Water Piping and Pumps
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1 Technical Development Program DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS Water Piping and Pumps PRESENTED BY: Michael Ho
2 Menu Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5 Section 6 Section 7 Section 8 Section 9 Introduction Types of Piping Systems Water Distribution Systems Direct and Reverse Return Systems Water Piping Components and Accessories Typical Piping Details at Equipment System Piping Arrangements Pump Basics and Types of Pumps Pipe Sizing and Pump Selection Example Section 10 Summary
3 SECTION 1 WATER PIPING AND PUMPS Introduction
4 Objectives Compare the 3 types of piping systems Identify the 4 types of water distribution systems Differentiate between direct return and reverse return systems Identify the various valves and hydronic accessories available for use in piping systems Diagram typical piping hookups for chillers, pumps, and cooling towers Size the piping for a closed loop and an open recirculating loop system Identify the types of water pumps, their features, and the selection process Section 1 Introduction
5 SECTION 2 WATER PIPING AND PUMPS Types of Piping Systems
6 Closed-Loop System Chiller Piping 45 F Expansion Tank Coil Pump Includes: A chiller and/or a boiler 55 F Coils that produce cooling or heating Two-Way Valve Two or three-way valves to control the coils Piping and pump to circulate water An expansion tank (insignificant water contact with air) Three-Way Valve Section 2 Types of Piping Systems
7 Open-Loop System Chiller Water-Cooled Condenser 94 to 95 F 3 gpm/ton Condenser Water Pump 85 F Cooling Tower The water-cooled condenser is typically part of a water-cooled chiller or water-cooled package unit A cooling tower rejects the condenser heat to the atmosphere Flow rates and temperatures are industry standards for North America Piping and pumps circulate water Water is reused and exposed to the ambient conditions in the cooling tower Section 2 Types of Piping Systems
8 Once-Thru Water System Chiller with Condenser Once-Thru Optional Valve Piping Pump Source of water (river) Water to waste or source Much less common due to environmental concerns Water is sent to waste or returned back to source Large consumption of water Source example: river, lake, well Section 2 Types of Piping Systems
9 SECTION 3 WATER PIPING AND PUMPS Water Distribution Systems
10 1-Pipe Distribution System Typical Heating Terminal Monoflow Fitting Boiler Main Piping Loop Supply and Return (1 size throughout) Typical Heating-Only System System Pump Section 3 Water Distribution Systems
11 2-Pipe Distribution System Typical Heating and Cooling Terminal Summer Mode Supply Piping Boiler Return Piping Chiller System Pump Section 3 Water Distribution Systems
12 3-Pipe Distribution System Typical Heating and Cooling Terminal Distributes hot and cold water simultaneously Chilled Water Supply Chiller Boiler Hot Water Supply Common Return Piping with Mixed Hot and Cold Water System Pumps Special 3-pipe Water Control Section 3 Water Distribution Systems
13 4-Pipe Heating and Cooling Terminal 4-Pipe Distribution System Distributes hot and cold water simultaneously Chilled Water Supply Boiler Hot Water Supply Chiller System Pumps Section 3 Water Distribution Systems
14 SECTION 4 WATER PIPING AND PUMPS Direct and Reverse Return Systems
15 Direct Return Horizontal Distribution Unit-1 Unit-2 Unit-3 Unit-4 Unit-5 Supply Return Water enters Unit-1 from supply Water leaves Unit-1 and returns directly to source The first unit supplied is the first returned Unequal circuit pressure drops result Circuit pressure drop through Unit-1 < Unit-2 < Unit-3 < Unit-4 < Unit-5 Balancing valves are a necessity Balancing Valves Section 4 Direct and Reverse Return Systems
16 Direct Return Vertical Distribution Return Supply Unit-1 Unit-4 Unit-2 Unit-5 Balancing Valves Unit-3 Unit-6 Section 4 Direct and Reverse Return Systems
17 Reverse Return Horizontal Distribution Unit-1 Unit-2 Unit-3 Unit-4 Unit-5 Supply Return Return header flow is same direction as supply flow Water leaves Unit-1 and goes all the way around in returning to source The first unit supplied is the last returned Circuit pressure drop through Unit-1 = Unit-2 = Unit-3 = Unit-4 = Unit-5 Balancing valves may be eliminated Section 4 Direct and Reverse Return Systems
18 Reverse Return Unit-1 Unit-2 Unit-3 Return Supply Supply and return headers at bottom Section 4 Direct and Reverse Return Systems
19 Reverse Return Unit-3 Unit-2 Unit-1 Return Supply Reverse return at each set of units Supply header at bottom Reverse return header at top Single vertical return to bottom Section 4 Direct and Reverse Return Systems
20 SECTION 5 WATER PIPING AND PUMPS Water Piping Components and Accessories
21 Piping Materials Typical Materials: > 2 ½ - in. Schedule 40 black steel < 2 - in. Schedule 40 black steel or Type L copper Section 5 Water Piping Components and Accessories
22 Weld & Threaded Joints Weld Thread Joint Beveled Edge to Accept Weld Male Thread Female Thread Section 5 Water Piping Components and Accessories
23 Sweat or Solvent Joint Solder or Solvent Female Connection Fitting Male Tube Capillary Space (exaggerated) Section 5 Water Piping Components and Accessories
24 Mechanical Groove Joint Coupling Clamp Section 5 Water Piping Components and Accessories
25 Various Fittings 45 Elbow 90 Short Radius Elbow Saddle Tee Cap Concentric Reducer Tee Flange Section 5 Water Piping Components and Accessories
26 Butterfly Valve (General Purpose) Used on larger pipe sizes (2½ in. and larger) Spring Lever/ Notched Plate Used for shutoff and throttling duty Threaded Lug Soft Seat Durable design, suitable for frequent operation (opening and closing) Low cost, low pressure drop Disc Section 5 Water Piping Components and Accessories
27 Gate Valve (Shutoff Duty) Gate valves are also known as stop valves Handwheel Stem Gland Not used for throttling duty Waterflow Packing Seat Disc Body Section 5 Water Piping Components and Accessories
28 Globe Valve (Balancing Duty) Handwheel Stem Gland Packing Plug Body Seat Ring Waterflow Body Section 5 Water Piping Components and Accessories
29 Angle Type (Balancing Duty) Handwheel Angle valves can replace an elbow fitting Stem Gland Packing This is the same basic design as a globe valve Seat Plug Body Section 5 Water Piping Components and Accessories
30 Y Type Valve (Balancing Duty) Stem Wheel Bushing Bonnet Waterflow Seat Body Plug Packing Section 5 Water Piping Components and Accessories
31 Plug Valve (Balancing) Stem Plug valves are used for balancing duty on smaller flow applications Waterflow Plug Flow Opening Body Section 5 Water Piping Components and Accessories
32 Ball Valve (Open/Close Service) Low cost High capacity Low leakage Tight sealing Waterflow Section 5 Water Piping Components and Accessories
33 Service Cap Body Swing Check Valve Horizontal use or vertical upward flow use only Swing Mechanism Plug Seat Waterflow Section 5 Water Piping Components and Accessories
34 Lift Check Valve Lift Mechanism Waterflow Section 5 Water Piping Components and Accessories
35 Control Valves Valve Actuator 3-Way Diverting 2 outlets 1 inlet 3-Way Mixing 2 inlets 1 outlet Section 5 Water Piping Components and Accessories 2-Way Modulating
36 Circuit Setter TM Circuit Setters TM allow for pre-set balancing of waterflow Section 5 Water Piping Components and Accessories
37 Triple Duty Valve TM Triple Duty Valve TM on pump discharge Combines shutoff, balancing, and check valve into one assembly Section 5 Water Piping Components and Accessories
38 Relative Valve Comparison Chart Relative Valve Comparison Chart $ Size Ball 1 Gate 2 Globe 2 Swing Check 1 Wafer Butterfly 3 Lug Butterfly 3 ¼ ½ Notes: 1. All sizes threaded bronze body 2. Sizes ¼ to 2-in. threaded bronze body; sizes 3 to 6-in. threaded iron body 3. All sizes cast iron body Section 5 Water Piping Components and Accessories
39 Hydronic System Components Strainers Expansion Tanks Air Separators Air Vents Thermometers, Gauges, Pete s Plugs Pipe Supports Volume Tanks Section 5 Water Piping Components and Accessories
40 Y Strainer Waterflow one direction only Strainers are most important in open loop systems Mesh Strainer Section 5 Water Piping Components and Accessories
41 Expansion Tanks Open to atmosphere Air Space Compressed Air Diaphragm Overflow Open Tank Open to air Air-water interface Drain Closed Tank Very popular Captured air space Air-water interface Closed Diaphragm Tank Flexible membrane No air-water interface Very popular Section 5 Water Piping Components and Accessories
42 Diaphragm Expansion Tank System Connection Charging Valve Very Popular Most Cost Effective Diaphragm Lifting Ring Drain (Not Shown) Section 5 Water Piping Components and Accessories
43 Air Separator Inlet Tangential flow-thru design Stainless Steel Air Collector Tube Baffle Vessel Shell (3 times the nominal inlet/outlet pipe diameter) Outlet NPT, Grooved or Flanged Connections Vertical Strainer with Bottom Access Section 5 Water Piping Components and Accessories
44 Air Vents Manual or Automatic Air Vent From Terminal Coil Service Valve 4 Pipe Diameters Locate at high points Typical Locations: Risers Coils Terminals Section 5 Water Piping Components and Accessories To Return Main
45 Thermometers, Gauges and Pete s Plug Pete s Plugs: Temperature and Pressure Ports Locate thermometers and gauges at inlets and outlets of equipment Section 5 Water Piping Components and Accessories
46 Pipe Hangers and Anchors 100 ft of 4-Inch Schedule 40 Black Steel Pipe Recommended Support Spacing for Schedule 40 Pipe Nominal Pipe Size (in.) Distance Between Supports (ft) ¾ - 1¼ 8 1½ - 2½ ½ How many pipe hangers are needed and what is their support distance? Distance between hangers is 14 ft Number of hangers = (100/14) = 7 Section 5 Water Piping Components and Accessories
47 Check for Volume Tank Requirements Rule of thumb for chilled-water systems: Suggested volume tank designs 3 gallons per nominal ton of chiller for normal air-conditioning duty 6 to 10 gallons per nominal ton of chiller for process duty or low ambient unit operation Section 5 Water Piping Components and Accessories
48 SECTION 6 WATER PIPING AND PUMPS Typical Piping Details at Equipment
49 Typical Piping Details at Equipment Piping details may vary based on the equipment used and the application. This TDP shows the details of commonly used methods. However, the methods shown do not reflect all specific project requirements. Follow manufacturer s installation literature. Section 6 Typical Piping Details at Equipment
50 Typical Piping Details At Equipment: Water-Cooled Chiller Air-Cooled Chiller Coil Piping Pump Piping Expansion Tank and Air Separator Parallel and Series Chillers Single Chiller System Multiple Chiller Systems Primary-Secondary System Primary-Only Variable Flow System Section 6 Typical Piping Details at Equipment
51 Typical Water-Cooled Chiller Piping Detail Supply Return Shutoff Valves Supply Return Thermometer (Typical) Water-Cooled Chiller Condenser Water Drain Valve Drain Flange (Typical) Valve Pressure Gauge (Typical) Strainer (if pump is on return side of chiller) Chilled Water Section 6 Typical Piping Details at Equipment
52 Typical Air-Cooled Chiller Piping Detail Air-Cooled Chiller Return Supply Pressure Gauge (Typical) Drain Valve Thermometer (Typical) Shutoff Valve (Typical) Section 6 Typical Piping Details at Equipment
53 Typical Coil Piping Detail (Chilled-Water or Hot Water) Shutoff Valve Bypass Line used with 3-way mixing valve only Supply Balancing Valve (used with mixing valve) Return Shutoff Valve Control Valve (2-Position On/Off, 2-Way Modulating or 3-Way Mixing) Balancing Valve Pete s Plug (Typical) Air-Handling Unit Coil Flange or Union Drain Valve Section 6 Typical Piping Details at Equipment
54 Typical Pump Piping Detail Return (Suction) Supply (Discharge) Shutoff Valve Check Valve Shutoff Valve Balancing Valve or Multi-Purpose Valve Flex Connectors Gauge or Pete s Plug (typical) Long Radius Elbow Drain Valve Strainer Minimum of 5 pipe diameters for end suction pumps Section 6 Typical Piping Details at Equipment
55 Typical Expansion Tank & Air Separator Piping Detail Pressure Reducing Valve w/check From Building Return Air Vent Air Separator Shutoff Valve Makeup Water Blow Down Valve Air Vent To System Expansion Tank Shutoff Valve Note: Each manufacturer has a slightly different piping arrangement. Follow the manufacturer s piping instructions for actual installation and pipe sizing. Pump Section 6 Typical Piping Details at Equipment
56 SECTION 7 WATER PIPING AND PUMPS System Piping Arrangements
57 System Piping Arrangements System piping arrangements may vary based on the equipment used and the application. The piping arrangements shown are schematics of commonly used methods. However, the methods shown do not reflect all specific project requirements. Follow manufacturer s installation literature. Section 7 System Piping Arrangements
58 Typical Piping Details System Piping Arrangements: Water-Cooled Chiller Air-Cooled Chiller Coil Piping Pump Piping Expansion Tank and Air Separator Parallel and Series Chillers Single Chiller System Multiple Chiller Systems Primary-Secondary System Primary-Only Variable Flow System Section 7 System Piping Arrangements
59 Parallel and Series Evaporators Parallel (Typically 18 F drop or less) 44 F 54 F 44 F 44 F Series (Typically greater than 18 F drop) 64 F 54 F 44 F Section 7 System Piping Arrangements
60 Single Chiller Cooling Tower Cooling Tower Air Handling Unit Water-Cooled Chiller Condenser Water Pump Chilled Water Pump Section 7 System Piping Arrangements
61 Multiple Chiller Dedicated Pumps Air Handling Units Cooling Tower Cooling Tower Water-Cooled Chiller Condenser Water Pump Chilled Water Pump Condenser Water Pump Water-Cooled Chiller Chilled Water Pump Section 7 System Piping Arrangements
62 Multiple Chiller Manifolded Pumps Air Handling Units Cooling Tower Equalization Line Cooling Tower Water-Cooled Chiller Automatic Isolation Valves Chilled Water Pumps Condenser Water Pumps Water-Cooled Chiller Section 7 System Piping Arrangements
63 Multiple Chiller Series-Counteflow Section 7 System Piping Arrangements
64 Primary-Secondary System Production Loop (primary) Building System Loop (secondary) Hydraulic Decoupler (Bridge) Alternate Bypass Line minimum chiller flow Secondary pumping station One pump active, the other standby (lead-lag) Pumps are VFD-equipped if all coils are 2-way Matches secondary flow to coil loads Hydraulic decoupler maintains constant primary flow Section 7 System Piping Arrangements
65 Primary-Only Variable-Flow Automatic Isolation Valves Control Valve, sized for minimum chiller flow Bypass Flow Meter Variable Speed Primary Pumps Section 7 System Piping Arrangements
66 Chiller Head Pressure Control with Diverting Valve Cooling Tower Method 1 Water-Cooled Chiller Condenser Water Pump Diverting Valve Section 7 System Piping Arrangements
67 Chiller Head Pressure Control with 100% Condenser Flow Cooling Tower Method 2 Diverting Valve Water-Cooled Chiller Condenser Water Pump Section 7 System Piping Arrangements
68 Chiller Head Pressure Control with Modulating Valve Cooling Tower Method 3 Modulating Valve Water-Cooled Chiller Condenser Water Pump Section 7 System Piping Arrangements
69 SECTION 8 WATER PIPING AND PUMPS Pump Basics and Types of Pumps
70 Pump Terms Capacity: Volume flow measured in gallons per minute (gpm) Head: Pressure at the base of a column of water is usually measured by the height of the water column in feet Feet Pressure Section 8 Pump Basics and Types of Pumps
71 Pumping Head Hd Hs Hd Hu Hs Closed System (evaporator) Suction head is Hs Discharge head is Hd Hs = Hd Pump must overcome friction loss of the piping circuit only Open System (condenser) Discharge head = Hd Unbalanced head = Hu Suction head = (Hd - Hu) Pump overcomes friction losses plus Hu Section 8 Pump Basics and Types of Pumps
72 Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) (P) Pressure at Suction Flange Pump Discharge A minimum positive pressure (P) at the pump suction flange is required to prevent cavitation, which is the formation of vapor bubbles. Impeller Eye Section 8 Pump Basics and Types of Pumps
73 Typical Pump Cross-Section Coupler Suction Bearings Mechanical Seal Motor Centrifugal Impeller Coupler Discharge Section 8 Pump Basics and Types of Pumps
74 Head - ft Flat Versus Steep Pump Curve Characterized by the slope of the pump curve Flat or steep Flat Pump Curve Steep Pump Curve Flow - gpm Flat pump curve Head varies slightly as flow changes More applicable on closed systems where variable flow may be used (chilled water circuit) Steep pump curve Head varies significantly as flow changes More applicable in open circuits (tower) where high head with constant flow may exist Section 8 Pump Basics and Types of Pumps
75 Head - ft Desirable Head - Capacity Curve Very Flat Characterized by the slope of the pump curve Flat or steep Flat pump curve Head varies slightly as flow changes More applicable on closed systems where variable flow may be used (chilled water circuit) Very Steep Capacity - gpm Good for HVAC Steep pump curve Head varies significantly as flow changes More applicable in open circuits (tower) where high head with constant flow may exist Section 8 Pump Basics and Types of Pumps
76 Crossover Point of Pump and System Curves Head - ft Shutoff Pump Curve Full Flow System Curve Pipe Friction Head Static Head Capacity - gpm Section 8 Pump Basics and Types of Pumps
77 Effect of Overestimating Pump Head Head - ft Pump Head- Capacity Curve Design gpm against overestimated head System Head Actual bhp Actual gpm against actual head Estimated bhp Capacity - gpm Section 8 Pump Basics and Types of Pumps
78 Parallel Pumps (Two Identical Pumps) H Single Pump Curve Parallel Pump Curve gpm 2 gpm 2 gpm 1 gpm 1 Two identical pumps in parallel Resulting gpm doubles Plot result to obtain parallel pump curve gpm Section 8 Pump Basics and Types of Pumps
79 Series Pumps (Two Identical Pumps) H 1 H 2 Single Pump Curve Head 1 Series Pump Curve Head 1 Head 2 Head 2 Two identical pumps in series Resulting head doubles Plot result to obtain series pump curve gpm Section 8 Pump Basics and Types of Pumps
80 Variable Speed Pumping System Curve Constant Speed Pump Curve bhp 2 = bhp 1 (rpm 2 / rpm 1 ) 3 Where: bhp = brake horsepower Capacity - gpm As control valves modulate, the differential pressure across supply and return lines rises sending signal to VFD to modulate pump speed Operating point moves along system curve to new rpm line (points A - B - C) According to the pump affinity laws the energy savings is a cubed function of the ratio of the pump speeds Section 8 Pump Basics and Types of Pumps
81 Pump Selection Process 1. Determine cooling or heating loads to be pumped 2. Find load gpm from equipment selections 3. Find total pumping gpm 4. Establish most resistant pumping path in loop 5. Select pump from manufacturer s data 6. Flat curved pumps for closed systems with control valves 7. Steep curved pumps for open systems 8. Find final operating point 9. Check for start-up conditions 10. Select motor accordingly Section 8 Pump Basics and Types of Pumps
82 Electronic Pump Selection 100 ft 1000 gpm Screen Capture courtesy of: Suction Size = 6 Max Imp Dia = 9 Design Capacity = ITT Bell & Gossett Discharge Size = 5 Max Imp Dia = 11 Design Head = Feet 8200 N. Austin Cut Dia = Motor Size = 40 HP Morton Grove, Il Section 8 Pump Basics and Types of Pumps
83 In-Line Pump Small capacity design Motor Pump Assembly Section 8 Pump Basics and Types of Pumps
84 Close-Coupled Pump Internal Self-Flushing Seal Section 8 Pump Basics and Types of Pumps
85 Base-Mounted End Suction Pump Discharge Short Shaft Coupling Guard Motor Suction Welded Steel Frame provides support and installation ease Section 8 Pump Basics and Types of Pumps
86 Double-Suction Vertical Split Case Pump Vertical Suction and Discharge Large-capacity designs for chillers and cooling towers Section 8 Pump Basics and Types of Pumps
87 Double-Suction Horizontal Split Case Pump Pump Coupling Guard Motor Large-capacity design for chillers and cooling towers Section 8 Pump Basics and Types of Pumps
88 Pump Type Comparison Pump Type Cost Flow & Head Capability Space Required Ease of Service In Line Least ft Least 1 Poor 5 Close- Coupled End Suction Vertical Split Case Horizontal Split Case 2 2, ft , ft , ft 4 2 Highest 5 40, ft Most 5 Good 3 Section 8 Pump Basics and Types of Pumps
89 SECTION 9 WATER PIPING AND PUMPS Pump Sizing and Pump Selection Example
90 Pipe Sizing and Pump Selection Example Given: Chiller 100 Tons 12.4 ft Cooler Pressure Drop 11.0 ft Condenser Pressure Drop 22.6 gals, Cooler Water Volume AHU-1 AHU-2 45-Ton Load 9.9 ft Pressure Drop 55-Ton Load 13.4 ft Pressure Drop Find: Entering Chilled Water Leaving Chilled Water Entering Condenser Water Leaving Condenser Water Air Separator Pressure Drop Pipe Sizes Pump Head & Flow If a volume tank is required 54 F 44 F 85 F 95 F 1.3 ft Section 9 Pump Sizing and Pump Selection Example
91 Step 1 - Determine Water Velocity in the Piping Service Recommended Water Velocities Velocity Range (fps) Pump discharge 8 to 12 Pump suction 4 to 7 Drain line 4 to 7 Header 4 to 15 Mains and Riser 3 to 10 Branches and Runouts 5 to 10 City water 3 to 07 Section 9 Pump Sizing and Pump Selection Example
92 Step 2 Determine Piping Friction Losses Section 9 Pump Sizing and Pump Selection Example Chart 1 - Friction Loss for Closed-Loop System Schedule 40 Steel Pipe Chart 2 - Friction Loss for Open-Loop System Schedule 40 Steel Chart 3 - Friction Loss for Open and Closed Copper Tubing System (Type M) Table 5 - Friction Loss of Valves Table 6 - Friction Loss of Pipe Fittings Table 7 - Friction Loss of Special Fittings Table 8 - Friction Loss Control Valves and Strainers
93 Step 3 - Gather Specific Component Pressure Drops Chiller 30 Series Cooler PD 12.4 ft wg Condenser PD 11.0 ft wg AHU-1 39 Series Cooling Coil PD 9.9 ft wg AHU-2 39 Series Cooling Coil PD 13.4 ft wg Tower From BAC Unbalanced head 6.5 ft wg Air Separator Required Nozzle Pressure From Bell and Gossett From Product Literature 12.5 ft wg 1.3 ft wg Section 9 Pump Sizing and Pump Selection Example
94 Step 4 Review Piping Layout and Calculate GPMs Cooling Tower 3 Condenser Loop gpm 28 5 H 150 gpm per pump C Water-Cooled Chiller Located on ground floor Section 9 Pump Sizing and Pump Selection Example
95 Step 5 Size Pipe & Find Friction Rate for Condenser Water Loop Using Chart 2, size the pipe and find the friction rate per 100 ft Section 9 Pump Sizing and Pump Selection Example
96 Step 6 Find Longest Circuit Pressure Drop Cooling Tower 3 Condenser Loop Find longest circuit pressure drop by adding all fittings and pipe lengths gpm 28 5 H C Water-Cooled Chiller Located on ground floor Section 9 Pump Sizing and Pump Selection Example
97 Step 7 Sum Pressure Drops for Pump Selection Friction Head 36.0 ft wg Unbalanced Head 6.5 ft Pressure Drop-Thru Condenser 11.0 ft Cooling Tower Nozzles 12.5 ft Total Pump Head gpm Each condenser pump handles 66 ft at 150 gpm Section 9 Pump Sizing and Pump Selection Example
98 Step 7 (Cont d) Computerized Pump Selection Individual Pump Selection 66 ft 150 gpm Screen Capture courtesy of: Pump Series: 1510 Max Imp Dia = 7 Design Capacity = ITT Bell & Gossett Suction Size = 2.5 Max Imp Dia = 9.5 Design Head = N. Austin Discharge Size = 2 Cut Dia = Motor Size = 5 HP Morton Grove, Il Section 9 Pump Sizing and Pump Selection Example
99 Step 7 (Cont d) Computerized Pump Selection Parallel (2) Pump Selection 66 ft Pump Series: 1510 Max Imp Dia = 7 Design Capacity = ITT Bell & Gossett Suction Size = 2.5 Max Imp Dia = 9.5 Design Head = N. Austin Discharge Size = 2 Cut Dia = Motor Size = 5 HP Morton Grove, Il The Power and Eff. Curves shown are only for single pump operation. Section 9 Pump Sizing and Pump Selection Example 300 gpm Screen Capture courtesy of:
100 Step 8 Size Pipe & Find Friction Rate for Chilled Water Loop Section 9 Pump Sizing and Pump Selection Example
101 Step 8 Size the Chilled Water Loop Chilled Water Loop Water-Cooled Chiller AHU gpm AHU gpm gpm 10 5 C Air Handling Units Way Mixing Valve N 5 1 Air Separator 2 Section 9 Pump Sizing and Pump Selection Example
102 Step 8 (Cont d) Sum Pressure Drops for Pump Friction Head 15.5 ft wg Pressure Drop Thru Cooler 12.4 ft Pressure Drop Thru Air Separator 1.3 ft Pressure Drop Thru AHU # ft Total Pump Head gpm Each chilled water pump handles 42.6 ft at 120 gpm Section 9 Pump Sizing and Pump Selection Example
103 Step 9 Check Evaporator Loop Volume 100-ton chiller 3 gallons/ton = 300 gallons required Total number of gallons in the system = (see text) 300 gallons required gallons = gallon volume tank necessary
104 System Syzer Calculator Section 9 Pump Sizing and Pump Selection Example
105 SECTION 10 WATER PIPING AND PUMPS Summary
106 Summary Compared the 3 types of piping systems Identified the 4 types of water distribution systems Differentiated between direct return and reverse return systems Identified the various valves and hydronic accessories available for use in piping systems Diagrammed typical piping hookups for chillers, pumps, and cooling towers Sized the piping for a closed and an open-loop system Identified the types of water pumps, their features, and the selection process Section 10 Summary
107 Work Session WATER PIPING AND PUMPS Work Session 1. A chilled water system is a loop system. 2. A condenser water system with a cooling tower is a loop system. 3. What are the 4 types of valves that can be used for balancing/throttling? Work Session
108 Technical Development Program Thank You This completes the presentation. TDP 502 Water Piping and Pumps Artwork from Symbol Library used by permission of Software Toolbox
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