Laboratory Evaluation of Hybrid and Advanced Water Heaters: Performance Overview in Hot Humid Climate

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1 Laboratory Evaluation of Hybrid and Advanced Water Heaters: Performance Overview in Hot Humid Climate American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy ACEE Hot Water Forum Nov. 4-5, 2013 Carlos J. Colon A Research Institute of the University of Central Florida

2 Hot Water Systems (HWS) Laboratory FSEC Grounds, Florida (east coast) 2009 Present (Currently fourth testing rotation) 2

3 Hot water gallons Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Inlet Water Weighted Avg. (F) HWS Lab. Testing Conditions, Cocoa, FL 120 F Thermostat Setting gpm flowrate Real mains inlet water and ambient temperature Hot water draw schedules ASHRAE (64.3 gpd) NREL/BA (varies monthly) BA_Jan ASH 90.2 BA_Jul January February March April May June July August September October November December NREL/BA High = 67 Low= 42 Average 54.8 gpd 3

4 Hot Water Systems Laboratory, Cocoa, FL High Efficiency Systems Evaluation Baseline Electric 50 Gal. EF=0.91 Basleine Nat. Gas 40 Gal. EF=0.59 Retrofit HPWH +Solar Col Diff. 80 gal / 40 ft 2 dc pump (w/ps) ICS 40 gallon + Integrated 50 Gallon HPWH Solar Col Diff. 80 gal/40 ft 2 dc pump (PV) + Tankless NG condense Std 50 Gal. Electric w/cap-wrap Orange labels indicate Electric Hybrid Integrated systems (2012). 4

5 COP Hot Water Draw Schedule Impact on Efficiency Standard Electric 50-gallon Water Heater EF=0.91 Smaller draws during summer - Reduced deltat ( T) due to seasonality of Inlet water temperatures. Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug ASHRAE NREL BA 5

6 COP Efficiency 50 gal. HPWH Efficiency by Draw Pattern ⁰F Dip 68.5 ⁰F Dip Ash 90.2 NREL/BA Lab Temp 0 Jun Aug Oct Dec Feb Apr Jun Aug

7 GE Heat Pump Water Power Consumption 52 ⁰F Heating element = 2.4% Compressor 1667 hrs/yr (Average = 4.6 hrs/day) 7

8 Standard Electric vs HPWH (50 gal.) Daily Outlet Temperatures Compared * ASHRAE Draws NREL/BA Draws Indicates shortage of capacity due to slow recovery of Heat Pump * Temperatures are weighted averaged by volume 8

9 Hybrid Integrated Collector Storage with Heat Pump Water Heater Compressor operation Reduced by ~650 hrs/yr gallons 40 gallons on Roof 9

10 Hybrid Solar Thermal Collector with Retrofit Heat Pump Water Heater Heating Element Disconnected 10

11 Coefficient of Performance (COP) Solar Augmented HPWH vs HPWH ICS_HPWH SOL_AIRTAP HPWH Only 2 1 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan 11

12 Performance History of Electric-Based Water Heaters at FSEC HWS Laboratory (Cocoa, FL) kwh/day Electric Reduction ICS+Int HPWH Sol+Ret HPWH < 2 kwh/day! 78% 75% HPWH % Sdiff/PV Pump % Sdiff/AC Pump % ICS+ 50 gal % Tankless E 7 8% E-50 Cap/Ins 7.3 4% Baseline E kilowatt-hours / day 12

13 Performance History of Electric Water Heaters at FSEC HWS Laboratory (Cocoa, FL) ICS40 + HPWH 50 Sol80+Ret HPWH HPWH-80* HPWH-60* HPWH-50 Sdiff 80 PV Pump Sdiff 80 AC Pump Solar 80 Polymer* ICS40 + E-50 gal Tankless E E-50 Cap/Ins E Efficiency (COP) [EF or SEF] [N/A] [N/A] [2.4] [2.4] [2.35] [2.8] [3.5] [N/A] [2.4] [0.98] [0.91+] [0.91] * Denotes systems in current 2013 testing rotation; 5-month of data only 13

14 Daily Average Weighted Hot Water Delivered Temperatures All Draws (⁰F) NREL/BA (⁰F) Min. Delivered (⁰F) Max. Delivery (⁰F) Electric Std. - 50gal ICS+Integrated HPWH HPWH 50 gal Solar 80 +Retrofit HPWH Baseline Std. NG - 40 gal Tankless Condensing NG Tankless NG Solar 80 gallon + Tankless Cond. NG Standard heaters provide Best Overall Consistent Hot water temperature delivery 14

15 kwh/day Simulations for Electric HPWH Atlanta, Georgia Gal. HPWH EF = 2.35 Std. Electric 50 Gal Living Garage Basement ********* * Living Garage Basement 0 * Does not reflect building heating penalty during winter season (+94 kwh) Simulations Performed using BEopt 2.0 Two-story home 1500 ft 2, 130 F setting 15

16 Average Hourly Site Energy Demand (kbtu/hr.) kilowatts (kw) Standard vs. Hybrid Water Heaters Average Daily Energy Demand Perspective Standard WH s Sol_Tnkless NG40 4 Tnkles_cond 3 1 E Hybrid WH s 0.5 HPWH ICS_HPWH

17 Larger Capacity: HPWH Improvement Areas Based on Consumer Feedback True gal. Tank Quiet Fan / Lower Noise Will ducting help with fan Noise? Heat element simultaneous with compressor operation Selective air ducting (3-way configuration) Ducting kit Cost Increment Real Time Clock (RTC) Timer to Allow compressor runtime schedule set by user Consumer Warranty, Service and Training Information. Easy access to maintenance: condense drain, filter, anode. Reliability: Refrigeration (Compressor/coils) Longevity Price/Reward Investment 17

18 Questions? Solar Thermal Polymer Glazed Collectors Hybrid Water Heaters Cap and Wrap (Argon-filled) Tank Insulation 18