate of Liquid Desiccant Dehumidifier through Genetic Algorithm
International Journal of ChemTech Research CODEN (USA): IJCRGG ISSN: 0974-4290 Vol.7, No.01, pp 400-407, 2014-2015 Optimization of Moisture condensation rate of Liquid Desiccant Dehumidifier through Genetic
More informationVolume 2, Issue 4 (2014) ISSN International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation
Use of Hydrocarbons in Low Temperature Circuit in Terms of First Law and Second Law of Four Stage Cascade Refrigeration of Semen Preservation R.S. Mishra Department of Mechanical Engineering, Delhi Technological
More informationWORK STUDY ON LOW TEMPERATURE (CASCADE) REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
WORK STUDY ON LOW TEMPERATURE (CASCADE) REFRIGERATION SYSTEM Sachin Kumar 1, Vicky Ranga 2 1Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jagan Nath University Jhajjar, Haryana, India. 2Scholar.
More informationScientific Journal Impact Factor: (ISRA), Impact Factor: Methodology. [Yadav, 3(9): September, 2014] ISSN:
IJESRT INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY Effect of Evaporative Cooling on Air Conditioning Test Rig Mohit Yadav*, Prof. S.S Pawar *M.Tech (Thermal engineering) Bhabha
More informationFeasibility of Controlling Heat and Enthalpy Wheel Effectiveness to Achieve Optimal Closed DOAS Operation
Purdue University Purdue e-pubs International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference School of Mechanical Engineering July 2018 Feasibility of Controlling Heat and Enthalpy Wheel Effectiveness to
More informationSIMULATION ANALYSIS ON THE FRESH AIR HANDLING UNIT WITH LIQUID DESICCANT TOTAL HEAT RECOVERY
SIMULATION ANALYSIS ON THE FRESH AIR HANDLING UNIT WITH LIQUID DESICCANT TOTAL HEAT RECOVERY Xiaoyun Xie, Yidan Tang, Xiaoqin Yi, Shuanqiang Liu,Yi Jiang Department of Building Science and Technology,
More informationEnthalpy Wheel and its Application in Air Conditioning
Enthalpy Wheel and its Application in Air Conditioning Sathyanath M1, Sourav R2 1 2 Student, Dept of Mechanical Engineering, North Malabar Institute of Technology, Kanhangad, Kerela, India Student, Dept
More informationSOLAR COOLING TECHNOLOGIES
SOLAR COOLING TECHNOLOGIES S. SRINIVASA MURTHY Professor of Refrigeration & Clean Energy Technologies Energy Efficiency Summit 2010 Chennai Trade Centre, Chennai Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian
More informationA Liquid Desiccant System for Solar Cooling and Dehumidification
A Liquid Desiccant System for Solar Cooling and Dehumidification K. Gommed G. Grossman Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel The growing demand
More informationdeveloped, and parametric studies are conducted with the model. Based on the parameter study results, a dehumidification performance diagram is propos
Evaluation of A Plate Desiccant Outdoor Air-conditioning System Utilizing Cogenerated Hot Water Using A Numerical Model T. Baba 1, B. Park 1 1, *1, and T. Nagai 1 Department of Architecture, Tokyo University
More informationExperimental Analysis Of Vapour Compression Refrigeration System With Superheating By Using R-134a, R-12, R-717 Refrigerant
Experimental Analysis Of Vapour Compression Refrigeration System With Superheating By Using R-134a, R-12, R-717 Refrigerant Satish parmar 1, Ravindra Randa 2 1M.TECH. Scholar, Department Of Mechanical
More informationExperimental Performance of Solar Collector cum Regenerator for Coupling with a Liquid Desiccant Cooling System
Purdue University Purdue e-pubs International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference School of Mechanical Engineering 2016 Experimental Performance of Solar Collector cum Regenerator for Coupling
More informationMODELLING AND OPTIMIZATION OF DIRECT EXPANSION AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM FOR COMMERCIAL BUILDING ENERGY SAVING
MODELLING AND OPTIMIZATION OF DIRECT EXPANSION AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM FOR COMMERCIAL BUILDING ENERGY SAVING V. Vakiloroaya*, J.G. Zhu, and Q.P. Ha School of Electrical, Mechanical and Mechatronic Systems,
More informationSIDDHARTH GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS :: PUTTUR Siddharth Nagar, Narayanavanam Road AUTONOMOUS QUESTION BANK (DESCRIPTIVE) UNIT I
SIDDHARTH GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS :: PUTTUR Siddharth Nagar, Narayanavanam Road 517583 AUTONOMOUS QUESTION BANK (DESCRIPTIVE) Subject with Code : Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (16ME8806) Course & Branch:
More information3. (a) Explain the working of a rotary screw compressor. [10] (b) How the capacity control is achieved in refrigerant compressor?
Code No: RR410305 Set No. 1 IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2006 REFRIGERATION & AIR CONDITIONING (Mechanical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All
More informationDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, AJK, Pakistan
1 EXPERIMENTAL AND MODEL BASED PERFORMANCE INVESTIGATION OF A SOLID DESICCANT WHEEL DEHUMIDIFIER IN SUBTROPICAL CLIMATE Ghulam Qadar CHAUDHARY a, Muzaffar ALI a, Muhammad ASHIQ a, Hafiz Muhammad ALI *a
More informationFeasibility study of the passive solar room dehumidifying system using the sorption property of a wooden attic space through field measurement
International Conference Passive and Low Energy Cooling 651 Feasibility study of the passive solar room dehumidifying system using the sorption property of a wooden attic space through field measurement
More informationEnergy Conversion and Management
Energy Conversion and Management 69 (2013) 9 16 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Energy Conversion and Management journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/enconman Experimental exergoeconomic
More informationDESIGN AND SIMULATION OF A SOLAR ASSISTED DESICCANT-BASED AIR HANDLING UNIT
8th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF A SOLAR ASSISTED DESICCANT-BASED AIR HANDLING UNIT Angrisani G.*, Sasso M., Roselli C. and Stellato
More informationEXERGY ANALYSIS OF DOMESTIC REFRIGERATOR WITH DIFFERENT REFRIGERANTS
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 3, Issue 7, July-2012 1 EXERGY ANALYSIS OF DOMESTIC REFRIGERATOR WITH DIFFERENT REFRIGERANTS Rahul ukey, Sharad chaudhary Abstract Electricity
More informationAn Evaporative and Desiccant Cooling System for Air Conditioning in Humid Climates
J. R. Camargo and E. Godoy Jr. Universidade de aubaté - UNIAU Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica Rua Daniel Danelli, s/n Jardim Morumbi 12060-440 aubaté, S. Brazil rui@mec.unitau.br godoyjr@unitau.br
More informationThe Potential for Solar Powered Desiccant Cooling
The Potential for Solar Powered Desiccant Cooling S.P. Halliday GAIA Research, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK C.B. Beggs School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK Abstract The air conditioning
More informationModelling the Performance of a Diffusion Absorption Refrigeration System
Modelling the Performance of a Diffusion Absorption Refrigeration System Noman Yousuf 1, Etienne Biteau 2, Timothy Anderson 1, Michael Gschwendtner 1 and Roy Nates 1 1 School of Engineering, Auckland University
More informationDesign of Divided Condensers for Desiccant Wheel-Assisted Separate Sensible and Latent Cooling AC Systems
Purdue University Purdue e-pubs International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference School of Mechanical Engineering 2012 Design of Divided Condensers for Desiccant Wheel-Assisted Separate Sensible
More informationVapour Compression-Absorption Cascade Refrigeration System- Thermodynamic Analysis
Vapour Compression-Absorption Cascade Refrigeration System- Thermodynamic Analysis PARBHUBHAI R.TAILOR Department of Mechanical Engineering Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Surat,Gujarat-395007,INDIA
More informationReducing energy consumption of airconditioning systems in moderate climates by applying indirect evaporative cooling
Reducing energy consumption of airconditioning systems in moderate climates by applying indirect evaporative cooling Aleksandra Cichoń,*, Anna Pacak, Demis Pandelidis, and Sergey Anisimov Department of
More informationOpen Cycle Liquid Desiccant Air Conditioning Systems Theoretical and Experimental Investigations
43rd ANZSES Conference Solar 24, Denedin (NZ), 28.11.-3.11.5, CD Abstract Open Cycle Liquid Desiccant Air Conditioning Systems Theoretical and Experimental Investigations M., W. Saman, K. Vajen* Sustainable
More informationInternational Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 7, July-2014 ISSN
ISSN 2229-5518 865 Abstract global warming and as a result, ambient temperature is rising significantly. Refrigeration and air- cooling systems are becoming necessary in almost all parts of India, even
More informationPERFORMANCE OF EARTH TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER COOLING OF AIR A REVIEW
Int. J. Mech. Eng. & Rob. Res. 2015 Ashish Kumar Chaturvedi and V N Bartaria, 2015 Review Article ISSN 2278 0149 www.ijmerr.com Vol. 4, No. 1, January 2015 2015 IJMERR. All Rights Reserved PERFORMANCE
More informationPerformance Study of Triple Concentric Pipe Heat Exchanger
Performance Study of Triple Concentric Pipe Heat Exchanger #1 Pravin M. Linge, #2 A. B. Korane, #3 V. N. Kapatkar #123 Mechanical Engineering Department, Sinhgad College of Engineering, SPPU, Pune, India
More informationExperimental Investigation of Hot water Fired R134A-DMAC VARS System at Various Heat Source Temperatures
Journal of Energy Research and Environmental Technology pp. 20-25 Krishi Sanskriti Publications http://www.krishisanskriti.org/jeret.html Experimental Investigation of Hot water Fired R134A-DMAC VARS System
More informationIntegrated dehumidification and downdraft evaporative cooling system for a hot-humid climate
University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences 2014 Integrated dehumidification and downdraft
More informationA Review on Analysis of Vapour Compression Refrigeration System Using Matrix Heat Exchanger
A Review on Analysis of Vapour Compression Refrigeration System Using Matrix Heat Exchanger Chetan Papade Department of Mechanical Engineering N.K.Orchid college of Engg.& Tech., Solapur, Maharashtra,
More informationPerformance of window air conditioner using alternative refrigerants with different configurations of capillary tube
ISSN: 2347-3215 Volume 1 Number 4 (2013) pp. 46-54 www.ijcrar.com Performance of window air conditioner using alternative refrigerants with different configurations of capillary tube Richa Soni 1*, P.K.Jhinge
More informationGSJ: VOLUME 6, ISSUE 6, JUNE GSJ: Volume 6, Issue 6, June 2018, Online: ISSN
GSJ: VOLUME 6, ISSUE 6, JUNE 2018 189 GSJ: Volume 6, Issue 6, June 2018, Online: ISSN 2320-9186 ANALYSIS OF A VAPOUR ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION CYCLE POWERED BY A SOLAR SYSTEM Taiwo O. Oni Department of
More informationExperimental & Analytical Investigation on Modified Solar Dryer with Recirculation of Air
International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology. ISSN 0974-3154 Volume 6, Number 4 (2013), pp. 441-448 International Research Publication House http://www.irphouse.com Experimental & Analytical
More informationASSESSMENT OF R430A REFRIGERANT AS A POSSIBLE SUBSTITUTE TO R134A REFRIGERANT IN LARGE CAPACITY FREEZER
University of Maiduguri Faculty of Engineering Seminar Series Volume 6, december 5 ASSESSMENT OF REFRIGERANT AS A POSSIBLE SUBSTITUTE TO R34A REFRIGERANT IN LARGE CAPACITY FREEZER S. Shodiya*, M.B. Oumarou
More informationME 410 MECHA ICAL E GI EERI G SYSTEMS LABORATORY
ME 410 MECHA ICAL E GI EERI G SYSTEMS LABORATORY MASS & E ERGY BALA CES I PSYCHROMETRIC PROCESSES EXPERIME T 3 1. OBJECTIVE The object of this experiment is to observe four basic psychrometric processes
More informationEnhancement of COP using Nanoadditives in Domestic Refrigerator
ISSN 2395-1621 Enhancement of COP using Nanoadditives in Domestic Refrigerator #1 Mr.Sajjan Kawade, #2 Prof P.T.Kharat 1 sajjankawade@gmail.com 2 pradip5872@gmail.com #1 P.G. Student, Mechanical Engineering
More informationCarbon Dioxide based Heat Pump Dryer in Food Industry
1 Carbon Dioxide based Heat Pump Dryer in Food Industry J. Sarkar 1, S. Bhattacharyya, M. Ram Gopal Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur West Bengal, India 721302
More informationPerformance Of The Dehumidification Cycle Of A 3-Fluid Liquid Desiccant Membrane Air-Conditioning System
Performance Of The Dehumidification Cycle Of A 3-Fluid Liquid Desiccant Membrane Air-Conditioning System Devin Storle 1, Mohamed R.H. Abdel-Salam 2, Nader Pourmahmoud 3, Carey J. Simonson 4 1 MSc, University
More informationSimulation Of Pneumatic Drying: Influence Of Particle Diameter And Solid Loading Ratio
International Journal of ChemTech Research CODEN( USA): IJCRGG ISSN : 0974-4290 Vol.4, No.4, pp 1633-1641, Oct-Dec 2012 Simulation Of Pneumatic Drying: Influence Of Particle Diameter And Solid Loading
More informationRole of Nano-technology for improving of thermal performances of vapour compression refrigeration system (VCRS): An Overview
International Journal of Research in Engineering and Innovation Vol-2, Issue-1 (2018), 21-28 International Journal of Research in Engineering and Innovation (IJREI) journal home page: http://www.ijrei.com
More informationPerformance Analysis Of Double Inclination Ribbed Solar Air Heater Rectangular Duct By Liquid Crystal Thermography
Performance Analysis Of Double Inclination Ribbed Solar Air Heater Rectangular Duct By Liquid Crystal Thermography Amit Kumar Gautam¹, Dr. J. L. Bhagoria² ¹M.Tech. Scholar, Mechanical Engineering, ²Professor,
More informationNUMERICAL SIMULATION OF VAPOUR COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM USING REFRIGERANT R152A, R404A AND R600A
ISSN: 2250-0138 (Online) NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF VAPOUR COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM USING REFRIGERANT R152A, R404A AND R600A RANENDRA ROY a1, MADHU SRUTHI EMANI b AND BIJAN KUMAR MANDAL c abc Department
More informationFeasibility Analysis of Regeneration of Silica Gel Used in Dehumidification Process of Air Conditioning by the Condenser Waste Heat of Air Conditioner
Feasibility Analysis of Regeneration of Silica Gel Used in Dehumidification Process of Air Conditioning by the Condenser Waste Heat of Air Conditioner Priyanka Nath, Jitul Baruah Guest Lecturer, Department
More informationEXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF CENTRIFUGAL HUMIDIFIER FITTED IN AN INDUSTRIAL SHED LOCATED IN TROPICAL CLIMATES
THERMAL SCIENCE, Year 2011, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 467-475 467 EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF CENTRIFUGAL HUMIDIFIER FITTED IN AN INDUSTRIAL SHED LOCATED IN TROPICAL CLIMATES by Krishnasamy SENTHILKUMAR a* and Pss
More information4th International Conference on Sensors, Measurement and Intelligent Materials (ICSMIM 2015)
4th International Conference on Sensors, Measurement and Intelligent Materials (ICSMIM 2015) Multi-stage Series Heat Pump Drying System with Dehumidification Simulation and Experiment Verification Chao
More informationExperimental Investigation of a Multi Effect Membrane Based Regenerator for High Concentration Aqueous LiCL Solution as Desiccant
Proceedings of the World Congress on Momentum, Heat and Mass Transfer (MHMT 16) Prague, Czech Republic April 4 5, 216 Paper No. ENFHT 111 DOI: 1.11159/enfht16.111 Experimental Investigation of a Multi
More informationR07. Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks *****
Set No: 1 III B.Tech. II Semester Supplementary Examinations, April/May 2013 REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING (Mechanical Engineering) Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions
More informationSOLAR PARABOLIC COLLECTOR ASSISTED EVAPORATIVE COOLING SYSTEM
2 nd International Conference on Energy Systems and Technologies 18 21 Feb. 2013, Cairo, Egypt SOLAR PARABOLIC COLLECTOR ASSISTED EVAPORATIVE COOLING SYSTEM Tanuja Sheorey 1 +, Vandana Arora 1 1 PDPM Indian
More informationEFFECT OF SATURATION EFFICIENCY OF DIRECT EVAPORATIVE COOLER ON INDOOR CONDITIONS AND THERMAL COMFORT IN A SMALL OFFICE ROOM OF A BUILDING
EFFECT OF SATURATION EFFICIENCY OF DIRECT EVAPORATIVE COOLER ON INDOOR CONDITIONS AND THERMAL COMFORT IN A SMALL OFFICE ROOM OF A BUILDING DA Hindoliya and SC Mullick * Centre for Energy Studies, Indian
More informationPerformance analysis of a vapour compression refrigeration system with a diffuser for theeco-friendly refrigerants R-134a, R-600a and R-152a
International Journal of Research in Engineering and Science (IJRES) ISSN (Online): 2320-9364, ISSN (Print): 2320-9356 Volume 4 Issue 6 ǁ June. 2016 ǁ PP. 52-57 Performance analysis of a vapour compression
More informationExperimental Investigation of the Padding Tower 1. for Air Dehumidifier
Experimental Investigation of the Padding Tower 1 for Air Dehumidifier Jin Wang Jianhua Liu Cunnan Li Guangli Zhang Shouchao An Associate Associate graduate Engineer Prelector Professor Professor Student
More informationEffects of Latent/Sensible Heat Separation Air-Conditioning and Natural Ventilation on Indoor Thermal Environment in Environment-Friendly Office
Effects of Latent/Sensible Heat Separation -Conditioning and Natural Ventilation on Indoor Thermal Environment in Environment-Friendly Office Shotaro Sakai 1,*, Takashi Akimoto 1, Yumiko Miyasaka 2 1 Shibaura
More informationDesiccant cooling systems: a review
*Corresponding author. minaalsahlot@icloud.com Desiccant cooling systems: a review... Minaal Sahlot * and Saffa B. Riffat Department of Architecture and Built Environment, University of Nottingham, Nottingham
More informationGlobal Journal of Engineering Science and Research Management
EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL STUDY OF MINIATURE VAPOR COMPRESSION CYCLE USING MICROCHANNEL CONDENSER Issam M. Ali Aljubury*, Ahmed Q. Mohammed, Marwa S. Neama * Mechanical Eng. Dept. College of Engineering,
More informationSystem Modeling of Gas Engine Driven Heat Pump
Purdue University Purdue e-pubs International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference School of Mechanical Engineering 01 System Modeling of Gas Engine Driven Heat Pump Isaac Mahderekal shenb@ornl.gov
More informationThermodynamic Analysis of Cascade Refrigeration System Using R12-R13, R290-R23 and R404A-R23
Thermodynamic Analysis of Cascade Refrigeration System Using R12-R13, R290-R23 and R404A-R23 A. D. Parekh, P. R. Tailor Abstract The Montreal protocol and Kyoto protocol underlined the need of substitution
More informationEFFECT OF DIVERSE STREAM PATTERNS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SOLAR AIR HEATER
Int. J. Mech. Eng. & Rob. Res. 2013 P Velmurugan and R Kalaivanan, 2013 Research Paper ISSN 2278 0149 www.ijmerr.com Vol. 2, No. 1, January 2013 2013 IJMERR. All Rights Reserved EFFECT OF DIVERSE STREAM
More informationKeywords : Evaporative cooling, Saturation efficiency, Cooling capacity, Cooling pad, Cellulose, Aspen, Coconut coir. IJSER
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 10, October-2014 676 Performance Evaluation of Alternative Evaporative Cooling Media Rajesh Maurya*, Dr. Nitin Shrivastava, Vipin
More informationCFD Analysis of a 24 Hour Operating Solar Refrigeration Absorption Technology
IJIRST International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology Volume 1 Issue 11 April 2015 ISSN (online): 2349-6010 CFD Analysis of a 24 Hour Operating Solar Refrigeration Absorption Technology
More informationExperimental Research On Gas Injection High Temperature Heat Pump With An Economizer
Purdue University Purdue e-pubs International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference School of Mechanical Engineering 2014 Experimental Research On Gas Injection High Temperature Heat Pump With
More informationEXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF COUNTER FLOW AIR DEHUMIDIFIER FOR DIFFERENT PACKING HEIGHTS
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF COUNTER FLOW AIR DEHUMIDIFIER FOR DIFFERENT PACKING HEIGHTS Er. Satwinder Singh Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Landran (Mohali),
More informationEffect of Operating Parameters on the Performance of Direct Evaporative Cooler
International Journal of Thermal Technologies E-ISSN 2277 4114 2015 INPRESSCO, All Rights Reserved Available at http://inpressco.com/category/ijtt/ Research Article Effect of Operating Parameters on the
More informationExperimental study of an energy efficient hybrid system for surface drying
Experimental study of an energy efficient hybrid system for surface drying W.C Wang, R.K Calay, Y.K Chen To cite this version: W.C Wang, R.K Calay, Y.K Chen. Experimental study of an energy efficient hybrid
More informationR10. IV B.Tech I Semester Regular/Supplementary Examinations, Nov/Dec REFRIGERATION & AIR-CONDITIONING (Mechanical Engineering)
Set No. 1 IV B.Tech I Semester Regular/Supplementary Examinations, Nov/Dec - 2014 REFRIGERATION & AIR-CONDITIONING (Mechanical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions
More informationHeat pump and energy recovery systems
SBS5311 HVACR II http://ibse.hk/sbs5311/ Heat pump and energy recovery systems Ir. Dr. Sam C. M. Hui Faculty of Science and Technology E-mail: cmhui@vtc.edu.hk Oct 2017 Contents Basic concepts Air-to-air
More informationNUMERICAL SIMULATION OF VAPOUR COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM USING REFRIGERANT R152A, R404A AND R600A
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF VAPOUR COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM USING REFRIGERANT R152A, R404A AND R600A [1] Ranendra Roy, [2] Madhu Sruthi Emani, [3] Bijan Kumar Mandal [1], [2],[3] Department of Mechanical
More information