Worldwide Marine and Offshore Services A GUIDE TO RS REFRIGERANTS FROM STAR INTERNATIONAL. Second Edition

Transcription

1 Worldwide Marine and Offshore Services A GUIDE TO RS REFRIGERANTS FROM STAR INTERNATIONAL Second Edition

2 STAR DISTRIBUTION CENTRES WORLDWIDE Argentina (to be opened shortly) Australia Bahrain Belgium Brazil (to be opened shortly) Canada China Cyprus Denmark Dubai France Germany Greece Hungary Holland Ireland Israel Italy Malaysia Netherlands Nigeria Philippines Poland Russia (to be opened shortly) Saudi Arabia Singapore South Africa Spain Sweden Thailand United Kingdom United States For more information visit our website:

3 Refrigerant Solutions Limited and Star International CONTENTS RS SERIES DROP-IN REFRIGERANT Page We have great pleasure in announcing that Star International (Part of the Star International Group of Companies) have become the World-Wide Marine & Offshore contact for the supply of all marine & offshore refrigerants from Refrigerant Solutions Limited. Refrigerant Solutions Limited, the refrigerants specialists, have recently published independently conducted test results, the tests were carried out by the University in Barcelona. Previously, the industry was only used to R12, R22 & R52, R22 being the last of the existing gases, as from 31st December 214 this was banned in all EC countries. As the industry became aware that R22 has been phased out and subsequently banned, the major producers came up with many new types of refrigerants, mostly called Four Hundred Series, what the University in Barcelona decided to do was find out which was the best refrigerant to use not only for today but the future, they named the existing refrigerants that are used, R47F, R47A, R44A, R57, R22 & (RS-5) R442A. The most important factor here is its showing R442A is as good, if not better than R22. RS Refrigerant Gases There are a number of different gases available and users should investigate thoroughly before committing themselves to a particular gas, mistakes tend to be expensive. Despite some claims, there is no single gas that can replace R22 in all applications. The RS series of refrigerants have been developed and manufactured in the UK. We have worldwide Support and A1 Safety Classification from ASHRAE. Refrigerant Solutions Limited and 1 Star International Star Refrigerants 2 RS Series of drop-inzero OPD refrigerants RS Blends 3 Refrigerants to replace R22 & R44A RS-24 4 Zero ODP drop in replacement for R12 RS-44 8 Zero ODP drop in replacement for R22 RS Replacement for R22 in air conditioning & refrigeration, it is a suitable replacement for R22 in flooded systems RS-5 15 Low global warming replacement for R44A, R57 and R22 in refrigeration RS Zero ODP drop in replacement for R22 at low temperatures, R52 and interim ozone depleting blends RS-7 23 All purpose low GWP Drop-in replacement for R22 in air conditioning & refrigeration European Commission F Gas Summary 27 Looking to the future of Refrigerants 29 To learn more about the product range please visit our website at: For more information visit our website: 1

4 Star Refrigerants - RS Series of drop-in zero ODP refrigerants All of the RS series of refrigerants are non ozone depleting with a safety classification of A1 and can be used both with traditional lubricants (eg mineral and alkyl benzene oils) and the new synthetic lubricants such as polyolnesters. They provide a simple and low cost method of switching away from CFCs and HCFCs including the interim ozone depleting blends. Cylinder - 13 Ltr Cylinder - 6 Ltr Disposables - DOT-39 Refrigerant: RS 24 R426A - Wt: 13kg Product No: 1171 Refrigerant: RS 44 R424A - Wt: 13kg Product No: 1169 Refrigerant: RS 45 R434A - Wt: 13kg Product No: 1113 Refrigerant: RS 5 R442A - Wt: 1kg Product No: 1178 Refrigerant: RS 52 R428A - Wt: 13kg Product No: 1173 Refrigerant: RS 7 R453A - Wt: 1kg Product No: 1186 Refrigerant: RS 24 R426A - Wt: 5kg Product No: 1172 Refrigerant: RS 44 R424A - Wt: 5kg Product No: 117 Refrigerant: RS 45 R434A - Wt: 5kg Product No: 1114 Refrigerant: RS 5 R442A - Wt: 5kg Product No: 1179 Refrigerant: RS 52 R428A - Wt: 5kg Product No: 1174 Refrigerant: RS 7 R453A - Wt: 5kg Product No: 1185 RS 24 R426A (Outside EC) - Wt 13kg Product No: 1183 RS 44 R424A (Outside EC) - Wt: 13kg Product No: 1182 RS 45 R434A (Outside EC) - Wt: 13kg Product No: 1181 RS 5 R442A (Outside EC) - Wt: 13kg Product No: 119 RS 52 R428A (Outside EC) - Wt: 13kg Product No: 1184 RS 7 (Outside EC) - Wt: 13kg Product No: 1191 *All disposable cylinders can only be supplied outside EU HFCs Refrigerants Cylinder - 13 Ltr Refrigerant: R134A - Wt: 13kg Product No: 114 Refrigerant: R44A - Wt: 1kg Product No: 116 Refrigerant: R47C - Wt: 13kg Product No: 118 Refrigerant: R417A - Wt: 1kg Product No: 1134 Refrigerant: R41A - Wt: 11kg Product No: 111 Refrigerant: R422A - Wt: 1kg Product No: 1168 Refrigerant: R422D - Wt: 11kg Product No: 1163 Refrigerant: R437A - Wt: 12kg Product No: 1113 Cylinder - 6 Ltr Refrigerant: R134A - Wt: 57kg Product No: 115 Refrigerant: R44A - Wt: 49kg Product No: 116 Refrigerant: R47C - Wt: 57kg Product No: 119 Refrigerant: R417A - Wt: 57kg Product No: 1133 Refrigerant: R41A - Wt: 48kg Product No: 1111 Refrigerant: R422A - Wt: 53kg Product No: 1166 Refrigerant: R422D - Wt: 52kg Product No: 1115 Refrigerant: R437A - Wt: 57kg Product No: 118 Additional Items Refrigerant: Ammonia Wt: 18 Ltr Product No: 1128 Recovery Cylinder Wt: 55.5 Ltr Product No: 1119 Retest and refurbishing of all refrigerants Cylinders/Tanks All cylinders are tested to the following standards: BS EN 1968 BS EN 183 BS EN 182 Retest/refurbishment Refrigerant Cylinder Retest - up to 6L Product No: 1123 High Pressure Cylinder Retest - up to 5L Product No: 113 Internal Shot blast Product No: 1175 Internal Oil Wash Product No: 1122 External Prime and Top Coat Product No: 1187 External Blast, Prime & Top Coat Product No: 1188 Assemble and Supply Vapour / Liquid Valves Product No: 1189 Refrigerant Processing Oil/Water/Nitrogen Product No: 1176 Removal Distillation Product No: 1177 Waste Product/Refrigerants Product No: 1126 Disposal 2 For more information visit our website:

5 RS Blends Refrigerants to replace R22 & R44A General All the RS range of refrigerants, with the exception of RS-5 (R442A) can be used with traditional lubricants (eg mineral oil) and also polyol ester oils (POE). RS-24 R426A R12 DROP-IN RS-24 (R426A) Zero ODP Drop-in Replacement for R12 No oil change required, compatible with all lubricants. The easy and long-term solution to replacing R12. RS-44 R424A R22 DROP-IN RS-45 R434A R22 DROP-IN RS-44 (R424A) Predominantly air conditioning applications. Medium to high temperatures. Evaporating down to -1 C. Suitable in fixed orifice systems & also with an expansion device. Low discharge pressure which makes RS-44 particularly suitable for high ambient temperatures. RS-45 (R434A) Primarily for refrigeration applications at medium to low temperatures down to -35 C. Proven suitable replacement for R22 in flooded systems with low temperature glide. RS-5 R442A RS-5 (R442A) Low GWP Drop-in replacement for R44A & R57 with higher efficiency and capacity. Can also replace R22 at low temperature with change of lubricant to POE. RS-52 R428A R22 & R52 DROP-IN ZERO ODP RS-7 R453A R22 DROP-IN RS-52 (R428A) Drop-in replacement for the range of ozone depleting blends including R42A, R44B, R43B, R48A and R411B. RS-7 (R453A) Suitable for use in both air conditioning & refrigeration applications. Suitable for use in systems with a capillary or TXV with similar mass flow to R22. Lowest GWP Drop-in replacement for R22 on the market. Gas Cylinders Original refrigerants available through Star International Cylinder weights available for all gases: 13kg Disposable, 1kg/5kg Refillable. For our full range of gases please see page 24 of this brochure. R134A - 13kg / 57kg R44A - 1kg / 49kg R47C - 13kg / 57kg R47A - 11kg / 57kg R41A - 1kg / 49kg R417A - 12kg / 58kg R422D - 11kg / 52kg R57-1kg / 49kg Ordering information can be found on our website: For more information visit our website: 3

6 RS-24 R426A R12 DROP-IN RS-24 (R426A) Zero ODP Drop-in Replacement for R12 No oil change required Compatible with all lubricants The easy and long-term solution to replacing R12 Suitable for all applications including mobile air conditioning No need to change the existing lubricant avoiding expensive retrofit Avoids risks associated with a dirty retrofit using R134a and mineral oil The use of RS-24 enables oil return to the compressor No hardware changes required Avoids the use of hygroscopic and costly synthetic lubricants Lower discharge temperatures Zero ozone depletion potential Non-flammable An almost perfect performance match to replace R12 in vehicle air conditioning Available in returnable and disposable cylinders Suitable for new and existing plant and equipment Easy to recycle Drop-in and long-term R12 replacement RS-24 is an easy-to-use Drop-in replacement for R12. There is no need to change the existing lubricant in the system, thereby avoiding a costly retrofit. RS-24 also provides a long term solution to replacing R12 in most applications such as hermetic and semi-hermetic systems, domestic refrigerators, refrigerated transport, cold stores, cellar cooling, dairy chillers, vending machines and including mobile air conditioning. The properties of RS-24 make it an almost perfect match for R12 with its compatibility for traditional and synthetic lubricants, similar performance, lower discharge temperature, non-flammability and relatively short atmospheric lifetime. Performance relative to R12 is illustrated in charts 1, 2 and 3. It is this combination of properties which makes RS-24 unique as a replacement for R12 on the market today. Lubricants RS-24 can be used safely with both the traditional and new synthetic lubricants, and consequently there is no need to change the oil when replacing R12. RS-24 eliminates the risk of a compressor burn-out which can occur by simply replacing R12 with R134a without reducing the mineral oil content in the system to the recommended maximum 5%. Capacity kj/kg.m 3 Refrigeration: Capacity v Evaporator Temperature Discharge Temperature C R12 Capacity RS-24 Capacity Temperature Temperature The solubility of RS-24 in mineral oil enables oil return to the compressor Evaporator Temperature C Chart 1 4 For more information visit our website:

7 RS-24 R426A R12 DROP-IN Existing Equipment RS-24 can be charged into a refrigeration or air conditioning system previously operating on R12 without changing the oil or making any alterations to the equipment. Because RS-24 has a lower density than R12 (and R134a), less product is required than the R12 it replaces (typically 9%). With its ability to use traditional and synthetic lubricants. RS-24 makes a replacement the R12 in all applications simple, straightforward and cost effective. RS-24 should not be added to a system which still contains R12. New Equipment RS-24 is also suitable for use in new equipment as a zero ODP replacement for R12. Avoiding the use of expensive and hygroscopic lubricants reduces costs and significantly reduces the risk of ingress of moisture into the system. The Environment None of the components of RS-24 contains chlorine so that the refrigerant has no ability to deplete the ozone layer. As is the case with all hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), RS-24 does have a direct global warming potential (GWP), but this is counterbalanced by its lower Total Equivalent Warming Impact (TEWI) than R12. RS-24 has a relatively short atmospheric lifetime of approximately 15 years which is at the lower end of the main HFCs available today and compares to 12 years in the case of R12. Discharge Temperature C Discharge Temperature v Condenser Temperature Condenser Temperature C Safety RS-24 has been independently tested and meets the ASTM test of being non-flammable as formulated. The components of RS-24 have been subjected to toxicity tests carried out by the Programme for Alternative Fluorocarbon Toxicology (PAFT) and have been declared to be of low toxicity. Health and safety data is available on request. Mobile Air Conditioning: Capacity v Evaporator Temperature Capacity kj/kgm Servicing Evaporator Temperature C R12 capacity RS-24 capacity Because RS-24 is a blend, the recommendation is to charge the refrigerant into the system in liquid form. A full service and conversion guide is available on request. RS-24 in Low Temperature Refrigeration Chart 3 Under certain circumstances, at low evaporator temperatures, poor oil miscibility can result in problems with compressor lubrication. At evaporator temperatures below -2 C, migration of oil to the evaporator can result in a lack of lubrication in the compressor. If such conditions apply, then the recommendation is to change to a polyol ester lubricant to facilitate oil return to the compressor. There is no need to drain all the existing oil from the system. Simply remove as much of the mineral oil charge as is practicable and refill to the appropriate level using POE lubricant. Chart 2 For more information visit our website: 5

8 RS-24 R426A R12 DROP-IN Atmospheric lifetime Years R12 RS-24 Global warming potential GMP RS-24 Pressure-enthalpy Chart Pressure (bara) Key saturation line constant entropy line kj/kg.k constant temperature line C constant glide C constant specific volume m 3 /kg Reference State (IIR): For liquid at C Enthalpy = 2 kj/kg Entropy = 1kJ/kg.K Enthalpy (kj/kg) 6 For more information visit our website:

9 RS-24 R426A R12 DROP-IN RS-24 Physical Properties PROPERTY RS-45 R22 Molecular Weight Boiling Point (1 atm) C -28.6(1) F -19.5(1) Temperature glide C 4 Critical temperature C F Critical pressure kpa psia Liquid density at 25 C kg/m Density of saturated vapour at 25 C kg/m Specific heat of liquid at 25oC kj/kg C Specific heat of vapour at 1 atm and 25oC kj/kg C Vapour pressure at 25 C kpa 77(1) 643 psai 12.6(1) 93.3 Latent heat of vaporisation at boiling point kj/kg Ozone Depletion Potential ODP 1 Flammability limit in air (1 atm) vol% None None Inhalation exposure (8hr day and 4hr week) ppm 1 1 (1) Bubble point For more information visit our website: 7

10 RS-44 R424A R22 DROP-IN RS-44 (R424AA) Zero ODP Drop-in Replacement for R22 No oil change required Compatible with all lubricants HCFC 22 is a controlled substance under the Montreal Protocol and European Regulation and will be phased out on a global basis with all other HCFCs. HCFC 22 and all refrigerant blends containing HCFC 22 have been banned in Europe in new equipment and also for service work (reclaimed HCFC 22 was permitted but only until 214). In many other countries, HCFC 22 is subject to a rapidly tightening cutback schedule. In all territories, therefore, it is now time to consider the options for replacing HCFC 22 which will become restricted in availability as these cutbacks come into effect. RS-44 provides a low cost and easy solution to replacing HCFC 22 by avoiding a costly and technically unsatisfactory retrofit situation. By definition, any replacement for HCFC 22 must have no ozone depleting ability so that, in contrast to replacing CFCs (e.g. R12, R52) where there were interim blends available (largely containing HCFC 22) enabling the existing lubricant in the system to be used, this is not an option when seeking to replace HCFC 22. RS-44 has a zero Ozone Depletion Potential, a similar performance to HCFC 22 and can be used with all types of lubricants. Comparison with HCFC 22 Higher Coefficient of Performance Lower discharge temperature Zero Ozone Depletion Potential Non-flammable Lower discharge pressure Similar capacity Compatible with existing oils No hardware changes needed The lower head pressure obtained when using RS-44 provides significant operational benefits, while the higher Coefficient of Performance reduces energy costs and has a beneficial effect on the Total Equivalent Warming Impact (TEWI) of the whole system. The significantly lower discharge temperatures and pressures of RS-4 improve the reliability and extend the life of the compressor, and reduce the problem of oil decomposition Relative COPs of RS-44 and R-22 RS-44 R22 Window arc Food Cooler Heat Pump (cooling) Heat Pump (heating) 8 For more information visit our website:

11 RS-44 R424A R22 DROP-IN Lubricants RS-44 is compatible with both the traditional and new synthetic lubricants so that there is no need to change the oil when converting from HCFC 22 to RS-44. RS-44 is suitable for use with mineral, alkylbenzene and polyol ester lubricants. Applications RS-44 has been developed for use in all applications where HCFC 22 has traditionally been used including commercial air conditioning, commercial and industrial refrigeration, appliances and others. Discharge Temperature v Evaporator Temperature Discharge Temperature C Evaporator Temperature C Discharge Pressure v Condenser Temperature RS-44 R22 Safety RS-44 (R424A) has been awarded a safety classification of A1, namely of low toxicity and non flammable, by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). Servicing Discharge Pressure psig Condenser Temperature C RS-44 R22 Because RS-44 is a blend, it should be charged into the system in the liquid as opposed to vapour form. There is no need to make any hardware changes when converting from R22 to RS-44. For more information visit our website: 9

12 RS-44 R424A R22 DROP-IN RS-44 (R424A) Physical Properties PROPERTY RS-45 R22 Molecular weight Boiling point at 1 atm C -38.7(1) -4.8 F -37.6(1) Critical temperature C F Critical pressure bara psia Liquid density at 25 C kg/m Density of saturated vapour at 25 C kg/m Latent heat of vaporisation at boiling point kj/kg 196 (1) 234 Cv at 2 C and 1 bara kj/kg.k Cp at 25 C and 1 bara kj/kg.k Cp/Cv at 25 C and 1 bara Vapour pressure at 25 C bara 9.67 (1) 1.4 psia 14.2 (1) 151 Vapour viscosity at 25 C and 1 bara cp Liquid viscosity at 25 C cp Liquid thermal conductivity at 25 C W/m.K Surface tension at 25 C N/m Specific heat of liquid at 25 C kj/kg.k Ozone Depletion Potential ODP.55 Flammability limit in air (1 atm) vol% None None Inhalation exposure (8 hr day and 4 hr week) ppm 1 1 (1) Bubble point 1 For more information visit our website:

13 RS-45 R434A R22 DROP-IN RS-45 (R434A) Replacement for R22 in air conditioning & refrigeration and Near azeotropic replacement for R47C Compatible with mineral, alkyl benzene & polyol ester lubricants Zero ODP replacement for R22 in new & existing systems, & compatible with all lubricants RS-45 with its high cooling capacity compliments RS-44 (R424A), and is compatible with all types of lubricants. RS-45 replaces R22 in both refrigeration & air conditioning applications. With its low glide (one third of R47C), RS-45 can be used in a wide range of applications. RS-45 provides Original Equipment Manufacturers with an alternative to R47C but without the problems associated with a wide glide. RS-45 is compatible both with the traditional mineral & alkylbenzene oils, and also the new polyol ester lubricants. Consequently, R22 can be replaced by RS-45 in both new equipment & in retrofit situations offering considerable cost savings, where the cost of converting to alternatives such as R47C is either prohibitively expensive or technically unsatisfactory (or both). Performance Characteristics Suitable in OEM & retrofit applications Close match for R22 in cooling capacity Low temperature glide Near azeotropic property widens application range Compatible with MO, AB & POE lubricants Effective in low & high temperature applications Same compression ratio as R22 Application in systems with a variable expansion device Considerably lower discharge temperature than R22 Zero Ozone Depletion Potential Non flammable & low toxicity RS-45 Capacity & Coefficient of Performance Air conditioning COP R22 COP RS-45 COP Capacity kw/m R22 Capacity RS-45 Capacity Condensing Temperature C For more information visit our website: 11

14 RS-45 R434A R22 DROP-IN Applications Because RS-45 is a close match for R22 with similar cooling capacity, energy efficiency, pressures & low glide, it is suited for use in new equipment by Original Equipment Manufacturers where it has significant advantages over R47C. RS-45 does not suffer from the inherent disadvantages of R47C & presents OEMs with a realistic alternative when deciding on a replacement for R22. Owing to the fact that RS-45 is compatible with mineral & alkylbenzene lubricants, it is suitable for use as a Dropin replacement for R22 in systems which contain an expansion device. In systems with a capillary tube or fixed orifice, RS-44 (R424A) is the preferred product. Applications for RS-45 include but are not restricted to air conditioning, refrigerated transport, supermarkets, dairy chillers, cold stores, beer cellars, water chillers and others. RS-45 Capacity & Coefficient of Performance Refrigeration COP 1.5 R22 COP 15 Capacity k 1 RS-45 COP 1.5 R22 Capacity RS-45 Capacity Evaporating Temperature C Low Glide Alternative to R47C RS-45 is a near azeotropic blend with a glide of 1.5 C which compares to R47 s glide of 5 C. The high glide of R47C can result in icing up of the evaporator and fractionation of the blend which results in high pressures in the condenser and reduced performance. Consequently, the application range of R47C is limited and for example, is not suitable for use in flooded systems, chillers, low temperature refrigeration, refrigerated transport, cold stores and other applications. RS-45 overcomes these problems with its high cooling capacity, energy efficiency and near azeotropic features as well as being compatible not only with synthetic lubricants such as polyol esters but also mineral & alkylbenzene oils. RS-45 is suitable for use in both air conditioning and refrigeration applications Glide K RS-45 Glide R47C Glide RS-45 Glide Evaporator Glide R47C RS Evaporating Temperature C 12 For more information visit our website:

15 RS-45 R434A R22 DROP-IN Flooded Systems RS-45 has replaced HCFC 22 satisfactorily in flooded systems with very similar performance to HCFC 22. Compression Ratio High compression ratios can result in increased energy expenditure and the potential for compressor damage. RS-45 has a compression ratio which matches R22 across the range of applications where R22 is commonly found. Lubricants RS-45 is compatible with both the traditional and new synthetic lubricants so that there is no need to change the oil when converting from R22 to RS-45. RS-45 is suitable for use with mineral, alkylbenzene and polyol ester oils. COP Discharge Temperature: Refrigeration R22 COP RS-45 COP.5 R22 Discharge Evaporating Temperature Temperature C RS-45 Discharge Temperature Evaporating Temperature C Discharge Temperature C Safety RS-45 (R434A) has been awarded a safety classification of A1, namely of low toxicity and non flammable, by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). Servicing Because RS-45 is a blend, it should be charged into the system in the liquid as opposed to vapour form. There is no need to make any hardware changes when converting from R22 to RS-45 but there may be a need to adjust the expansion device. RS-45 (R434A) Pressure-enthalpy chart 1 Pressure (bara) Enthalpy (kj/kg).6 Key: saturation line constant entropy line kj/kg.k constant temperature line C constant specific volume m 3/kg Reference State (IIR): For liquid at C Enthalpy = 2 kj/kg Entropy = 1 kj/kg.k For more information visit our website: 13

16 RS-45 R434A R22 DROP-IN RS-45 (R434A) Physical Properties PROPERTY RS-45 R22 Molecular Weight Boiling point (1 atm) C (1) -4.8 F (1) Critical Temperature C F Critical Pressure bara psia Liquid Density (25 C) kg/m Density of saturated vapour (25 C) kg/m Latent Heat of Vaporisation at kj/kg 19 (1) 234 boiling point Cv (25 C & 1bara) kj/kg.k Cp (25 C & 1bara) kj/kg.k Vapour Pressure (25 C) bara 11.8 (1) 1.4 psia 163 (1) 151 Vapour Viscosity (25 C & 1 bara) cp Liquid Viscosity (25 C) cp Liquid Thermal Conductivity (25 C) W/m.K Surface Tension (25 C) N/m Specific heat of liquid (25 C) kj/kg.k Ozone Depletion Potential ODP.55 Flammability limit in air (1 atm) vol% none none Inhalation exposure (8 hour day ppm 1 1 & 4 hour week) (1) Bubble Point 14 For more information visit our website:

17 RS-5 R442A RS-5 (R442A) Low global warming replacement for R44A, R57 and R22 in refrigeration Low global warming & higher efficiency replacement for R44A & R57 RS-5 has a Global Warming Potential (GWP) of less than one half of R44A together with a higher efficiency which delivers energy savings and a lower contribution to global warming. RS-5 can be used to replace R44A in both new and existing equipment. Mass flow of RS-5 is lower than R44A and R57 so that reducing the opening of the expansion device may be required. No changes to other hardware are necessary. A significant increase in energy efficiency compared to R44A and R57 can be expected. Users will achieve a lower carbon footprint due to the lower direct GWP of the refrigerant and its inherent higher efficiency. Replacement for R22 in refrigeration applications RS-5 is a non ozone depleting and non flammable replacement for R22 in medium and low temperature refrigeration applications. The efficiency and cooling capacity of RS-5 provides a close match for R22 in overall system performance. Flow rate is identical to R22 which avoids the need to change or alter existing pipework. Performance Characteristics Suitable in OEM & retrofit applications Close match for R22 in cooling capacity Low temperature glide Near azeotropic property widens application range Compatible with MO, AB & POE lubricants Effective in low & high temperature applications Same compression ratio as R22 Application in systems with a variable expansion device Considerably lower discharge temperature than R22 Zero Ozone Depletion Potential Non flammable & low toxicity Global Warming Potentials Refrigerant Capacities Capacity (kj/m^3) R442A R44A R47A 1 5 R57 R44A R47A R442A Evaporating Temperature ( C) For more information visit our website: 15

18 RS-5 R442A Applications Because the properties of RS-5 are similar to R44A, it is suitable for use in many of the applications where R44A is commonly found including supermarket display cases, cold stores, freezers, refrigerated transport, ice machines, cold storage, transportation of foodstuffs, freezer cabinets, beer cellars, freeze dryers and environmental test chambers. R22 is also used in many of these refrigeration applications where RS-5 can be a suitable replacement. Applications Because the properties of RS-5 are similar to R44A, it is suitable for use in many of the applications where R44A is commonly found including supermarket display cases, cold stores, freezers, refrigerated transport, ice machines, cold storage, transportation of foodstuffs, freezer cabinets, beer cellars, freeze dryers and environmental test chambers. R22 is also used in many of these refrigeration applications where RS-5 can be a suitable replacement. Lubricants RS-5 is compatible with the same (POE) lubricants which are commonly used with R44A so that there is no need to change the oil when converting from R44A to RS-5. When replacing R22 with RS-5, the lubricant should be changed to a polyol ester oil. Safety RS-5 is non flammable under all conditions of fractionation as per ASHRAE Standard 34. The components of RS-5 have been subjected to toxicity tests carried out by Alternative Fluorocarbons Environmental Acceptability Study (AFEAS), and have been declared to be of low toxicity. RS-5 has been designated a refrigerant number of R442A by the ASHRAE with a safety classification of A1. Servicing Because RS-5 is a blend, it should be charged into the system in the liquid as opposed to vapour form. There is no need to make hardware changes when converting from R44A to RS-5 other than reducing the opening of the expansion device. Because RS-5 has a similar flow rate to R22, there is no need to adjust or change the expansion device during a retrofit. COP Mass Flow Rate (g/s) COP Mass Flow Rates Evaporating Temperature C R442A R44A R442A R44A Evaporator Temperature C 16 For more information visit our website:

19 RS-5 R442A RS-5 (R442A) Pressure-enthalpy chart Pressure (bara) Enthalpy (kj/kg) For more information visit our website: 17

20 RS-5 R442A RS-5 (R442A) Physical Properties PROPERTY RS-5 R44A R22 Molecular Weight Boiling point (1 atm) C (1) (1) -4.8 (1) F (1) (1) (1) Temperature Glide K Critical Temperature C F Critical Pressure bara psia Liquid Density (25 C) kg/m Density of saturated vapour (25 C) kg/m Latent Heat of Vaporisation at boiling point kj/kg 266 (1) 2 (1) 234 Cv (25 C & 1bara) kj/kg.k Cp (25 C & 1bara) kj/kg.k Cp/Cv (25 C & 1 bara) Vapour Pressure (25 C) bara 13.3 (1) 12.6 (1) 1.4 psia 192 (1) 182 (1) 151 Vapour Viscosity (25 C & 1 bara) cp Liquid Viscosity (25 C) cp Liquid Thermal Conductivity (25 C) W/m.K Surface Tension (25 C) N/m Specific heat of liquid (25 C) kj/kg.k Ozone Depletion Potential ODP.55 Flammability limit in air (1 atm) vol% none none none Inhalation exposure (8 hour day & 4 hour week) ppm (1) Bubble Point 18 For more information visit our website:

21 RS-52 (R428A) Zero ODP Drop-in replacement for R22 at low temperatures, R52 and interim ozone depleting blends No oil change Compatible with all lubricants No change of hardware Zero ODP replacement for R22 & R52 ozone depleting blends & compatible with all lubricants RS-52 is a non ozone depleting near azeotropic refrigerant blend which can replace R22, R52 and the interim ozone depleting blends including R42A, R43B, R48A & R411B without the need to change the existing lubricant or make any changes to the system other than adjustment to the expansion device in some cases. RS-52 is targeted towards lower temperature applications. RS-52 is compatible with all lubricants including both the traditional oils such as mineral and alkylbenzene oils and also the new synthetic polyol ester lubricants. Converting to RS-52 is a straightforward process which avoids a costly and often technically unsatisfactory retrofit (eg draining the oil from the system, replacing the seals etc). RS-52 is a capacity match for R52 and has a temperature glide of less than 1oC. RS-52 can also replace R22 in systems which are rated for R52. RS-52 is suitable for use in flooded systems Performance Characteristics RS-52 R428A R22 & R52 DROP-IN ZERO ODP Close performance match for R52 Can replace R22 in low temperature applications Compatible with MO, AB & POE lubricants Lower discharge temperatures Near azeotropic blend Suitable for new & existing equipment Capacity match for R52 Low temperature glide <1 C Zero Ozone Depletion Potential Non flammable Low toxicity No changes to hardware needed High Capacity The high capacity of RS-52 qualifies its use as a direct replacement for R52, R43B (69L), R42A (HP8), R48A (FX1) & R411B without any loss of performance. Discharge pressures are similar to R57 and R44A. The high capacity of RS-52 at low temperatures is a prominent feature of this new refrigerant. RS-52 Capacity & Coefficient of Performance Capacity kj/m^3 Open System: 35 C Condenser COP Evaporator Temperature C For more information visit our website: 19

22 RS-52 R428A R22 & R52 DROP-IN ZERO ODP Lubricants RS-52 is compatible with both the traditional and new synthetic lubricants so that there is no need to change the oil when converting to RS-52. RS-52 is suitable for use with mineral, alkylbenzene and polyol ester oils. RS-52 avoids the costly and often technically unsatisfactory changeover to the new synthetic lubricants required of a full retrofit to R44A. Discharge Temperature RS-52 has lower discharge temperatures, particularly compared to R22, which provides considerable operating benefits including an improvement in the reliability of the system and avoidance of lubricant breakdown. Applications RS-52 is suitable for use in applications where R22, R52, R43B (69L), R42A (HP8), R48A (FX1) and R411B are commonly found including, but not restricted to, supermarket display cases, ice machines, cold storage, transportation of foodstuffs, freezer cabinets, freeze dryers & environmental test chambers. Safety Discharge Temperature C RS-52 Discharge Temperature Open System: Discharge Temperature Evaporator Temperature C RS-52 (R428A) has been awarded a safety classification of A1, namely of low toxicity and non flammable, by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning-Engineers (ASHRAE). New Equipment RS-52 with its rapid pull-down feature is suitable for use in new equipment with the added benefit of being able to be used with both the traditional & new synthetic lubricants. Servicing Because RS-52 is a blend, it should be charged into the system in the liquid as opposed to vapour form. Vapour filling is possible when the total cylinder contents are charged into the system. Because RS-52 is a near azeotrope it has a very low temperature glide of less than 1 C. Technical Data Technical data including thermodynamic tables, physical properties, retrofit guidelines, materials of compatibility, questions & answers etc are available from the web site. 2 For more information visit our website:

23 RS-52 R428A R22 & R52 DROP-IN ZERO ODP RS-52 (R428A) Pressure-enthalpy chart Pressure (bara) saturation line constant entropy line kj/kg.k constant temperature line C constant specific volume m 3/kg Reference State (IIR): For liquid at C Enthalpy = 2 kj/kg Entropy = 1 kj/kg.k Enthalpy (kj/kg) For more information visit our website: 21

24 RS-52 R428A R22 & R52 DROP-IN ZERO ODP RS-52 (R428A) Physical Properties PROPERTY RS-52 R52 Molecular Weight Boiling Point at 1 atm C F Temperature glide K.8.2 Critical temperature C F Critical pressure bara psia Liquid density at 25 C kg/m Density of saturated vapour at 25 C kg/m Latent heat of vaporisation at boiling point kj/kg Cp at 25 C and 1 atm kj/kg.k Cv at 25 C and 1 bara kj/kg.k Cp at 25 C and 1 bara kj/kg.k Cp/Cv at 25 C and 1 bara Vapour pressure at 25 C bara psai Vapour viscosity at 25 C and 1 bara cp Liquid viscosity at 25 C cp Liquid thermal conductivity at 25 C W/m.K Surface tension at 25 C N/m Specific heat of liquid at 25 C kj/kg.k Ozone Depletion Potential ODP.34 Flammability limit in air (1 atm) vol% None None Inhalation exposure (8hr day and 4hr week) ppm 1 1 (1) Bubble Point 22 For more information visit our website:

25 RS-7 R453A R22 DROP-IN RS-7 (R453A) All purpose low GWP Drop-in replacement for R22 in air conditioning & refrigeration Compatible with mineral, alkyl benzene & polyol ester lubricants All purpose, low GWP & zero ODP Drop-in replacement for R22, & compatible with all lubricants RS-7 (R453A) is a new non-flammable Drop-in replacement for R22 which has been designed to have the lowest possible Global Warming Potential (GWP) consistent with high thermodynamic performance having a similar cooling capacity & Coefficient of Performance (COP) as R22. Consequently, RS-7 can be used to replace R22 in both air conditioning and refrigeration applications across the temperature range where R22 is commonly used. RS-7 is compatible both with the traditional mineral & alkylbenzene oils, and also the polyol ester lubricants so that there is no need to change the existing lubricant in the system when retrofitting to R22. With its high technical performance, compatibility with all lubricants and low GWP, RS-7 is an excellent choice to replace R22 as the end of R22 approaches as mandated under the Montreal Protocol, the F Gas regulation in the European Union and other country based restrictions. The GWP of RS-7 is lower than all other Drop-in replacements for R22 available on the market including R438A, R417A, R422B, R422D, R417B, and others. The GWP of RS-7 is also lower than R427A, R47A, R47F & R421A However, this has not been achieved by sacrificing performance since RS-7 is similar to R22 in terms of cooling capacity, COP, mass flow, compression ratio and discharge pressure while having a lower discharge temperature. Accordingly, RS-7 is an excellent choice to replace R22 in the majority of applications where R22 is found. Performance Characteristics Lowest direct GWP Drop-in replacement for R22 on the market Similar energy efficiency to R22 Close match for R22 in cooling capacity Similar discharge pressure to R22 & lower than R47C, R47A, R47F, R422D, R417B & R427A No changes to hardware required during retrofitting Compatible with MO, AB & POE lubricants Replaces R22 in air conditioning and refrigeration applications Similar flow rate to R22 Application in systems with both fixed and variable expansion devices Lower discharge temperature than R22 Zero Ozone Depletion Potential Non flammable & low toxicity Low Global Warming Potential The whole subject of global warming and climatic change has become arguably one of the most important environmental issues of the day. Much research has been conducted on an international basis culminating in the recent report of the Inter Governmental Panel on Climate change, which concludes that there is overwhelming evidence of warming of the planet caused by man-made activities. Increasing quantities of carbon dioxide are considered as the prime cause of global warming taking place, and the Authorities are increasingly minded to restrict the emissions of materials with a GWP. The recent IPCC report indicates that HFCs would contribute less than 2% to global warming, far less than the effects of carbon dioxide emitted by fossil combustion and deforestation. For more information visit our website: 23

26 RS-7 R453A R22 DROP-IN HFC refrigerants under-pin present refrigeration and air-conditioning technologies giving customers an excellent combination of high efficiency with low hazard. Nevertheless, governments are minded to increasingly restrict HFC emissions by regulation and/or taxation, eg revision of the F Gas regulation in the European Union in December 213. RS-7 has been specifically designed to mitigate these changes to the refrigerant user by reducing the direct GWP of the refrigerant while not compromising its energy efficiency and technical properties as a suitable Drop-in replacement for R22. Global Warming Potentials R453A R423A R435A R437A R433D R421A R422D R413D R453A R423A R435A R437A R433D R421A R422D R413D Applications RS-7 (R453A) has similar energy efficiency, cooling capacity, mass flow rate, compression ratio & discharge pressure as R22. RS-7 is therefore a single solution replacement for R22 across the range of applications where R22 is commonly found. Because the mass flow of RS-7 is similar to R22, RS-7 can be freely used in systems both with a capillary, fixed orifice or variable expansion devices. RS-7 is compatible both with existing traditional lubricants, such as mineral & alkyl benzene oils, and also with polyol ester lubricants. Applications for RS-7 include but are not restricted to air conditioning, commercial & industrial refrigeration, chillers, beer cellars, cold stores, refrigerated transport, supermarkets, appliances, dairy chillers, and others. Coefficient of Performance Evap temp 7 C & Cond temp +45 C R22 R423A R453A R417B R438A R422D R421A R422B R417A RS-7 (R453A) Capacity Evap temp 7 C & Cond temp +45 C Mass Flow Rates kj/^3 kg/(s.kw)x R22 R423A R453A R417B R438A R422D R421A R422B R417A R417B R422D R422D R423A R427A R438A R441A R453A R For more information visit our website:

27 RS-7 R453A R22 DROP-IN Lubricants RS-7 is compatible with both the traditional & new synthetic lubricants so that there is no need to change the oil when converting from R22 to RS-7. RS-7 is suitable for use with mineral, alkylbenzene and polyol ester oils. Safety RS-7 is non flammable as per ASHRAE Standard 34. The components of RS-7 have been subjected to toxicity tests carried out by the Alternative Fluorocarbons Environmental Acceptability Study (AFEAS), and have been declared to be of low toxicity. RS-7 has been designated a refrigerant number of R453A by the ASHRAE with a safety classification of A1. Servicing Because RS-7 is a blend, it should be charged into the system in the liquid as opposed to vapour form. There is no need to make any hardware changes when converting from R22 to RS-7 and can be used with expansion devices having a fixed orifice or adjustable setting. RS-7 (R453A) Pressure-Enthalpy chart Pressure (bara) Enthalpy (kj/kg) Key Saturation line Isotherm C Isochore m^3/kg Isentrope kj/kg.k Quality For more information visit our website: 25

28 RS-7 R453A R22 DROP-IN RS-7 (R453A) Physical Properties PROPERTY RS-7(2) R22 Molecular Mass Boiling point (1 atm) (1) C F Temperature Glide (4) K 4.2. Critical Temperature C F Critical Pressure bara psia Liquid Density (25 C) (1) kg/m Density of saturated vapour (25 C) (1) kg/m Latent Heat of Vaporisation at boiling point (3) kj/kg Heat capacity constant volume Cv (25 C & 1bara) kj/kg.k Heat capacity constant pressure Cp (25 C & 1bara) kj/kg.k Cp/Cv (25 C & 1 bara) Vapour Pressure (25 C) (1) bara psia Vapour Viscosity (25 C & 1 bara) cp Liquid Viscosity (25 C) (1) cp Liquid Thermal Conductivity (25 C) W/m.K Surface Tension (25 C) (1) N/m Specific heat of liquid (25 C) (1) kj/kg.k Ozone Depletion Potential ODP.6 Flammability limit in air (1 atm) vol% none none Inhalation exposure (8 hour day & 4 hour week) ppm 1 1 GWP AR Notes: (1) Bubble Point (2) RS-7 refrigerant properties obtained from NIST's REFPROP program. (3) Difference between bubble point liquid enthalpy and dew point vapour enthalpy at 1 atm. (4) Evaporator temperature glide calculated using NIST CYCLE D in accordance with high evaporating condition specified in Standard EN 129:25 Section 7 Table 2 assuming 1% compressor and motor efficiencies. 26 For more information visit our website:

29 EUROPEAN COMMISSION F GAS SUMMARY HFC new equipment ban Domestic fridges & freezers HFCs >15 GWP 1/1/215 Hermetically sealed fridges & freezers HFCs >25 GWP 1/1/22 HFCs >15 GWP 1/1/222 Non hermetically sealed fridges & freezers HFCs >25 GWP Stationary fridge equipment excluding applications -5 C 1/1/22 HFCs >15 GWP Multi pak centralised refrigerations systems 4kW 1/1/222 HFCs >15 GWP Primary circuit of cascade systems 1/1/222 HFCs >75 GWP Single split a/c >3 kgs 1/1/225 Hermetically sealed moveable a/c systems HFCs >15 GWP 1/1/22 Time limited exemption for HFCs in application where no alternative is suitable Service & maintenance for refrigeration HFCs >25 GWP in systems with charge size equivalent to or greater than 4 tonnes CO 2 1/1/22 In effect, this exempts small transport, eg refrigerated trucks & trailers, & commercial systems Use of reclaimed HFCs allowed 1/1/23 Service & maintenance for air conditioning No ban Allocation of quotas Based on annual average of HFC tonnes But, 11% leeway for new entrants Exports permitted outside EU & quotas do not apply Review of quota allocation & potential tax 1/1/217 Phase down schedule % % Notes (1) Annex III is linked to Article 11. It is a list of specific bans for new equipment only. (2) Ban on HFCs GWP>15 in centralised commercial refrigeration systems from 1/1/222 (3) Annexe III bans HFCs with GWP >25 in stationary & mobile refrigeration from & 22. Target is R44A. (5) Article 11.3 gives exemption mechanism where no suitable alternative is available. (6) Article 13 addresses existing equipment & maintenance: (a) Threshold size from 5 to 4 tonnes of CO2 exempts small transport & commercial systems (c) Allows use of reclaimed HFCs. (7) Service ban applies to refrigeration & air conditioning is excluded For more information visit our website: 27

30 EUROPEAN COMMISSION F GAS SUMMARY - Continued Year Refrigerators & freezers for commercial use RS-45 (R434A) RS-24 (R426A) (hermetically sealed) that contain HFCs with RS-52 (R428A) RS-44 (R424A) GWP of 2,5 from 1 January 22 and with RS-45 (R434A) a GWP of 15 from 1 January 222 RS-5 (R442A) RS-7 RS-9 Stationary refrigeration equipment that RS-45 (R434A) RS-24 (R426A contains or relies upon for its functioning RS-52 (R428A) RS-5 (R442A) HFCs with a GWP f 2,5 or more RS-7 RS-9 Multipack centralised refrigeration systems for commercial use with a capacity 4 kw or more that contain, or rely upon for their functioning fluorinated, gases with a GWP of15 or more from 1 January 222 RS-24 (R426A) RS-44 (R424A) RS-45 (R434A) RS-5 (R442A) RS-52 (R428A) RS-7 RS-9 Moveable room air-conditioning appliances (hermetically sealed equipment which is moveable between rooms by the end user) that contains HFCs with a GWP of 15 or more from 1 January 22 RS-24 (R426A) RS-44 (R424A) RS-45 (R434A) RS-5 (R442A) RS-52 (R428A) RS-7 RS-9 Single split air-conditioning systems containing less than 3 kg of fluorinated gases that contain, or rely on for their functioning fluorinated gases with a GWP of 75 or more 28 For more information visit our website:

31 Looking to the future of Refrigerants The marine refrigerants industry is the latest to come under new environmental regulations. Starting in 22, R44A, and other refrigerants with a Global Warming Potential (GWP) exceeding 25, will be banned under revision of the F Gas regulation in the European Union (EU), although reclaimed gases will be permitted thereafter. As a result of these pending changes UK s Star International has been working with Refrigerant Solutions Ltd (RSL) which has made major strides in helping the industry to move away from R44A, R57 and R22 to RS-5 (R442A) or RS-7 (R453A) depending on temperature. Both companies are working together in the marine industry to convert vessels that have R44A, R57 & R22 to RS-5 (R442A) or RS-7 (R453A) with minimum inconvenience to the ships schedules. The Dangers and Expense Under R-22 Phase Out is warning of price, supply and safety risks in the run-up to the global ban on R-22 (chlorodifluoromethane or HCFC) refrigerant. The colourless gas, which has ozone depletion, is still said to be in use on between 6, and 8, vessels worldwide. R-22 was finally outlawed in the EU on December 31st 214. RS-5 R442A is a low global warming and higher efficiency replacement for R44A in both new and existing equipment. RS-5 can also be used as a replacement for R22 in some medium and low temperature refrigeration applications. Star International can supply RS-5 in a range of cylinder sizes, and have recently worked with RSL to compare its performance with R44A, R47A, R47F, R57A, R22 and R442A. With the new F-Gas legislation due shortly, virgin R44A will be phased out from January 1st 22 and not permitted for servicing existing equipment. A report by the independent University of Barcelona shows the tests conducted on RS-5 and five other refrigerants concluded: Under dynamic conditions R442A shows a faster pull down time than any other low temperature refrigerants (currently available) Under steady state conditions the COP of R442A is 44% higher than that of R44A and 1% better than R47F Under steady state conditions, the cooling capacity of R442A is 52% better than that of R44A and 18% better than that of R47F. A range of field trials have been conducted subsequently, which confirm the high energy and capacity figures obtained from the University of Barcelona s tests. R44A is currently the most widely used refrigerant in the marine market, refrigeration and air conditioning applications. There are a number of retrofit alternatives to R44A. Recent independent tests suggest the best alternative is R442A (RS5) because as follows: ASHRAE has rated it as A1, i.e. non-flammable/low toxicity With a GWP of 1888 it is less than half that of R44a Its GWP is below the level likely to be specified for new equipment It demonstrates the highest capacity of all R44a alternatives It demonstrates the highest COP of all R44a alternatives It is a good candidate to replace R44a/R57a in existing systems subject to original equipment specifications For more information visit our website: 29

32 Worldwide Marine and Offshore Services Some of the popular products and services we offer Welding Gases Plasma Cutters Gas Welding Equipment Arc Welding Equipment Marine Chemicals Water Treatment Test Kits Fuel Oil Test Kits Reagents Biological Products Disposable Span Gases Medical Equipment Fire Fighting Equipment (Service) Lifejacket, Immersion Suits (Supply & Service) Liferaft (Service, Exchange & Supply) Multi Gas Detectors (Supply & Service) Refrigeration Services / Spares Supplied Refrigerant Gases Rescue Boats and Lifeboats (Supply & Service) Marine Safety Equipment (Supply & Service) Star EndoSan (Next Generation Disinfectant) Den-Sin Ultra High Pressure Washers Star International Star House, Turbine Business Park, Turbine Road, Birkenhead, Merseyside CH41 9BA United Kingdom Tel: +44 () (1 lines) Fax: +44 () enquiries@star-international.co.uk Please send all your enquiries to the above UK Head Office