Module 2: Farm Practices to Improve Energy Efficiency
|
|
- Augustine Jenkins
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1
2 Module 2: Farm Practices to Improve Energy Efficiency 2.2 Dairy Energy Efficiency Author: Scott Sanford, Sr. Outreach Specialist, University of Wisconsin Peer Reviewers: Joe Horner, Extension Economist, University of Missouri Brian Holmes, Agricultural Engineer Specialist, University of Wisconsin Extension This guide is also available as an online learning module at: unit-2-2-dairy-farms/ Additional modules on Energy independence, Bioenergy Generation, and Environmental Sustainability are available online at: This material is based upon work supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, under Agreement No Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
3 Table of Contents Learning Objectives Introduction Vacuum Pumps Milk Cooling... 4 Scroll compressors... 4 Well-water precoolers... 4 Refrigeration heat recovery... 4 Variable speed milk pumping Water Heating Long Day Lighting... 6 Conclusion... 6 Further Information and References... 6 Dairy Energy Efficiency 1
4 Learning Objectives 1. Understand how energy is used for milk harvesting and dairy cattle housing. 2. Learn what technologies can be used to reduce energy use for milk harvesting and dairy cattle housing. 3. Learn what management changes can reduce energy consumption / Introduction There are many possibilities for saving energy on dairy farms. In general, dairy farms use between 800 and 1200 kilowatt-hours (kwh) of electricity per cow every year but in one study the range was from kwh/ cow/year. The surprising thing is that both of these were in freestall operations. Data from the Center for Dairy Profitability [1] indicates utility costs on the average dairy farm account for less than 2 percent of milk production costs on all sizes of farms although, as one might suspect, the utility costs per cow decreased as farm size increased. The utility cost per cow generally range from $45 to $95per cow but range widely depending on the type of housing and herd size. A recent study indicated that 59 percent of the energy use was for milk harvesting (vacuum pumping, milk cooling and water heating), another 35 percent was used for lighting and ventilation and the remaining 6 percent was for feeding, manure handling and other miscellaneous uses. At 27 percent, water heating uses the most energy but the energy source varies by farm; electricity, heating oil, L.P gas and natural gas. The other energy uses in the pie chart are all electricity. Milk cooling used the most electricity at 19 percent, with lighting coming in second: 18 percent follow by ventilation at 17 percent and vacuum pumps used 13 percent. A New York State study [2] suggests an energy efficient farm is one that uses 750 kwh/cow/year or less. Table 1 lists the potential energy savings for different uses of energy on a dairy. The good news is technologies are available that can save energy on most dairy farm operations without sacrifices. Figure 1: Energy distribution on New York State Dairy Farm. Graph compiled by Scott Sanford with data from Dairy Farm Energy Audit Summary (2) Dairy Energy Efficiency 2
5 Energy Use Energy Saving Technology Potential Energy Savings Vacuum Pump Variable Seed Drive 50 to 65% Cooling Precooler (Heat Exchange) 60% Cooling Scroll Compressor 15-20% Cooling Water Heater Variable Speed Milk Pump (Added to existing Precooler) High Efficiency Condensing water heater Up to 30% 25-45% Water Heater Refrigeration Heat Recovery 50% Exhaust Fans More Efficient 20% Stirring Fans HVLS Fans 60% Lighting More Efficient Fixtures 30-75% Table 1. Potential energy savings for different uses of energy on a dairy. Source: Scott Sanford / Vacuum Pumps The installation of a variable speed drive (VSD) vacuum pump, sometimes called a variable frequency drive, usually saves between 50 and 65 percent in electricity costs with the same or better vacuum regulation. The VSD can be adapted to blower or, in some cases, rotary vane vacuum pumps. They work by changing the speed of the vacuum pump according to readings from a pressure sensor mounted on the vacuum line near the receiver jar. The VSD is basically a dedicated computer capable of many adjustments, so it may be possible to improve vacuum regulation over the typical pneumatic vacuum regulator that only has a vacuum level adjustment. Adding a VSD to a vacuum pump is usually economical for a dairy that milks a total of 6 to 8 hours or more per day. Typically a VSD is not an economical option for small dairies with short milking time and thus shorter vacuum pump run times. Dairy farms with either single or three phase electric power can use variable speed drives. Converting a vacuum pump to variable speed entails installing a Variable Frequency Controller, changing the pump motor to a 3 phase motor and installing a pressure transducer near the receiver jar. The existing pneumatic vacuum regulator is removed or set about 1 inch of mercury higher than the set point vacuum level to act as an emergency vacuum regulator. If a farm was using two vacuum pumps, often one can be shut off and maintained for a backup. For smaller dairies, there are some other ways to cut energy costs. First check to make sure your current vacuum pump is not grossly oversized. A long held belief has been that more vacuum pump capacity was better. Research has since shown that a vacuum pump sized at 3 cubic feet per minute (cfm) per milking unit with a 35 cfm base capacity for up to 32 milking units is usually adequate even accounting for a milking unit falloff. Your local dairy equipment dealer can aid you in determining if your vacuum pump is sized correctly. Vacuum pump capacity is approximately 10 cfm per horsepower is a rough rule of thumb. If your current vacuum pump has larger capacity than needed, it may be possible to change belts and pulleys to slow the pump down or you may be able to trade it in for a smaller pump head. Keeping drive belts in good condition and tight reduces belt slippage and thus electricity usage. Illustration 1: Variable speed vacuum pump system. Source: Scott Sanford Dairy Energy Efficiency 3
6 2.2.3 / Milk Cooling There are three technologies that cut electrical energy use when cooling milk: scroll-type refrigeration compressors, well-water cooled precoolers (heat exchangers) and refrigeration heat recovery units. Scroll compressors are newer units and are 15 to 20 percent more efficient, have fewer moving parts, and are only slightly more expensive than traditional reciprocation compressors. Scroll compressors have been used in dairy refrigeration systems since the mid- 1990s with good results. If you are purchasing a new bulk tank, you can specify the compressor be a scroll type. If your existing reciprocating compressor fails replacing it with a scroll compressor adds about $ more than the cost of a new reciprocating compressor. The extra cost is for re-wiring and new mounting holes. This is a modest cost for the improvement in efficiency [1]. Well-water precoolers are heat exchangers that use well water to cool the milk before it reaches the bulk tank. If sized properly and have an ample water supply, they can reduce milk cooling costs by up to 60 percent. This is assuming 55 F well water to reduce the milk temperature to within 3 or 4 F of the well water temperature. Undersized water lines and water system capacity are the two largest reasons that precoolers do not perform up to their potential. It requires 1 to 3 gallons of water to cool 1 gallon of milk depending in the design of the heat exchanger (2 gallons water per gallon milk common). The precooler water should be re-used for watering cows or general clean-up. The water can be stored on a plastic holding tank until needed. If a refrigeration heat recovery (RHR) unit (see below) is being used, an energy audit should be done to assure adding a precooler will not increase energy requirements, because precoolers and refrigeration heat recovery units are competing technologies. If the milk is cooled with a precooler, then there is less heat available to pre-heat water in the RHR unit. If an electric water heater is being used, it is usually more cost-effective to maximize water heating with an RHR unit rather than to precool milk to save energy [2]. A refrigeration heat recovery (RHR) unit is typically a water tank with a heat exchanger jacket around it through which the refrigerant from the milk cooling system flows before it goes to the air heat exchanger (condenser). Some of the heat from the refrigerant is transferred through the jacket and tank wall into the water stored in the RHR tank. An added benefit is a small increase in the efficiency of the refrigeration system due to a larger heat transfer area [1]. Variable Speed Milk Pumping Variable speed drives (VSDs) can be used on milk pumps to control the flow of milk through a precooler or heat exchanger to increase its cooling efficiency. A constant speed milk pump can move milk at a rate of 30 gallons per minute (gpm) or more. To get maximum milk cooling, the water to milk flow rate ratio should be a minimum of 1:1, so a minimum of 30 gpm of water is needed. However, many precoolers require a water to milk ratio of 2:1 for maximum heat exchange rate thus 60 gpm of water is needed for a system with a constant speed pump. Most farms do not have this size of water system capacity. A VSD on the milk pump can lower the average milk flow through the precoolerwhich reduces the water demand (gpm) needed to achieve maximum efficiency from the precooler [3]. Illustration 2: Well water Precooler (heat exchanger). Source: Scott Sanford Dairy Energy Efficiency 4
7 2.2.4 / Water Heating The cost of water heating in dairy operations can be reduced in many ways: A refrigeration heat recovery (RHR) unit captures heat collected by the refrigeration system to pre-heat well water before it enters the water heater. This can provide up to 50 percent of the energy required for water heating. It is usually economical to install an RHR unit when and electric water heater is used. These units are available from all major brands of dairy equipment manufacturers. Water conservation is a low-cost way to reduce water heating expenses. For example, sometimes more water then necessary is used to wash milking systems. Having your dairy equipment dealer fine-tune your pipeline washing system can help reduce the amount of water needed to wash the milking system [1]. 24 percent daily standby heat loss. A typical gas or oil water heater can have a standby loss of 2.5 percent per hour, which equates to a daily loss of 60 percent. When shopping for a new water heater, the more insulation the better. The overall efficiency or energy factor of a water heater can range from 50 percent to 88 percent. [2] Illustration3: Refrigeration heat recovery unit next to a water heater. source: Scott Sanford Using water directly from the refrigeration heat recovery unit in situations when warm water will do and the precise temperature is not critical is another way to reduce water heating costs. This avoids heating the water up only to dilute it with cold water. Do your homework when choosing a new water heater. Their thermal efficiency, i.e. the percent of energy transferred to the water, varies greatly. Electric water heaters have a thermal efficiency of nearly 100 percent. Gas and oil water heaters have a thermal efficiency of about 80 percent unless they are of the condensing type, which have thermal efficiencies in the 95 percent range. Water heaters also differ widely in standby loss, which is an indication of how well insulated the tank is. Standby loss is the heat lost over time when the water sits unused in the tank. Electric water heaters are typically the best insulated, with standby losses of about 1 percent per hour and some as low as 0.5 percent per hour This would mean 12 to Heat loss through pipe walls can be substantial depending on the length of run. Covering the pipes with foam pipe insulation will reduce heat loss and result in higher water temperatures at outlets. In new construction insulating all pipes both in walls and exposed pipes is highly recommend. Solar water Heating generally on dairy farms there is ample waste heat from the refrigeration system to replace at least 50% of the water heating needs using a refrigeration heat recovery unit. Solar water heating systems are efficiency at heating water from well water temperature up to about 120 F but then the efficiency decreases rapidly. The payback on solar water systems is typically longer than other energy efficiency options that a dairy could invest in so they are seldom the best investment for a dairy but often a good investment for a residential home. Dairy Energy Efficiency 5
8 2.2.5 / Long Day Lighting Research has shown that when cows are exposed to 16- to 18-hour days, they will produce 4 to 5 pounds more milk per day. Long days can be simulated by exposing the cows to artificial or a combination of natural and artificial light. In a tiestall barn this can be accomplished by installing a row of T8 fluorescent fixtures over the feed alley. In a freestall barn, metal halide high pressure sodium, induction or fluorescent (T5 or T8) lamps can be used unless the ceiling height is less than 10 feet, then T8 or T5 fluorescent fixtures are recommended. Using long-day lighting doesn t reduce energy input, but the increase in milk production reduces the cost of milk per unit of energy used. For more information, refer to the links in the References section / Conclusions Although electricity is not a major part of milk production costs, there are multiple technologies that can reduce utility bills significantly and give a very favorable return on investment for most dairy farms. A variable speed vacuum pump can reduce energy use by 50 to 60 percent, a well-water cooled precooler can reduce cooling requirements by two-thirds, a refrigeration heat recovery unit can typically reduce water heating costs by 50 percent and lighting energy consumption can often be reduced by 50 to 75 percent. Some energy conserving techniques preclude that energy being available for other downstream energy recapture. Enlist the aid of an energy auditor to help decide the best combinations of technologies for you. Farms with under 100 cows may have fewer options than larger farms, but all can reduce energy usage. References and Further Information Unit J. Vanderlin Milk Production Costs in 2003 on Selected Wisconsin Dairy farms, University of Wisconsin, Center for Dairy Profitability. Available at: verified 9/4/12 2. D. Ludington, E.L. Johnson Dairy Farm Energy Audit Summary, New York State Energy Research and Development Authority. Available at: database=web verified 9/4/12 Unit S.A. Sanford Energy Conservation in Agriculture: Vacuum Systems, A3784-5, University of Wisconsin Extension. G.A.Mein et. al Sizing Vacuum Pumps for Milking, National Mastitis Council Annual Meeting Proceedings. D.J. Reinemann, Mein, G.A Sizing Vacuum Pumps for Cleaning Milking Systems, National Mastitis Council Annual Meeting Proceedings. Dairy Energy Efficiency 6
9 Unit S.A. Sanford Energy Conservation in Agriculture: Refrigeration Systems, A , University of Wisconsin Extension. 2. S.A. Sanford Energy Conservation in Agriculture: Well Water Precoolers, A , University of Wisconsin Extension. 3. S.A. Sanford Energy Conservation in Agriculture: Variable Speed Milk Pumps, A , University of Wisconsin Extension. Unit D.J. Reinemann Dairy Operators Guide to milking Machine Cleaning and Sanitation, UW Milking Research and Instruction Lab, University of Wisconsin. Available at: verified 9/4/12 2. Ratings for water heaters are available at the Air-Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI) website ( ) Scroll down under Residential or Commercial until you find water heaters, click and proceed with search. S.A. Sanford Energy Conservation in Agriculture: Water Heating on Dairy Farms, A , University of Wisconsin Extension. Unit G. Josefsson, Miquelon, M., Chapman, L Long-Day lighting in dairy barns, Tip sheet: Healthy Farmers, Healthy Profits, University of Wisconsin. Available at: verified 9/4/12 G. Dahl Photoperiodic Manipulation of Lactation in Dairy Cattle, Summary of research work, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Available at: verified 9/4/12 S.A. Sanford Long Day Lighting Decision Tool, University of Wisconsin. Available at: verified 9/4/12 Refer to the Animal Housing Unit in 2.5 for information on ventilation and lighting. Sanford, S Farm Practices to Improve Energy Efficiency: Dairy Energy Efficiency. Module 2.2 in S. Lezberg, S. Sanford, and M. Jungwirth (eds). On-farm Energy Conservation and Efficiency. On-line Curriculum. Bioenergy Training Center. Learning for life Dairy Energy Efficiency 7
Refrigeration: Reducing energy costs in dairy parlours
Refrigeration: Reducing energy costs in dairy parlours Factsheet Save energy in your milk cooling processes Milk cooling systems account for about 20% of energy used in dairy parlours. Farmers have a few
More informationTitle: Heat Recovery From Milk Cooling Systems
Agdex#: 410/717 Publication Date: 02/88 Order#: 88-032 Last Reviewed: 09/96 Title: Heat Recovery From Milk Cooling Systems Division: History: Agriculture and Rural Replaces Factsheet #82-065, "Heat Recovery
More informationPrice increases since % 38% 53% 63% 115% Ground Beef. Electricity Eggs White Bread
ENERGYguide As the cost of energy rises, consumers are seeking ways to use energy more efficiently. It takes a lot of electricity to power the farms that feed families across America. With the electricity
More information2018 Agricultural Programs Rebate Application Federated Rural Electric, ATTN: Jon, P.O. Box 69, Jackson, MN 56143
218 Agricultural Programs Rebate Application Federated Rural Electric, ATTN: Jon, P.O. Box 69, Jackson, MN 56143 847-352, 728-8366 or 1-8-321-352 beckman@federatedrea.coop Business Member Information Business
More informationControl Strategies and Considerations for Livestock and Other Farm Buildings
Control Strategies and Considerations for Livestock and Other Farm Buildings Kevin A Janni Bioproducts & Biosystems Engineering University of Minnesota Automated control Replaces manual control Makes adjustments
More informationSmall Business Energy Solutions Agriculture Worksheet
Small Business Energy Solutions Agriculture Worksheet To confirm your business qualifies for rebates, complete the online Business Profile prior to submitting your worksheet. Eligible products are listed
More informationFocus on Energy Business Programs Summary of Services and Incentives July 2009
Focus on Energy Business Programs Summary of Services and Incentives July 2009 OVERVIEW Focus on Energy Business Programs goals are to educate Wisconsin s farmers, businesses, industry, schools and local
More informationFarm Energy Audit Workshop
Farm Energy Audit Workshop Sponsored by the Western Mountains Alliance, a member of the Maine Rural Partners Farm Energy Partners Network and Efficiency Maine Skowhegan, Maine May 14, 2008 Walk-Through
More informationCooling Systems for Georgia Dairy Cattle. Dr. John W. Worley, Extension Engineer
Cooling Systems for Georgia Dairy Cattle Dr. John W. Worley, Extension Engineer Heat stress can reduce summer milk production in dairy cows by 15 to 22 percent according to University heat stress, costing
More informationHow to Cut Chiller Energy Costs by 30%
How to Cut Chiller Energy Costs by 30% Pre-packaged retrofit cuts centrifugal compressor chiller energy costs by 30% while reducing required maintenance and extending operating life at Duke Realty Corporation
More informationThe Innovation Center for U.S. Dairy and The USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS)
Technical Service Provider TSP-B-09-845 Submits this Sample Agricultural Energy Management Plan Large Florida Dairy 500 Acres Wednesday, November 13, 2013 Funded by: The Innovation Center for U.S. Dairy
More information* Peak kw is determined by the average kw load reduction occurring between 1PM and 4PM on weekdays during June, July and August.
overview Summary of Services & Incentives Effective through March 31, 2014 Last updated April 1, 2013 business programs The goal of the Focus on Energy Business Programs is to help Wisconsin s non-residential
More informationInService Protect your investment
InService Protect your investment InService brings together knowledge and innovation to form a superior service solution. Our goal is to reduce the environmental footprint of farms, while improving food
More informationInterNACHI Home Energy Inspection for th Street
InterNACHI Home Energy Inspection for 1750 30th Street Estimated Yearly Energy Costs: $1,491 per year Dear Client, This house has been scored on a scale of 1 to 100. A 100 would represent a home with perfect
More informationLUCKILY THERE S A BETTER WAY
CRAC EQUIPMENT Using the Latest Variable Capacity Technology to Lower Energy Usage & Increase Reliability Ever-changing Challenges Cooling data centers and other mission-critical environments is a complex
More informationgforce Ultra CRAC Equipment: Using the Latest Variable Capacity Technology to Lower Energy Usage & Increase Reliability
May 20, 2015 gforce Ultra White Paper gforce Ultra CRAC Equipment: Using the Latest Variable Capacity Technology to Lower Energy Usage & Increase Reliability Seth Inyang, New Product Development Manager,
More informationManagement of In-Bin Natural Air Grain Drying Systems to Minimize Energy Cost
Know how. Know now. EC710 Management of In-Bin Natural Air Grain Drying Systems to Minimize Energy Cost Thomas W. Dorn, Extension Educator With prices for all energy sources rising dramatically in recent
More informationRenewableEnergy. A Guide to Prepare for a Grain Dryer Energy Audit. Introduction. Fueling and Feeding America Through Renewable Resources
RE-11-W RenewableEnergy A Guide to Prepare for a Grain Dryer Energy Audit Klein E. Ileleji, Chad Martin, and Gabriel De Melo Lima Miranda Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University
More informationFreedom to choose. DeLaval voluntary milking system VMS
Freedom to choose DeLaval voluntary milking system VMS Freedom to choose How are you going to milk your cows today, tomorrow and in five years? This is a question for millions of people. Working with
More informationWoodworking Vacuum Solutions
PUMPS AND SYSTEMS THAT IMPROVE PERFORMANCE, EFFICIENCY AND PROFIT DEKKER pumps are at the heart of every system: Woodworking Vacuum They tolerate sawdust and other contaminants far better than other vacuum
More informationLow Pressure Sprinkler and Fan Cooling System Design for Dairy Facilities
Low Pressure Sprinkler and Fan Cooling System Design for Dairy Facilities INTRODUCTION Originally written by Brian J. Holmes and Leonard R. Massie, Extension Engineers Biological Systems Engineering University
More informationThe Use of Evaporative Cooling Panels in Tie Stall Dairy Barns
Paper # NABEC/CSBE 12-019 The Use of Evaporative Cooling Panels in Tie Stall Dairy Barns Harold K. House, MSc., P.Eng., Agricultural Engineer Ontario Ministry of Agriculture Food, and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA)
More informationTABLE OF CONTENTS. Whisper Jet Manual. Purpose, Components 5. Operation 6. Installation Troubleshooting References 14
TABLE OF CONTENTS Purpose, Components 5 Operation 6 Installation 6-12 Troubleshooting 12-13 References 14 Figures & Drawings 15-20 Page 3 Rev. 0908 Whisper Jet Manual Whisper Jet Manual PURPOSE An air
More informationAddress Account # Member # Equipment Specifications Quantity Rebate. ENERGY STAR Appliances
Rebate not to exceed cost of high efficiency equipment. Equipment must be purchased or recycled in 2015. Installed equipment must be on cooperative's lines. Submit the documentation listed below no later
More informationEquipment Specifications and Required Information Quantity Rebate
Rebate not to exceed 50% of the cost of equipment. Recycling rebates qualify for the entire rebate, regardless of the recycling cost. Equipment must be purchased or recycled in 2016. Installed equipment
More informationImplementing Heat Stress Relief Systems
Implementing Heat Stress Relief Systems Joseph M. Zulovich, Ph.D., P.E. Commercial Agricultural Engineer Animal Structures Specialist Biological and Agricultural Engineering Dept. University of Missouri
More informationEnergy-Efficient Makeup Air Units BY HUGH CROWTHER, P.ENG., MEMBER ASHRAE
This article was published in ASHRAE Journal, March 20145 Copyright 2015 ASHRAE. Posted at www.ashrae.org. This article may not be copied and/or distributed electronically or in paper form without permission
More informationTHERMAL ICE STORAGE: Application & Design Guide
THERMAL ICE STORAGE: Application & Design Guide Table of Contents: 1. Introduction A. History of Thermal Energy Storage B. Operating and Cost Benefits 2. Applications A Fundamental System B. HVAC Cooling
More informationIntegrated Robotic Solutions. Your future is our why
Integrated Robotic Solutions Your future is our why Chronos facility Seamless integration of: Human+Cow+Technology. The unique benefits of DeLaval robots can improve life on the farm in very real and measurable
More informationDaikin Blueprint: Delivering Hot Water with a Chiller
Daikin Blueprint: Delivering Hot Water with a Chiller Analyzing the design of heat recovery on air-cooled chillers and the effect it has on building energy consumption By Paul Crisman Daikin Chiller Applications
More informationIn-Field Quantification of Fan Performance in Tunnel-Ventilated Freestall Barns ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION
In-Field Quantification of Fan Performance in Tunnel-Ventilated Freestall Barns by Katherine Lankering, Research Associate Curt Gooch, P.E., Senior Extension Associate Scott Inglis, Research Associate
More informationVacuum Systems. A complete line of vacuum pumps and accessories for every dairy
Vacuum Systems A complete line of vacuum pumps and accessories for every dairy 2 GEA VACUUM SYSTEMS CL Vacuum Pump Exclusive coated lobes increase efficiency Commercial grade lobe style vacuum pump designed
More informationGENERAL OBSERVATIONS FROM THE PHES EVALUATIONS TO DATE AVERAGE ANNUAL PROPANE USE
GENERAL OBSERVATIONS FROM THE PHES EVALUATIONS TO DATE June 18, 2009 AVERAGE ANNUAL PROPANE USE 1 AVERAGE ANNUAL ELECTRICITY USE THERMAL IMAGING 2 Overview of the improvement options recommended Note:
More informationA Primer for Air Dryer Selection
HYDRAULICS EXTRACTED FROM NOVEMBER 1980 & PNEUMATICS UPDATED JUNE 2015 A Primer for Air Dryer Selection Energy and maintenance costs are key factors in choosing these important components By Charles Henderson,
More informationCOMPOST BEDDED PACK BARNS AS A LACTATING COW HOUSING SYSTEM
COMPOST BEDDED PACK BARNS AS A LACTATING COW HOUSING SYSTEM Jef frey Bewley Randi Black Flavio Damasceno Elizabeth Eckelkamp George Day Joe Taraba Compost Bedded Pack Barn Concept Loose-housing with large,
More informationCompost Dairy Barns: An Alternative Dry Manure Housing System
Compost Dairy Barns: An Alternative Dry Manure Housing System Kevin Janni, Ph.D. Livestock and Poultry Environmental Learning Center 18 January 2008 Compost Dairy Barn First one in Minnesota built in 2001
More informationFan Selection. and Energy Savings
Fan Selection and Energy Savings Reducing power consumption by minimizing system pressure loss and choosing the right equipment HBy BRIAN MLEZIVA Greenheck Fan Corp. Schofield, Wis. Power Consumption HVAC
More informationi ;, ct. 6 COSTS OF DRYING AND STORING SHELLED CORN ON ILLINOIS FARMS I_(t e_
(; 3(1 1 7 I_(t e_ ct. 6 COSTS OF DRYING AND STORING SHELLED CORN ON ILLINOIS FARMS R.B. Schwart and L.D. Hill i ;,...., : JHE LIBRARY OF THE : NOV 1 5 1977 l. I ' r I ' f. I.UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS.URBANA
More informationIf pre-approval is required - work with your Energy Advisor to obtain pre-approval prior to purchasing equipment.
REMINDER! AGRICULTURE, SCHOOLS AND GOVERNMENT PROGRAM Submit your prescriptive application within 60 days of installation. OVERVIEW 2017 SUMMARY OF SERVICES AND INCENTIVES FOR AGRICULTURE, SCHOOLS AND
More informationH EDRICK ASSOCIATES OF GRAND RAPIDS West Michigan s Factory Representative
A U.S. Environmental Protection Agency survey released in 2007 concluded that IT data centers consumed 61 billion kw of electricity at a total cost of $4.5 billion in 2006. As energy costs continue to
More informationIn the past, contractors sized heating and cooling systems GETTING HVAC RIGHT
GETTING HVAC RIGHT Calculating loads is just the first step. For a trouble-free system that s long on comfort, you need to specify the equipment, design the ductwork, and make certain everything is correctly
More informationDairy Housing Milking Centre Design and Construction for Parlour Milking
Dairy Housing Milking Centre Design and Construction for Parlour Milking H. House Factsheet 15-021 agdex 410/721 June 2015 MILKING CENTRE DESIGN Design your milking centre around the type and size of milking
More informationAutomation for feed efficiency
Automation for feed efficiency DeLaval Optifeeding system Your solution every day DeLaval Optifeeding system Balancing the scales Regular frequent delivery of specific feed rations is essential for dairy
More informationCompressed Air Systems. Scott Wetteland, CEM, DNV GL July 2018
Compressed Air Systems Scott Wetteland, CEM, DNV GL July 2018 1 Free technology Smart networked thermostats Free equipment and installation Centralized management of heating and cooling equipment Monitor
More informationExercise 8. Controlling a Batch Mixing Process EXERCISE OBJECTIVE
Exercise 8 Controlling a Batch Mixing Process EXERCISE OBJECTIVE To create a ladder program for controlling a batch mixing process. To test program operation through the completion of verification steps.
More informationComputing Services Center
Continuous Commissioning Report for the Computing Services Center Building #516 Submitted to: Utilities Energy Office Physical Plant Department Texas A&M University Prepared by: Energy Systems Laboratory
More informationBASE LEVEL AUDIT REQUIREMENTS REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS 1. SITE DATA COLLECTION. Business Name. Site physical address (Street, Suburb, City)
BASE LEVEL AUDIT REQUIREMENTS REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS 1. SITE DATA COLLECTION Business Name Site physical address (Street, Suburb, City) Nature of site / business operation Electricity Supplier Power factor
More informationDo-It-Yourself Home Energy Audit Checklist
Do-It-Yourself Home Energy Audit Checklist This energy audit checklist is a simple procedure that will allow you to appraise the energy efficiency of your home. By completing the energy audit checklist
More informationUSING THE DELAVAL ROBOT SAMPLER
USING THE DELAVAL ROBOT SAMPLER DeLaval Robot Sampler Page 1 DeLaval Check List First time start-up settings done? Are milk lines through all pinch values? Is air pressure to the sampler correct? Is sampler
More informationUnion County Vocational - Technical Schools Scotch Plains, New Jersey
SECTION 230593 - TESTING, ADJUSTING, AND BALANCING FOR HVAC PART 1 - GENERAL 1.1 SUMMARY A. Section Includes: 1. Balancing Air Systems: a. Constant-volume air systems. b. Variable-air-volume systems. 2.
More informationDeLaval solutions for cooling cows
DeLaval solutions for cooling cows Creating a comfortable climate for relaxed cows Mechanically ventilated barn A well ventilated dairy housing structure, whether for newborn calves or lactating cows,
More informationEnergy Impacts of Compressed Air
The Overlooked: Water 101/Plug Loads/Process Energy Impacts of Compressed Air Rusty Friend AMEC Foster Wheeler August 14, 2017 Tampa Convention Center Tampa, Florida Energy Impacts of Compressed Air Energy
More informationBRINE CIRCULATED ICE THERMAL STORAGE SYSTEM DESIGN - CASE ILLUSTRATION - Partial Ice Storage for Air Conditioning Application
1 BRINE CIRCULATED ICE THERMAL STORAGE SYSTEM DESIGN - CASE ILLUSTRATION - Partial Ice Storage for Air Conditioning Application By: T. S. Wan Date: Oct. 7, 1995 Copy Right 1995 by T. S. Wan All rights
More informationMILK DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL
MILK DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL Bulk Milk Tanking Cooling Efficiency Project No. 95/R1/19 1. SUMMARY...1 2. INTRODUCTION...2 3. SITE SELECTION...3 3.1 OVERVIEW OF DIFFERENT COOLING SYSTEMS... 3 3.1.1 Tank type...3
More informationInstructions for using the Kill a Watt device in the derivation of a personal carbon footprint.
Instructions for using the Kill a Watt device in the derivation of a personal carbon footprint. Lesson 7 Objective: The goal of this activity is to make students aware of the cost (monetarily and environmentally)
More informationEnergy Efficient Fan and Dust Collection Systems
Workgroup Meeting September 2014 Energy Efficient Fan and Dust Collection Systems Peter Kleinhenz, PE pkleinhenz@gosustainableenergy.com Basics: Where are Significant Fan Loads? Basics: Where Does Fan
More informationNET ENERGY WATER LOOPS A clear path to net zero energy buildings
Presents NET ENERGY WATER LOOPS A clear path to net zero energy buildings Alan Niles WaterFurnace International This ASHRAE Distinguished Lecturer is brought to you by the Society Chapter Technology Transfer
More informationPRESSURE-ENTHALPY CHARTS AND THEIR USE By: Dr. Ralph C. Downing E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc. Freon Products Division
INTRODUCTION PRESSURE-ENTHALPY CHARTS AND THEIR USE The refrigerant in a refrigeration system, regardless of type, is present in two different states. It is present as liquid and as vapor (or gas). During
More informationLow-Income Refrigerator Replacement Selecting the Worst of the Worst
Low-Income Refrigerator Replacement Selecting the Worst of the Worst Jim Mapp, Wisconsin Division of Energy, Madison, WI Jim Cavallo, Kouba-Cavallo Associates, Downers Grove, IL Rick Morgan, Morgan Marketing
More informationIncentive & Measure Specifications
Incentive & Measure Specifications Commercial Energy Solutions EasySave Program Prescriptive Incentives RETROFIT LIGHTING Incandescent to LED Lighting T12/T8 Fluorescent Tubes to LED Tubes HID to LED Fixtures
More informationCompressed Air Systems
Compressed Air Systems February 27, 2018 - Reno, Nevada Instructor: Scott Wetteland Jared Carpenter, DNV GL July, 2016 1 Free Technology Smart Networked Thermostats Free equipment and installation Centralized
More informationSUMMARY OF SERVICES & INCENTIVES
BUSINESS PROGRAMS 2016 SUMMARY OF SERVICES & INCENTIVES Effective through December 31, 2016 Last updated February 1, 2016 EFFICIENCY INCENTIVES SUMMARY The Focus on Energy Business Programs offer both
More informationGuardian II Pipeline Washer B Instruction Supplement
Guardian II Pipeline Washer B Instruction Supplement P.O. Box 8050 Madison, WI 53708 608-222-3484 Contents Introduction... 2 1. New Features... 2 1.1 Password For Setup... 2 1.2 Delay... 2 1.3 Date & Time
More informationSERVICE ASSISTANT OVERVIEW FDSI Online Training
Author: Dale T. Rossi Online Editor: Zachary Williams SERVICE ASSISTANT OVERVIEW FDSI Online Training May 5, 2009 Table Service Assistant Description... 2 Installing the Main Unit... 3 Ambient Temperature...
More informationELECTRIC WATER HEATERS
ELECTRIC WATER HEATERS SAVE MONEY AND ENERGY WITH AN ELECTRIC WATER HEATER Whether you re replacing a furnace or water heater, choosing new appliances, or building a new home, how well you use energy has
More informationHome Energy Assessment Report
Home Energy Assessment Report Prepared for Prepared by Nathaniel Dick 50 Washington St Westborough, MA 01581 Assessment Date Powered by Conservation Services Group Assessment Summary About Your Home Year
More informationEASY WAYS TO SAVE ENERGY AND MONEY
101 EASY WAYS TO SAVE ENERGY AND MONEY 717/334-9211 888/232-6732 adamsec.coop facebook.com/adamsec 101ways_Booklet_5.5x8.5.indd 1 HOME ENERGY USE WHERE DOES YOUR ENERGY GO? REFRIGERATION HEATING & COOLING
More informationDairy Focus at Illinois Newsletter. Summer is around the corner make sure your cows don t get stressed. Volume 3, Number 3
Volume 3, Number 3 Summer is around the corner make sure your cows don t get stressed The principal functions of ventilation systems are to remove stale, moist air and bring in clean and fresh air. An
More informationCOMMERCIAL ENERGY SAVINGS GUIDE
COMMERCIAL ENERGY SAVINGS GUIDE www.touchstoneenergy.com/bea www.touchstoneenergy.com/bea USING ENERGY MORE EFFICIENTLY IMPROVES YOUR BOTTOM LINE. Cooperatives and their commercial members share a common
More informationDX Units. Ranging from 15 to 750 tons and 1,000 to 300,000+ CFM
D Units Ranging from 15 to 750 tons and 1,000 to 300,000+ CFM INDUSTRY-LEADING HVAC MANUFACTURER Nortek Air Solutions is the largest custom HVAC manufacturer in North America, with a combined total of
More informationD-PAC. Digital Precise Air Control System. Functionality Factory Testing Ease of Installation Ease of Maintenance Energy Efficiency
Digital Precise Air Control System D-PAC Functionality Factory Testing Ease of Installation Ease of Maintenance Energy Efficiency AAON 24 South Yukon Avenue Tulsa, Oklahoma 747 (918) 583-2266 Fax (918)
More informationRefrigerated Air Dryers
Refrigerated Air Dryers Dual Control and Demand Manager Series 600-3000 scfm Energy Saving Refrigerated Dryers A Choice of Two Because compressed air demand fluctuates in some applications and is relatively
More informationManure Pit Ventilation in Confinement Livestock Buildings
Purdue University Purdue e-pubs Historical Documents of the Purdue Cooperative Extension Service Department of Agricultural Communication 9-24-2015 Manure Pit Ventilation in Confinement Livestock Buildings
More informationSAVNGENERGY. On WA Dairy Farms. DAIRY Saving Energy on WA Dairy Farms 1. Western
SAVNGENERGY On WA Dairy Farms This project was jointly funded through a collaboration between Dairy Australia, Western Dairy, and Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry Western DAIRY Saving
More informationNedap Cow Positioning with integrated Heat Detection and Health Monitoring
UK System Infosheet with integrated Heat Detection and Health Monitoring Labour efficiency is a constant point for attention at the continuously expanding dairy farms of today: how can we work in an optimally
More informationContact-Cooled Rotary Screw Air Compressors. R-Series kw ( hp)
Contact-Cooled Rotary Screw Air Compressors R-Series 37-160 kw (50-200 hp) A Tradition of Proven Reliability, Efficiency and Productivity Over 100 Years of Compressed Air Innovation Ingersoll Rand introduced
More informationINTRODUCTION HVAC BASICS AND HVAC SYSTEM EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT SECTION O 4/19/2012
HVAC BASICS AND HVAC SYSTEM EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT SECTION O INTRODUCTION HVAC systems or Heating, Ventilating and Air-Conditioning systems control the environment for people and equipment in our facilities.
More informationcompressed air or left to consume air even when the associated production machine has been turned off.
SToP operating BlIND USE A FlowMETER By Ron Marshall for the Compressed Air Challenge c Participants of Compressed Air Challenge s Fundamentals of Compressed Air Systems seminars are usually surprised
More informationDual-Purpose Air Conditioner
Union College Union Digital Works Honors Theses Student Work 6-2017 Dual-Purpose Air Conditioner Bo DuBois Union College - Schenectady, NY Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses
More informationUse words from the list to complete the following sentences. Words may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
Q1. The diagram shows an experimental solar-powered bike. A battery is connected to the solar cells. The solar cells charge up the battery. There is a switch on the handlebars. When the switch is closed,
More informationGrain and Soybean Drying on Georgia Farms
Grain and Soybean Drying on Georgia Farms Table of Contents Principles of Grain Drying... 3 Drying Methods... 3 Moisture Levels for Safe Storage... 4 Equilibrium Moisture Content... 5 Bin Batch Drying...
More informationEnergy Management and Controls
As with the Chapter Review Tests and the Final Exam, the tests your understanding of the materials underlying the learning objectives. After you ve reviewed your answers to the Chapter Review Tests, try
More informationFans: Features and Analysis
Technical Development Program COMMERCIAL HVAC EQUIPMENT Fans: Features and Analysis PRESENTED BY: Michael Ho Version 1.2 Menu Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5 Section 6 Section 7 Section
More informationTWO- AND THREE-STAGE CASCADE REFRIGERATION SYSTEM By: Paul B. Reed
INTRODUCTION Service Application Manual Mechanical refrigerating systems in most common use fall into three classes as far as the temperatures of the evaporators are concerned: 1. High temperatures, with
More informationHigh Efficiency Hay Production The Importance of Matching Equipment
Mismatched Equipment Creates Bottlenecks From Hay & Forage Grower Magazine High Efficiency Hay Production The Importance of Matching Equipment - In an article written by Amanda Smith, she brings to light
More informationHeat Exchangers in Swine Facilities
Heat Exchangers in Swine Facilities Originally published as PIH-124. Authors Larry D. Jacobson, University of Minnesota Martin L. Hellickson, Oregon State University Jay D. Harmon, Iowa State University
More informationA Technical Introduction to Cool Thermal Energy Storage Commercial Applications
A Technical Introduction to Cool Thermal Energy Storage Commercial Applications Cool Thermal Energy Storage is a new application of an old idea that can cut air conditioning energy costs in half while
More informationSmart Grid Tables. Exploring the Electrical Infrastructure Grades 9-12
Smart Grid Tables Exploring the Electrical Infrastructure Grades 9-12 Exploration 1 1. There are three power plants represented on the end of the grid table. List them here. Estimate how much (%) of the
More informationThe U.S. Appliance Standards Program. Building Technologies Office Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy United States Department of Energy
The U.S. Appliance Standards Program Building Technologies Office Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy United States Department of Energy AGENDA 1 2 3 IMPACT OF APPLIANCE STANDARDS PROGRAM HISTORY AND
More informationSYNOPSIS. Part-Load Control Strategies for Packaged Rooftop Units. In this issue... Bin Hour Profile Charlotte, NC
VOLUME ONE NUMBER THREE SYNOPSIS A N H V A C N E W S L E T T E R F O R B U I L D I N G O W N E R S A N D M A N A G E R S In this issue... Part-Load Strategies Why they re important.......... 1 What Things
More informationHybrid Refrigerated/Desiccant Compressed Air Dryers
Hybrid Refrigerated/Desiccant Compressed Air Dryers This paper first appeared at the 2013 World Energy Engineering Congress Wayne Perry, Senior Technical Director David Phillips, Air Treatment Product
More informationENERGY EFFICIENCY PROJECTS. NO-COST AND LOW-COST UPGRADES FOR YOUR FACILITY In partnership with: Refrigerating Engineers & Technicians Association
ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROJECTS NO-COST AND LOW-COST UPGRADES FOR YOUR FACILITY In partnership with: Refrigerating Engineers & Technicians Association INTRODUCTION Save Money, Improve Operations Today s refrigeration
More informationSelecting Fans and Determining Airflow for Grain Drying and Storage
Proceedings of the Integrated Crop Management Conference Proceedings of the 1993 Integrated Crop Management Conference Dec 2nd, 12:00 AM Selecting Fans and Determining Airflow for Grain Drying and Storage
More informationEnergy Audits. Central Wisconsin Electric Cooperative.
Energy Audits We are pleased to offer our members two home energy audit options. We would like to help you save money on your electric bill by looking for ways to control your energy use. The best way
More informationDeLaval parallel parlors. Throughput in the fast lane
DeLaval parallel parlors Throughput in the fast lane The more relaxed the cow, the faster the cow-flow Complete solutions for higher throughput Throughput in the fast lane: if you want to achieve smooth
More informationStrategies for Building Energy Efficiency
Strategies for Building Energy Efficiency Ben Sliwinski Technical Director SEDAC University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign How Buildings Use Energy Building Envelope (Walls, Roof, Windows, Floors) Lighting
More informationUrbana Free Library HVAC Analysis. Prepared for the Urbana Free Library. Prepared by Paul Boland, P.E., and Nathan Alderman, E.I.T.
Urbana Free Library HVAC Analysis Prepared for the Urbana Free Library Prepared by Paul Boland, P.E., and Nathan Alderman, E.I.T. Report Dated August 8, 2016 1. Introduction The Urbana Free Library is
More informationBuilding and Remodeling to Save Energy 1
Fact Sheet EES-35 November 1992 Building and Remodeling to Save Energy 1 Gary D. Cook 2 Home energy conservation measures that save money on utility bills are particularly important in Florida. Utility
More informationDevelopment Of A Low-Cost Heat Pump Water Heater For Residential Applications
Development Of A Low-Cost Heat Pump Water Heater For Residential Applications Robert A. Zogg, Arthur D. Little, Inc., Cambridge, MA Edward Barbour, Arthur D. Little, Inc., Washington, DC Brian J. Nowicki,
More informationReducing Energy Use in Grain Dryers
Reducing Energy Use in Grain Dryers J. Dyck, P. Eng. FACTSHEET 17-001 Agdex 111/736 january 2017 (replaces OMAFRA factsheet 88-003, Reclaiming Corn Drying Energy) INTRODUCTION Are you paying too much to
More information