1103 Period 12: Power

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1 Name Section Activity 12.1: 1) Measuring Power: 1103 Period 12: Power How Much Power Do Appliances Require? a) Connect the small hand-cranked generator to the 4-bulb tray. Compare how easily the crank turns when 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 bulbs are lit. When is the crank easiest to turn and most difficult to turn? b) Use a wattmeter to measure the power requirements of the light bulb, the hair dryer on low and high settings, the toaster, and mixer. Record your measurements and compare them to the power requirements (the wattage) listed on the appliances. Appliance Power Measurement Appliance Wattage Light bulb, incandescent Light bulb, compact fluor. Hair dryer (high) Hair dryer (low) (no wattage rating is given) Toaster Mixer 2) Electric Drill: a) Measure the power requirement of the drill. b) Measure again while squeezing the drill bit with the hand clamp. c) Explain any difference in power requirements. 71

2 Activity 12.2: How Much Power Do You Use for Daily Activities? 3) The Stairs: Using the classroom stairs, a timer, a meter stick, and the scale, find the power a person requires to climb the stairs. a) Measure the person s weight in newtons ( 1 lb = 4.45 newtons). b) Measure the height of the stairs in meters (1 ft = m). c) Measure the time in seconds needed to climb the stairs. d) Calculate the person s gain in potential energy from climbing the stairs. e) How much work was done against the force of gravity to climb the stairs? f) How much power was required when doing this work? g) Is the total power the person produced while climbing the stairs more, less, or equal to this amount? Explain your answer: h) Suppose a student weighing 160 pounds climbs a stairway with a vertical height of 4 feet in 2 seconds. How many horsepower are required? (Hint: 1 hp = 550 ft-lbs/s) 4) The Bike: Using the exercise bike connected to several 50 watt bulbs and a timer, find how much energy is required to light the bulbs. a) How many bulbs were lit? How many watts is this? b) How long were the bulbs lit? c) How much energy did this require? d) Was the total energy you expended pedaling the bike the same, more, or less than the energy needed to light the bulbs? Explain your answer. 72

3 Name Section Activity 12.3: How Much Does Electricity Cost? 5) Measuring Electricity with a Kilowatt-hour Meter a) Plug a hair dryer into the kilowatt-hour meter and describe what happens to the meter when the dryer is set on low. b) What happens when the dryer is changed to high? c) How long must a 1,000 watt clothes dryer be connected to a kilowatt-hour meter before the meter reading increases by one kilowatt-hour? 6) Calculating the Cost of Electricity Your Electric Bill a) Examine an electric bill. How many kilowatt-hours of electricity were used? b) What was the total cost of the electricity used? c) Calculate the cost of electricity used per kilowatt-hour 7) Conserving Electricity Your instructor will demonstrate a compact fluorescent and an incandescent bulb. Compare the brightness of the bulbs. a) How many watts of power does each bulb use? Compact fluorescent Incandescent b) If electricity costs $0.10 per kilowatt-hour, how much money does the compact fluorescent bulb save compared to the incandescent bulb when used for 1,200 hours? Compact fluorescent: Incandescent: c) Explain why the compact fluorescent requires less energy to produce the same amount of light. 73

4 Activity 12.4: What Is Payback Time? 8) Payback Time Your instructor will demonstrate a model windmill electric generator used to light 4 bulbs. a) If a real backyard windmill could generate an average of 628 watts of power, how many kilowatt-hours of energy could this windmill in continuous operation generate each year? b) Suppose that you have been given the choice of purchasing electricity or generating your own electricity using a backyard windmill. Answer the questions below to find how much money could you save in 10 years by using the windmill as your only source of electric power. 1) If electricity costs $0.12 per kilowatt hour and you use 5,500 kwh per year, how much would you pay for 10 years of purchased electricity? 2) If the windmill costs $3,000 to purchase and install and $200 per year for upkeep, how much would it cost you to generate your own electricity? 3) How much money (if any) would the windmill save you after 10 years? 4) Is the payback time for the windmill more or less than 10 years? c) Group Discussion Question: Using the cost estimates for appliance use in Table 12.1 in your textbook, which types of device cost the most to use? What do these devices have in common? 74

5 Name Section Period 12 Exercises: Power Write answers to the questions below. Show your mathematical steps and the units of the quantities. This sheet with your answers should be turned in at the beginning of Period Using ratios to find the cost of electricity: An 850 watt microwave oven is used an average of 30 minutes per day. a) How many hours is this microwave used each year? b) In one year, how many kilowatt-hours of electrical energy are required to operate this microwave? c) If electricity costs 12 cents per kilowatt hour, how much does it cost per year to operate this microwave for one year? 2. Comparing costs of appliances: You are deciding between two brands for your new refrigerator. The more efficient Kwik Frost costs $1,100 to purchase and $100 per year to operate. The less efficient Kool Master costs $975 to purchase and $160 per year to operate. a) If you choose the more efficient Kwik Frost, how much money will you save after one year? b) If you choose the Kwik Frost, how much money will you save after five years? 3. Calculating payback time: An energy efficient air conditioner costs $1,200 to purchase, and a less efficient air conditioner costs $900. The energy efficient air conditioner saves $60 per year in operating costs. How long is the payback time for the energy efficient air conditioner? 75

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