Refrigerant & Energy Regulations Update

Transcription

1 Refrigerant & Energy Regulations Update Focus on Refrigeration Applications Rajan Rajendran Emerson Climate Technologies

2 Agenda A Quick History on Refrigerant Progression Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) First rule to approve new refrigerants in applications Second rule to delist some existing refrigerants by application Emerson view and what s next Department of Energy (DOE) Commercial refrigeration equipment, ice machines, and walk-in coolers and freezers Summary

3 Ozone Hole: Reason for R12 and R22 Phase-out (Exposure to UV Radiation Leads to Skin Cancer) Montreal Protocol, Signed on Sept. 16, 1987, Bans CFCs & HCFCs

4 Montreal Protocol Agreement for Reducing ODP Refrigerants: R-22 Phase-out Timeline Developing nations are only now beginning to phase-down use of R22

5 Montreal Protocol s Positive Impact on Ozone Hole False-color view of total ozone over the Antarctic pole. The purple and blue colors are where there is the least ozone, and the yellows and reds are where there is more ozone. Ozone hole still large, but healing; full recovery expected ~2070 Source: NASA. Image from Nov. 2, 2014

6 A New Concern: Climate Change, the Driver for HFC Actions

7 Montreal Protocol s Positive Impact on Climate Change Montreal Protocol has the biggest impact on climate change! But, developing nations growth could dwarf gains, per predictions. Emerson Confidential 7

8 European F-Gas Regulation: Phase-down HFC and Application Bans

9 North American Proposal for HFC Phase-down GWP Weighted Cap (% of Baseline) Non- A5 Countries (U.S.) A5 Countries (Asia, etc.) Year

10 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): What Is SNAP? What Are NOPRs? SNAP stands for Significant New Alternatives Policy Environmental Protection Agency s program to approve alternative refrigerants to ozone-depleting potential CFCs, HCFCs Approval specific to refrigerant and application Website: When EPA approves a refrigerant, a Notice of Public Rulemaking (NOPR) is issued in Federal Register Public has 60 days to review and comment All details on how to submit comments are provided in the NOPR

11 EPA s First NOPR This Summer Published on July 9; comments were due Sept. 8 Listed new flammable A2 and A3 refrigerants and revised venting prohibitions Stand-alone commercial refrigerators and freezers: R600a, R441A (150 g) Household refrigerators and freezers: R290 (57 g) Vending machines: R600a, R290 (150 g) Self-contained room AC, PTACs, PTHPs, window AC and single-room portable AC: R290, R32, R441A (subject to UL 484 limits)

12 Second NOPR for Delisting Certain HFCs by Application In 2013 and early 2014, EPA held stakeholder meetings to get input on which HFCs, if any, could be delisted The NOPR to delist was published on August 6 Comments were due on October 20; comment period closed and all comments have been posted on public website Links to documents: Fact sheet: Fact_Sheet_ pdf NOPR: Comments:

13 Second NOPR Refrigeration and Air Conditioning End Uses Impacted Currently Included Retail food refrigeration includes all cold storage cases designed to chill food for commercial sale. In addition to grocery cases, the end use includes convenience store reach-in cases and restaurant walk-in refrigerators. Vending machines are self-contained units which dispense goods that must be kept cold or frozen. Motor vehicle air conditioning systems, or MVACS, provide comfort cooling for passengers in cars, buses, planes, trains, and other forms of transportation. Not Included, but Seeking Comment Industrial process refrigeration systems cool process streams in industrial applications. Cold storage warehouses are used to store meat, produce, dairy products, and other perishable goods. Commercial ice machines are used in commercial establishments to produce ice for consumer use, e.g., in hotels, restaurants and convenience stores. Refrigerated transport moves products from one place to another while maintaining necessary temperatures, and include refrigerated ship holds, truck trailers, railway freight cars, and other shipping containers Foam and Aerosol Also Impacted

14 EPA s Proposed Rule on Delisting HFCs by Application

15 Emerson s Response to EPA Proposal Submitted Oct. 20 Do Not Delist Now in Industrial and Ice: No Alternates Without Glide S.Mkt, Transport No Comment

16 What Is Next for Delisting Proposal? 120 comment letters were submitted to the EPA Majority of the comments requested delays and exemptions from delisting A few supported the EPA s actions and asked for more stringent delisting Next steps for the EPA Review all comment letters Publish final rule, and include responses to all the comments from stakeholders and public Expect final rule before middle of 2015 In the meantime, EPA can be expected to continue approving new lower GWP refrigerants in specific applications

17 Alternatives for Refrigeration and AC Applications Pressure or Capacity CO 2 A1 Non-Flammable A2L Mildly Flammable A3 Flammable B2L Toxic, Mildly Flam. Qualitative Chart Not to Scale R-410A Like R446A, R447A R32/HFO Blends R32 R410A R404A & R407/22 Like NH 3 ~300 <150 HDR110 R290 DR3 R444B = L20 L40, DR7 R32/HFO Blends R448A = N40 R449A = DR33 N20 < 1500 R32/HFC/HFO Blends R22 R407A R407C R407F, R452A = XP44 R404A R507A (3922) R134a Like R123-Like (V.Low Pr.) HFO 1234yf HFO 1234ze DR2, N12, ARC 1 ~600 HFC/HFO Blends R450A = N13 R513A = XP10 R134a ,000 1,500 2,000 GWP Level

18 Refrigerant Options Available in Future Refrigerant Self-contained Reach-in Walk-in Rack Refrigeration Today R404A R134a R404A (R407A) R404A R407A <1,500 GWP Non-Flammable R448A, R449A R450A, R513A R134a, etc R448A, R449A R450A, R513A R134a, etc R448A, R449A R450A, R513A R134a, etc <300 GWP Mildly Flammable R32+HFO Blends R32+HFO Blends R32+HFO Blends <150 GWP Mildly Flammable R32+HFO Blends R32+HFO Blends - <10 GWP Propane <150 gm HFO CO2, Propane, HFO CO2 Once a refrigerant is in production and SNAP approved, expect two to six years for all components and equipment to be available

19 Refrigeration Energy Regulations Product Class Current NOPR Final Effective Energy Level Reduction Closed-doors Reach-ins (Self-contained) 2010 Oct March 2014* March 2017 kwh/day 30% 50% U.S. Department of Energy Ice Makers Display Cases, Including Remote March 2014* NODA Sept Oct Fall 2014 Fall 2017 March 2014* March 2017 kwh/100 lbs 12% 25% kwh/100 lbs 5% 15% (amend. 9/5/14) kwh/day 30% 50% Walk-in (Foodservice) 2009 Sept June 2014* June 2017 AWEF 20% 40% U.S./Canada Supermarket California Title 24 Effective July 2014 Building Energy Alliance Challenge Spec in Process ASHRAE 90.1 Advanced Energy Design Guideline in Process Canada Supermarket Minimum Efficiency Std. in Process * Industry challenging DOE

20 Summary Over the next five years, expect R404A to be delisted and no longer used in new equipment New R22 retrofit (non-flammable) refrigerants available R404A retrofits to new lower GWP (non-flammable) refrigerants New mildly flammable and flammable refrigerants in self-contained and walk-in systems CO 2 systems will grow cascade, transcritical and secondary Energy regulations will impact equipment manufacturers and installers Training and keeping up with technology and changes very important Emerson and E360 aim to help you with that!

21 Thank You! Questions? DISCLAIMER Although all statements and information contained herein are believed to be accurate and reliable, they are presented without guarantee or warranty of any kind, expressed or implied. Information provided herein does not relieve the user from the responsibility of carrying out its own tests and experiments, and the user assumes all risks and liability for use of the information and results obtained. Statements or suggestions concerning the use of materials and processes are made without representation or warranty that any such use is free of patent infringement and are not recommendations to infringe on any patents. The user should not assume that all toxicity data and safety measures are indicated herein or that other measures may not be required.