Case Virkakatu, Oulu, Finland

Transcription

1 NSB th Nordic Symposium on Building Physics Retrofitting of Buildings I 16 June 2014 Holistic retrofit and follow-up through monitoring: Case Virkakatu, Oulu, Finland Simon le Roux, Yrsa Cronhjort Aalto University School of Arts, Design and Architecture Department of Architecture, Chair of Wood Construction

2 Holistic retrofit and follow-up through monitoring

3 Industrialised energy efficient retrofitting of residential buildings in cold climates Oulu Demonstration of Energy Efficiency through Retrofitting of Buildings Coordinator: NCC AB, Sweden London Roosendaal Halmstad Voiron Augsburg Munich

4 E2ReBuild 7 demonstrations

5 Oulu N65 E25 NSB2014, Retrofitting of Buildings I, Simon le Roux,

6 Virkakatu 8, Oulu, Finland Refurbishment of student family apartments by PSOAS Student Housing Foundation of Northern Finland

7 Case study in context E2ReBuild site work August 2012 March Service building site work June December NSB2014, Retrofitting of Buildings I, Simon le Roux,

8 Case study in in context E2ReBuild site work August 2012 March PSOAS site work June December Service building site work June December Yard site work June May 2014 PSOAS site work June May 2014 PSOAS site work June April 2014 PSOAS site work June May 2014 NSB2014, Retrofitting of Buildings I, Simon le Roux,

9 Scope of Oulu retrofit demonstration ENVELOPE SERVICES INTERIOR Ground fill and slab Heat recovery ventilation Enclosed balconies TES-facade Building automation Facade shading Windows New radiators Bathrooms Roof New utility connections Kitchens Site drainage High speed internet Saunas Ground frost insulation Improve air tightness New tenants NSB2014, Retrofitting of Buildings I, Simon le Roux,

10 Case Virkakatu energy sheet Building fabric requirements 1985 Existing building 2010 New Build regulation Design proposal 2012 As-Built design Façade/wall U W / m2k 0,28 0,17 0,14 0,11 Roof U W / m2k 0,22 0,09 0,07 0,08 Ground floor U W / m2k 0,36 0,16 0,16 0,15 / 0,11 Windows U av W / m2k 2,1 1 0,8 0,8 Airtightness n50 q50 l/h m3/h*m2 3,3 3,1 0,6 (Passive) 0,8 1,2 *The refurbishment aimed for passive house level of energy efficiency according to the local proposal by VTT. NSB2014, Retrofitting of Buildings I, Simon le Roux,

11 BES BES open system of prefabricated concrete elements developed in Finland in 1960 s

12 Partial demolition NSB2014, Retrofitting of Buildings I, Simon le Roux,

13 Before: 2012 Photo: Jaakko Kallio-Koski

14 Design: 2012 Architects m3

15 Site: 2012 Photo: Jaakko Kallio-Koski

16 Photo: Jaakko Kallio-Koski Site: Architects m3 16

17 Completion: 1.3. Photo: Jaakko Kallio-Koski

18 Photo: Jaakko Kallio-Koski

19 Monitoring Photo: Jaakko Kallio-Koski

20 Interior Photos: Jaakko Kallio-Koski

21 TES Energy Façade NSB2014, Retrofitting of Buildings I, Simon le Roux,

22 Installation of TES elements Drawing: Arkkitehdit m3 Oy NSB2014, Retrofitting of Buildings I, Simon le Roux,

23 Retrofit facade: TES (Oulu) U=0,11 30cm NSB2014, Retrofitting of Buildings I, Simon le Roux,

24 Retrofit facade: TES (Oulu) U=0,11 7 mm fibre cement cladding 44 mm air gap 22x100 mm timber battens 9 mm gypsum wind barrier 250 mm insulation (0,033 W/mK) 42x48 mm timber battens 42x198 mm pine load bearing frame 9 mm plywood 50 mm adjustment insulation NSB2014, Retrofitting of Buildings I, Simon le Roux,

25 illustration: Arkkitehdit m3 Oy - New roof - External shading - New balconies -TES-elements - New ground slab - Foundations for TESelements

26 Partial demolition

27 Airtightness repairs

28 Facade elements

29 Assembly Simon le Roux, Aalto University, Finland 29

30 Assembly Simon le Roux, Aalto University, Finland 30

31 Roof replacement Photo: Keijo Rasmus

32 Monitoring Purchaced energy Space heating Domestic hot water Building electricity Household electricity Indoor temperature, RH and CO 2 Outdoor temperature and RH Airtightness Thermal imaging Ventilation rates Building envelope performance

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34 Combined monthly totals [kwh] Measured parameter Facility equipment: pumps for DHW and space heating (IDA-ICE simulation) Stairwell Lighting (IDA-ICE simulation) Stairwell HRMV fans (IDA-ICE simulation) Stairwell HRMV electrical air heating (estimate) Monitored district space heating Monitored Tenants total DHW Submeter: Tenant HRMV (fans and electrical air heating) Monitored Tenant appliances and bathroom underfloor heating District heat loss (estimated ~25% ) April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan Feb March 2014 YEAR TOTAL

35 Energy comparison [kwh/m 2 /a Gross Floor Area] PARAMETER BEFORE DESIGN PHASE MONITORED 2014 Space heating Domestic Hot Water Heat loss in heating transfer 42m pipes Total District Heat Building electricity Residents heat recovery ventilation Residents lighting and appliance electricity Residents bathroom electrical floor heating Certificate ,4 kwh / (m 2 a) Certificate ,3 kwh/m 2 /a Default assumption* 22 kwh/m 2 /a Certificate ,7 kwh/m 2 /a Average 16 kwh/m 2 /a (exhaust ventilation only) (Not known) None Dynamic Simulation 26 kwh/m 2 /a Default assumption* 37 kwh/m 2 /a Calculation 12 kwh/m 2 /a Dynamic Simulation 75 kwh/m 2 /a Simulated 5 kwh/m 2 /a Simulated 6 kwh/m 2 /a Measured 36,6 kwh/m 2 /a Measured 10,8 kwh/m 2 /a Excluded from monitoring Measured 47,4 kwh/m 2 /a Simulated ,6 kwh/m 2 /a Apartment Submeter 5,5 kwh/m 2 /a Simulated 15 kwh/m 2 /a Apartment Meter Simulated 22,7 kwh/m 2 /a 9-12 kwh/m 2 /a * Default assumptions given for domestic hot water and heat loss in Finnish regulations (RakMK D3)

36 Case Virkakatu: heat demand [kwh/m 2 /month, Gross Floor Area] 25 kwh/m2 20 kwh/m2 15 kwh/m2 Space heat, ventilation air heat, domestic hot water, and estimated district heat transfer loss 10 kwh/m2 5 kwh/m2 9,7 10,5 7,0 3,3 2,8 5,1 6,4 7,7 11,3 7,7 7,8 1,4 1,6 1,4 0 kwh/m2 Jan. Feb. March April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Total purchaced property DH ( average) Demo building simulated heat demand (IDA-ICE) Demo building monitored total heat demand Demo building monitored space heating Dec. Jan Feb March 2014

37 Case Virkakatu Annual energy demand Monitored Building space heating Monitored Tenants Domestic Hot Water included in Rent Household electricity subtotal - appliances and floor heating included in Tenant electricity bill 27% 7% 44% Tenant ventilation electricity submeter (fans and air heating) Stairwell lighting electricity (simulation) Stairwell ventilation fans (simulation) 13% Stairwell ventilation electrical heat (estimate) Property equipment electricity: pumps for water and space heating (simulation) NSB2014, Retrofitting of Buildings I, Simon le Roux,

38 Monitored tenants energy, building heating, domestic hot water, and property electricity [kwh per month] 0 Subtotal: Tenant appliances and bathroom underfloor heating Submeter: Tenant HRMV (fans and electrical air heating) Monitored Tenants total DHW Monitored district space heating Stairwell HRMV electrical air heating (estimate) Stairwell HRMV fans (simulation) Stairwell Lighting (IDA-ICE simulation) April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan Feb March 2014 Facility equipment: pumps for DHW and space heating (IDA-ICE simulation) District heat transfer loss (estimated ~25% )

39 Apartment energy monitoring: Domestic hot water, Ventilation, Household electricity Domestic Hot Water (kwh) Mechanical Ventilation (kwh) Domestic Appliances and lighting (kwh) March April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan Feb March 2014 April 2014 May 2014

40 Monthly monitored domestic energy use [kwh/apartment] Household Appliances (Elec) Mechanical Heat Recovery Ventilation (MHRV) Domestic Hot Water (DHW) Elec MHRV DHW Elec MHRV DHW Elec MHRV DHW Elec MHRV DHW Elec MHRV DHW Elec MHRV DHW Elec MHRV DHW Elec MHRV DHW Elec MHRV DHW Elec MHRV DHW Elec MHRV DHW Elec MHRV DHW Elec MHRV DHW Elec MHRV DHW Elec MHRV DHW March April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan Feb March 2014 April 2014 May 2014

41 Conclusions The aim for the refurbishment was passive house level of energy efficiency according to local suggestion by VTT. Comprehensive monitoring was used to verify energy results, performance of timber structures and interior air quality. Monitoring has proved a useful means to follow energy use and secure the functionality of building service systems. The first two months showed unreliable measures for the monitoring of hot water, but since then results have stabilized. The average water usage is less than assumed in regulations. The monitoring scheme has been an efficient approach to verify results of ambitious refurbishment project. NSB2014, Retrofitting of Buildings I, Simon le Roux,

42 more about case Virkakatu at NSB2014: Wednesday 18th of June 2014, Konsertsalen, AF Borgen 10:30 12:00 Retrofitting of Buildings II Hygrothermal Performance of TES Energy Façade at two European residential building demonstrations Comparison between Field Measurements and Simulations Carl-Magnus Capener, SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden (paper 155)

43 Thank You! Simon le Roux Senior Project Researcher, Architect SAFA Aalto University School of Arts, Design and Architecture Department of Architecture, Chair of Wood Construction