CO 2 Heat Pump Lab Test Results. Presented by Ken Eklund 2016 ACEEE Hot Water Forum February 22, 2016

Transcription

1 CO 2 Heat Pump Lab Test Results Presented by Ken Eklund 2016 ACEEE Hot Water Forum February 22, 2016

2 The CO2 Transcritical Cycle 2

3 CO2 Performance CO2 does not condense It transfers heat directly from the gas state, allowing it to operate at higher temperatures 3

4 Lab Tests Laboratory Assessment of Demand Response Characteristics of Two CO2 Heat Pump Water Heaters Ben Larson & Nick Kvaltine Laboratory Assessment of Combination Space and Water Heating Applications of a CO2 Heat Pump Water Heater Ben Larson, Michael Logsdon, & Nick Kvaltine 4

5 DEMAND RESPONSE Unitary System PNNL Lab Home 5

6 SPLIT SYSTEM 6

7 COP Map for 80-gallon Tank 7

8 Hot Water Draw Profile 8

9 Lab Test Draw and DR Schedule 9

10 80 Gallon Tank DR Profile Test at 50 F 10

11 Minimum and Mean Outlet Temperatures Ambient Temperature (F) Minimum Outlet Temperature 80 gallon Mean Outlet Temperature

12 Impact of System Off 12

13 Hourly Water Heat & Service Loads 13

14 COMBINED SYSTEMS 14

15 Space Heating Demand Profile Heating Call On/Off Hour of Test 15

16 Low Temperature Space Heat Test Summary Statistic Low Temp, Space Low Temp, Space Low Temp, Space Heat, Bottom Inlet Heat, Diffuser Heat, No Diffuser HP Waterline In HP Waterline Out Taco Load Flow Taco Sanden Flow Taco Load Return Temp Taco Load Supply Temp Taco Sanden Return Temp Taco Sanden Supply Temp Stratification Index Sanden kwh Taco kwh Total Input kwh Space Heat Output (kbtu) Total Output (kbtu)* Equipment COP System COP

17 High Temperature Space Heat Test Summary Statistic High Temp, Space High Temp, Space High Temp, Space Heat, Cold Inlet Heat, Diffuser Heat, No Diffuser HP Waterline In HP Waterline Out Taco Load Flow Taco Sanden Flow Taco Load Return Temp Taco Load Supply Temp Taco Sanden Return Temp Taco Sanden Supply Temp Stratification Index Sanden kwh Taco kwh Total kwh Space Heat Output (kbtu) Total Output (kbtu)* Equipment COP System COP

18 Combined Demand Profile DHW GPM Heating Call GPM or Heating Call On/Off Hour of Test 18

19 Low Temperature Combination Test Summary Statistic Low Temp, Combo, Cold Low Temp, Combo, Inlet Diffuser HP Waterline In HP Waterline Out DHW Flow Taco Load Flow Taco Sanden Flow Taco Load Return Temp Taco Load Supply Temp Taco Sanden Return Temp Taco Sanden Supply Temp Stratification Index Sanden kwh Taco kwh Total kwh Space Heat Output (kbtu) Domestic Water Output (kbtu) Total Output (kbtu) Equipment COP System COP

20 Optimized Design Design load of the building should match the capacity of the heat pump and its backup system. Highest efficiencies are predicted for low temperature systems such as radiant floor Space heat return water should be returned to the tank at the same temperature level the tank should have multiple return options. Cold water to replace DHW should be introduced at the bottom of the tank. Tank size should be large 120 gallons to reduce de-stratification 20

21 21 Performance Predictions by Climate Climate Annual Efficiency Water Space Combined Heating Heating Boise Kalispell Portland Seattle Spokane Heating Zone Heating Zone Heating Zone

22 22 Thanks To Adria Banks, WSU lead analyst To Ben Larson, Jonathan Heller, Nick Kvaltine and Colin Grist, Ecotope To Melinda Spencer, WSU technical editor To Bruce Carter, Fred Gordon, Rem Husted, Tom Lienhart, & Jim Maunder utility partner reps To PNNL s Graham Parker, Joe Petersen & Sarah Widder & Greg Sullivan, Efficiency Solutions To Mark Jerome, Clear Result, lead installer To David Hales, WSU lead monitoring installer To Janice Peterson, BPA project manager To Dave Kresta & Charlie Stephens, NEEA To Maho Ito, John Miles, & Charles Yao, Sanden International To the Regional Advanced HPWH Advisory Task Force

23 23 Contact Information Ken Eklund, Building Science & Standards Lead Washington State University Energy Program Project Principle Investigator and Manager

24 24 Washington State University Energy Program DISCUSSION