1 Exam Prep Plumber s Handbook Tabs and Highlights

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1 1 Exam Prep Plumber s Handbook Tabs and Highlights These 1 Exam Prep Tabs are based on the Plumber s Handbook Revised Each Tabs sheet has five rows of tabs. Start with the first tab at the first row at the top of the page; proceed down that row placing the tabs at the locations listed below. Place each tab in your book setting it down one notch until you get to the bottom of a page. Then start back at the top again. After each 1 Exam Prep Tab, under "Reason" is a brief explanation of the purpose of the tab, and / or items to highlight in the section. 1 Exam Prep Tab Pg.# Reason/Highlight Table of Contents Plumbing and the Plumber 5 Designing Drainage Systems 7 Designing Vent Systems Figure 2-5: Typical plumbing abbreviations 14 Soil Stack: A soil stack is the vertical section of pipe that receives the discharge of water closets, with or without the discharge from other fixtures. 15 Figure 2-9: Fixture units per fixture 28 Figure 2-33: Suds pressure relief vents Figure 2-34: Suds pressure for various size drainage pipes, upstream and downstream 34 Circuit Vent: A circuit vent functions much like a branch vent. Circuit vents serve two or more fixtures and rise vertically from between the last two fixture traps located on a horizontal branch drain. 36 Stack Vent: A stack vent is nothing more than the extension of a soil or waste stack up and through the roof of a building. 40 Figure 3-24: Size and length of vent pipes 1 Exam Prep Plumber s Handbook 1

2 Fixture Traps 53 Cleanouts 63 Basic Sizing Principles: No vent, wet or dry, for a water closet can be less than 2 inches in diameter. 44 Wet Vents: A horizontal wet vent can exceed 15 feet and may only receive the discharge from the fixture branches. 46 Sump Vents: The following venting procedures are accepted by most plumbing codes Sumps receiving clear water waste from building, subsoil drains, floor drains, air conditioning condensate drains, etc., don t need a cover or vent. Figure 3-36: Vertical combination waste and vent (IPC) 54 Figure 4-2: Traps prohibited by code 57 Figure 4-14: Minimum size of nonintegral traps 58 Figure 4-15: Horizontal distance of fixture trap from vent at slope of ¼ per foot 64 Location of Cleanouts: Cleanouts are required on all building sewers at intervals not to exceed 100 feet. 67 Cleanout Clearances: Every cleanout installed on a 3- inch or larger pipe needs at least an 18-inch clearance to allow room for rodding. For cleanouts smaller than 3 inches, leave a clearance of at least 12 inches for rodding. 68 Figure 5-16: Cleanout Sizes Interceptors, Special Traps & 71 Inside Installations: Grease interceptors must have a Neutralizing Tanks grease retention capacity of 2 pounds for each GPM of flow. 72 Figure 6-1: Sizing criteria for inside grease interceptors Each fixture discharging into a grease interceptor must be individually trapped and vented in an approved manner.. You can omit a fixture trap for a single fixture if it meets the following conditions 74 Figure 6-4: Liquid capacities of grease interceptors for restaurant 1 Exam Prep Plumber s Handbook 2

3 Figure 6-5: Sizing criteria for outside grease interceptor Laundry Interceptors: Commercial and self-service laundries discharge solids along with liquid waste. They must have lint interceptors to prevent these solids from entering the drainage system. Install a nonremovable screen or a ½-inch mesh screen metal basket to collect the solids. 80 Figure 6-14: Sizing criteria for lint interceptor for selfservice laundries Indirect Waste Piping, Receptors 89 & Special Wastes 90 Air Break: is a piping arrangement in which a drain pipe from a fixture, appliance or device discharges Some local authorities allow an air break installation to terminate below the floor or rim of the floor or rim of the floor sink or receptor. Air Gap: In an air gap arrangement, there must be an unobstructed vertical distance through the free atmosphere between the drain pipe outlet from a fixture.. There must be a minimum separation of 1 inch (or twice the drain pipe size) between the plumbing fixture, appliance, or appurtenance outlet and the rim of the floor sink or receptor. 91 Floor Sink: The floor sink is used with an air gap indirect waste pipe mostly in restaurants. Floor Drain and Clothes Washer Standpipe: A floor drain is commonly used with air break indirect waste pipe.it must be no smaller than 2 inches in diameter and be installed above floor level. Installation of Drainage & 103 Vent Pipes 107 Figure 8-3: Common materials and locations where they can be used Joints and Connections Joints and Connections: 114 Changes in Direction: Make changes in direction in horizontal or horizontal-to-vertical drainage systems with 45-degree wyes, long or short sweeps, quarter bends, sixth, eight or sixteenth bend, or with a combination of these or other approved fittings. When the direction of the flow is from horizontal to vertical, use sanitary tees, quarter bends and one-fifth bends. 1 Exam Prep Plumber s Handbook 3

4 Septic Tanks and Drainfields Figure 8-14: Changes of direction 118 Figure 8-20: Five common horizontal and vertical pipe supports Horizontal DWV Piping Supports: Always support cast iron soil pipe that has lead and oakum joints with hangers or other approved means at every hub. If you re using 5- foot lengths of pipe, that s at least every five feet. Figure 8-21: Hanger Rod sizes 119 Figure 8-22: Horizontal piping support intervals 120 Indirect Waste piping and Special Waste: Use pipe that s at least ¾ inch in diameter, but never smaller than the outlet drains of fixtures or appliances served. If you re installing indirect waste pipe below the floor, most codes require 1 ¼-inch pipe. 121 When your installation serves special fixtures rated more than 1 fixture unit, use these minimums for the pipe size: - 2 fixture units: 1 ½ inch minimum - 3 fixture units: 2 inch minimum 122 Air Conditioning Condensate Drains: Always locate indirect waste piping for air conditioning units at least 2 inches below the bottom of the floor slab. Don t install it until after fill and compaction are complete. 130 Figure 9-2: Required capacity of septic tanks for singlefamily residences 131 Figure 9-4: Maximum fixture units and minimum septic tank capacities for commercial use 132 Figure 9-6: Required septic tank capacity in gallons for commercial use Tile Drainfields: Reservoir-Type Drainfields: 135 Residential Drainfields: How to size a drainfield formula 1 Exam Prep Plumber s Handbook 4

5 135 Figure 9-11: Design criteria of five typical soils 136 Commercial Drainfields: sizing formula Figure 9-12: Estimated sewage flow rates Mobile Home & Travel 141 Trailer Parks 143 Figure 10-1: Drainage pipe sizes and number of fixture units permitted Figure 10-2: Minimum pipe size and slope of drainage pipe Graywater Recycling Systems 147 For Single-Family Residences 148 Figure 11-1: Maximum allowable water usage for plumbing fixtures 152 Figure 11-6: Design criteria of six typical soils 153 Figure 11-8: Irrigation/disposal field requirements 154 Figure 11-10: Location of graywater system 155 Formula to calculate piping material and drainage trenches Public Water Supply & 159 Distribution Systems 161 Water Outlet: As defined in the code and used in connection with the water distributing system, the water outlet is the discharge opening for water: 162 Figure 12-3: Rate of flow and required pressure during flow for different fixtures Figure 12-4: Minimum water service pipe for one-and twostory buildings (hotels, motels, and residential) 163 Figure 12-5: Minimum water service pipe for one-and twostory buildings (commercial use). Figure 12-6: Size of fixture supply size Hot Water Systems 169 The Water Heater: The normal design temperature of 1 Exam Prep Plumber s Handbook 5

6 Installing Water Systems 179 Private Water Supply Wells Figure 13-3: Recommended hot water storage tank capacity 171 Pressure Relief Valves: The pressure relief valve should open at 25 psi above the maximum working pressure, but under no circumstances should it exceed 175 psi. Temperature Relief Valves: Temperature relief valves are required on all equipment that heats and stores domestic hot water. The temperature portion of the valve releases at a temperature of 210 degrees F watt = 3.4 Btu 174 Three Common Hot Water Circulating Systems: Figure 13-8: Inveted upfeed system 175 Figure 13-9: Hot water looped system Figure 13-10: Downfeed system 181 Figure 14-2: Common potable water system materials and locations where they can be used 182 Installing water Service Supply Pipe: Building codes set a minimum separation distance for water service supply pipe installed in a separate open trench. Check local code, but most require 5 feet from the sewer line or 10 feet from any septic tank or drainfield. 185 Avoiding Cross Connection: All water outlets equipped for hose connections (other than clothes washers) must have back flow preventers. Threaded Pip, Fittings and Valves: The standard pipe thread has a taper of ¾ inch per foot. 186 Figure 14-7: Pipe wrench sizes 196 Figure 15-5: Tank and pump size requirements Fire Protection 201 Standpipe Requirements: A fire standpipe system is required in building over 50 feet high. 1 Exam Prep Plumber s Handbook 6

7 205 Standpipe Materials and Installation Methods: Buildings up to 100 feet high need standpipes at least 4 inches in diameter. Building higher than 100 feet need standpipes at least 6 inches in diameter. Swimming Pools and Spas 213 Harnessing Solar Energy 223 Gas Systems Filters: Pressure and sand filters must have a filtration rate not over 5 gpm per square foot of filter area and a backwash minimum rate of 12 gpm per square foot of filter area. 217 Figure 17-5: Swimming pool materials and permitted installations 225 Sizing Solar Heat Collectors: each of the first two people in the family uses 20 gallons of hot water per day. Each additional person should use 15 gallons per day. 232 Figure 18-9: Sizing solar storage tanks 238 Sizing Gas Systems: Formula to determine cfh 239 Figure 19-1: Maximum capacity of pipe in cubic feet of natural gas per hour Materials and Installation 243 Methods for Gas Systems 244 Figure 20-1: Common gas piping materials and where to use them Plumbing Fixtures 253 Exterior Installations: When you use horizontal metallic gas piping, be sure to place it a minimum of 12 inches underground. If you use plastic gas piping, it as to be 18 inches. 255 Bathtubs and Showers: The minimum size waste and overflow for bathtubs is 1 ½ inches. 255 The strainer must have a diameter of at least 3 ½ inches. and be removable so the trap can be cleaned. 1 Exam Prep Plumber s Handbook 7

8 259 Plumbing Fixtures Clearances: Water closets must have a minimum spacing of 30 inches center-to-center when set in battery installations Finally they must have a minimum clearance of 24 inches from the front of the bowl to any finished wall, door or other plumbing fixture. 261 Fixtures for the Handicapped: Toilet rooms must have at least one toilet stall that s at least 3 feet wide and 4 feet 8 inches deep. Appendix: Definitions 339 Index Soil Pipe definition 344 Stack Vent definition 1 Exam Prep Plumber s Handbook 8

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