Main components. Buying all components from same manufacturer or reseller it guarantees better compatible and service if something happens

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Gavin Moore
6 years ago
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1 Main components The bigger the need of heat output is. the bigger the components (storage. boiler. chimney etc.) In private houses the output need of the boiler is about kw and in farms from 60 kw- Fuel supply Fuel handling equipment Feeding equipment Combustion equipment Boiler Chimney Exhaust gas handling Ash handling Buying all components from same manufacturer or reseller it guarantees better compatible and service if something happens 1

Storage 500 1000 litres in private homes => filling manually => risk of dust and

lid and locks in it If the system works with one feeding screw.

there is a plate or a string for emptying Main principle for sizing the storage is

buildings the storage is few m 3 => filling with a tractor and front loader usually

2 Storage litres in private homes => filling manually => risk of dust and farmer's lung disease Made from steel/metal. lid and locks in it If the system works with one feeding screw. the storage must be airtight remember to shut the lid to avoid back fire In the bottom there is a plate or a string for emptying Main principle for sizing the storage is that it is big enough for two days using with maximum output In farms and bigger buildings the storage is few m 3 => filling with a tractor and front loader usually there is bar discharger (two rakes moving back and front) district heating plants have usually walking floor systems Photo: Ala-Talkkari Ltd. Photos: Thermia Ltd. 2

3 Fuel need bulk-m 3 / day ( in wintertime when maximum output is needed Output, kw Wood pellets bulk-m 3 Sod peat bulk-m 3 Wood chips bulk-m Example: Maximum output 300 kw, using wood chips. Refilling once/week => storage size (8.0 bulk-m 3 /day * 7 days ) = 56 bulk-m 3 3

4 Feeding screw Made of steel Usually one-screw or two-screw system. Gets the power from electric motor In a one-screw system, the burner head and the bottom of the fuel storage are in the same level The pipe around the screw can be rounded or square In small units usually pulse and pause based feeding system In bigger sites frequency transformer based system, i.e. feeding screw is moving all the time little by little Photo: Ala-Talkkari Ltd. 4

Two-screw system In a two-screw system there are more alternatives to connect them in different angles it has better back-fire protection, because there is free drop between

5 Two-screw system In a two-screw system there are more alternatives to connect them in different angles it has better back-fire protection, because there is free drop between screws In a two-screw system the end of the screw is in a higher position than the start. It also protects against the back-fire lock roller, lock-feeder Photo: Ala-Talkkari Ltd. 5

Burner head (stoker) Different models, usually round Made of iron.

air coefficient High air coefficient means lower efficiency Low CO-emissions (< 100

6 Burner head (stoker) Different models, usually round Made of iron. Bigger burners have also ceramic parts in it Possible to use wood chips, peat, pellets, briquettes A good burner head? Can reach a high temperature (up to 1000 C) better combustion, lower emissions Low air coefficient High air coefficient means lower efficiency Low CO-emissions (< 100 ppm) Low NO x -emissions Wide using range (20-100% of total output) Good back-fire protection Whole system Photo: Ala-Talkkari Ltd. Photos: Thermia Ltd. 6

7 Air fans (=blower) In small units there is only one blower to both primary and secondary air Primary air is fed from below the burner head (=or grate) Secondary air is fed right to the flame Adjusting manually by using own eyes The colour of flame must be orange red not transparent or blue; it indicates that there is too much air not red brown; it means that there is too little air adjusting manually by using own eyes Adjusting by using flue gas analyser better result Primary air Pictures: Thermia Ltd. Secondary air 7

Boiler Arimax 340 Bio is compatible with bio burner effective hot water spiral no need for an accumulator tank burning openings and cleaning hatches on both sides ceramic wall in fire chamber

8 Boiler Arimax 340 Bio is compatible with bio burner effective hot water spiral no need for an accumulator tank burning openings and cleaning hatches on both sides ceramic wall in fire chamber increases the boiler effectiveness clean and effective burning working pressure usually 1.5 bar negative pressure in burning chamber must be Pa Good boiler? Strong structure; made of steel (5-8 mm) High burning temperature (up to C ) Enough secondary air that pyrolysis gases can burn at last in the convection part Good insulation Small radiation losses Vertical convection part Photo: Ala-Talkkari Ltd. 8

9 Convection part Vertical convection part won't get dirty as easy as a horizontal one As the output of the boiler increases, the amount of flue gas rotations (goes up and down more times) increases also The convection part should decrease the exhaust gas temperature from C to at least C before the chimney 9

10 Chimney the diameter and length depend on the boiler output A 40 kw boiler needs a chimney with diameter 150 mm and height 5 m If there is one meter horizontal part after boiler and before vertical chimney There must be two meters higher chimney other possibility is to use flue gas fan made from steel or bricks especially when chimney can't be long enough 10

11 Chimney Natural draught No flue gas fan Output, kw , mm Height, m Depends on the flue gas fan (flow speed 16m/s) 11

12 Control system Tiimi 5301 control system has Flame control system feeding screw stops if the temperature drops down to an adjusted level (in this case ) Backfire control system runs the feeding screw ahead adjusted time (40 s) Overheating of the boiler system stops when temperature is higher than set level - usually 100 o C 12

13 Control system Tiimi 5301 control system has control the air fan (primary & secondary at the same time) Blows only during the pulse level (same time with feeding) controls the feeding; length of efficiency pulse and pause length of upkeep pulse and pause four basic programmes / levels for chips, pellets and peat check hysteresis between Upkeep and High operation level Efficiency / upkeep system (on / off system) - Works perfectly with steady output need and stabile fuel - Simple and profitable - In upkeep level the combustion is incomplete - Needs knowledge how to use and adjust 13

14 Energy measuring Shows the total produced amount of energy water temperatures of output into network and return from network amount of water flow produced energy at this moment (output kw) 14

15 Safety systems BACKFIRE Sensor in feeding screw which measures the temperature If it is higher than adjusted level, control system runs the feeding screw ahead for example seconds There is a piece of beeswax which will melt because of high temperature and the tank of water will douse the backfire It is quite usual nowadays that there is pressure water connected to the feeding screw (valve that opens in high temperature. works also in during electric blackout) In two-screw feeding system there is a free drop between screws It is also back fire protection Usually there is the lock roller, lock-feeder 15

16 Maintenance REMEMBER to USE GAS-MASK + clothes Boiler room Cleaning (once per month) and washing (once per year) Change broken lights etc. Storage grease the chains and bearings check that lid and locks are OK Feeding screw and air fans check that everything works Burner head Open the lid below the burner head. Clean it once per year by using metal stick brush the burner head a few times per year 16

17 Maintenance Boiler Sweep the combustion chamber a few times per year Sweep the convection part once per week 2 mm layer of ash in the convection part decreases the efficiency with 8 % Ash removal Manually in small scale units a couple of times per month By hands or by a vacuum cleaner In bigger heating plants there are automatic ash removal system (screw) Chimney Sweep couple of times per year. In Finland one of these sweepings must be done by the official chimney sweeper. Otherwise the fire insurance won t be in force 17

18 How to light the fire in the system 1. Set the control system in manual use 2. Feed the fuel in burner head by pressing screw feeding ahead 3. Light the fire using for example lighter fluid 4. When the fire is lit, switch on the air fan 5. Set the system in automatic use and make sure that it works properly 18

INSTALLATION AND OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS. Ariterm 60+

INSTALLATION AND OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS Ariterm 60+ CONTENTS General.... 2 Installation.... 4-5 Installation of temperature limit valve... 6 Measurements and connections... 7 Technical specifications and