A Novel Approach to Garbage Management Using Internet of Things for Smart Cities

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1 e-issn Volume 2 Issue 5, May 2016 pp Scientific Journal Impact Factor : A Novel Approach to Garbage Management Using Internet of Things for Smart Cities Kasliwal Manasi H. 1, Suryawanshi Smitkumar B. 2 1,2 Electronics and Telecommunication, R.H.Sapat College Of Enginnering Abstract Last few years have witnessed a tremendous growth in the rate of population which implied a necessity of economical urban development plans. Now using emerging technologies and vital approach, smart cities are developing all over the world. Without a smart waste management system, any smart city is incomplete. This paper represents the application of proposed model of Garbage Management using Internet of Things for Smart Cities in organizing the garbage collection system of residential or commercial areas. In the proposed system, the level of waste material in the garbage bin has been detected with the help of ultrasonic sensor and it will continuously communicate to the authorized control room through GSM module. Micro-controller is used to interface the sensor system with GSM system. A GUI is also developed to supervise the desired information related to the garbage for various selected locations. This system will help to assure a healthy and hygienic environment. Keywords Microcontroller, GSM, GUI, Ultrasonic Sensor, IoT I. INTRODUCTION Nowadays population is increasing rapidly, which results in lack of public awareness and people invest less money in programs related to the waste management. This has been creating a huge health issues all over the world. Proper management of waste materials is important to maintain healthy and hygienic environment to live [1]. As per the research of CPHEEO (Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organization) the total amount of waste generated in India is approximately 1.3 pounds per person every single day. This figure is comparatively less compared to 4.6 pounds of waste generated per person everyday in the United State (U.S.) [2]. But the U.S. population was approximately 307 million in July 2009, whereas India s population was 1.2 billion. These statistics shows that India is generating almost 27 million more tons of waste than the U.S. every year [3]. Government of India have been struggling for many years to find a way to manage the country s increasing amount of garbage. To manage this garbage, there are some methods that has already been developed. The first method was developed using LCD and weight sensor. They have used weight sensor for detecting the weight of garbage in the dustbin, however weight sensor doesn t give any information about the distance in the dustbin [4]. So, a latest system they have replaced weight sensor with IR sensor to sense the distance between garbage in dustbin. The IR sensor radiates light. IR sensor consists of transmitter and receiver. Now, in our system we are replacing the IR sensor with ultrasonic sensor. In proposed system Ardiuno uno board along with GSM module is used for wireless communication with control room and the cleaner. The detailed workflow of system is further discussed in paper. II. METHODS AND MATERIALS We are using the Arduino Uno board, ultrasonic sensor, GSM module and MATLAB based GUI. The specifications of all modules are enlisted one by one in detail in the following All rights Reserved 348

2 2.1. Arduino Uno Board International Journal of Current Trends in Engineering & Research (IJCTER) Figure 1. Arduino Uno Board Arduino Uno is ATmega328 microcontroller based board. It operates on 16 MHz clock frequency. It has operating frequency of 5V and input voltage as 7-12V. It consists of total 14 digital I/O pins and analog I/O pins. ATmega328 is having 32 KB of flash memory out of which 0.5KB memory is used by boot loader. Arduino Uno board consists of external power supply reset switch USB plug etc Ultrasonic Sensor Figure 2.Ultrasonic Sensor The basic working principle is using I/O trigger for at least 10μs high level signal, the module automatically sends 40 khz pulse and detects if there is a pulse reflected back. If the signal reflects back in the form of high pulse, then the time taken between the instance of sending trigger pulse and the reception of echo pulse is the total time of high output I/O duration. It use electrical mechanical energy transformation to measure distance between the sensor and target object 2.3. GSM Modem Figure 3.GSM All rights Reserved 349

3 GSM modem has a supply voltage range of about 3.8V-4.1V [5]. It is a low power consumption device (1.5mA) with sleep mode. It also has operating temperature from -40ºC to 85ºC. To get easily connected to various devices, it has communication interfaces like serial port, RS232 USB. The power supply circuit has also been provided on GSM module. III. WORKING PRINCIPLE The working of our system is unpretentious [6]. Fig.2 shows the block diagram of Smart Garbage Management System. In our system, there is a requirement of master and slave units. Slave unit is placed in the garbage bin likely wise master unit is placed at the control room. Slave unit consists of Arduino Uno board which has Atmega328 IC, ultrasonic sensor and GSM module. The entire circuit is placed at top of the dustbin. In ultrasonic sensor, the trigger pulse is continuously sent in the dustbin and echo pulse reflects back to ultrasonic sensor. Ultrasonic sensor continuously checks the garbage level in dustbin [7]. Once the level of garbage reaches to specified threshold values, ultrasonic sensor gives indication to Arduino Uno board and through GSM, SMS will be send to control room which will indicate that the Please inform the cleaner of specific floor as the dustbin of that floor is full. In master unit when the SMS is received at control room, it will indicate on GUI the percentage of approximate garbage collection of that floor and it will automatically inform the cleaner of that floor [8]. Figure 4.Block Diagram of Smart Garbage Management System GUI means graphical user interface. It provides a user friendly environment to carry certain operations [9]. The GUI for smart garbage management system proposed by authors is developed using MATLAB 2014 software. GUI is used to display different parameters and information regarding the garbage and garbage collection viz. location of dustbin, status of the dustbin, date & time of garbage collection as shown in Fig.5. GUI also has the provision to display the name and mobile number of the cleaner, who is responsible for cleaning the dust bin of particular All rights Reserved 350

4 Figure 5.GUI Interface on MATLAB Fig.6 shows the flowchart of working of our system. Ultrasonic sensor placed inside the dustbin continuously checks its status, whether it is full or not [10]. If the overflow of garbage over the predefined threshold occurs, then a message will be sent to the control room indicating the overflow of concerned garbage bin. Message will also be sent to the specific cleaner of that dustbin. Also, status of the dustbin will be updated when it is cleaned. Figure All rights Reserved 351

5 IV. RESULTS Proposed system delivers desired results. As wastes in the dustbin increase, the distance measured by the ultrasonic sensor placed at top of dustbin also reduces. When this distance becomes less than 25cm, a message is sent to the control room indicating the overflow along with the floor number of the dustbin. Before sending message to control room ultrasonic sensor check for 10sec whether the garbage level detected is correct or if it is false vale. If the detected vale is false vale, then ultrasonic sensor will not send any value and keep collecting further values. If values are true, then it will send message to control room. In control room there is GUI interface on MATLAB which will show cleaner s name, his mobile number, dustbin level and location of dustbin. Then, a message is sent to the cleaner of that floor. Also, status of each dustbin (percentage of being filled) is sent to the control room, every passing hour. Figure 7. Slave Section Figure 8. Control room Figure 9. Sending message to cleaner Figure 7 represents slave section. We can clearly see that it is consist of ARDUINO Uno board, ultrasonic sensor, GSM modem and battery. Battery is required to provide 9V supply to GSM modem as well as all other circuits. In this section the garbage detection procedure takes place. Once the garbage detection results are as per requirement, then message will be send to control room. Figure 8 shows the control circuitry. In last figure 9, the message has been sent to cleaner to come and clean garbage of given location. For more details and live demonstration please visit this link: All rights Reserved 352

6 REFERENCES [1] Microsoft Excel Dashboard & Reports, of Michael Alexander, John Walkenbach and Wiley. [2] Trash Plant: India, by Marian Look earth911b. [3] Feature of Solid waste Management Project. [4] Microtronics Technologies, GSM based garbage and waste collection bins overflow indicator. [5] Arebey, M. ; Hannan, M.A. ; Basri, H. ; Begum, R.A., Solid waste monitoring system integration based on RFID, GPS and camera, IEEE International Conference on Intelligent and Advanced Systems (ICIAS). [6] Islam, M.S. ; Arebey, M. ; Hannan, M.A. ; Basri, H., Overview for solid waste bin monitoring and collection Systems,IEEE International Conference on Innovation Management and Technology Research (ICIMTR), [7] Alberto Rovettaa, Fan Xiuminb, c, Federico Vicentinia,,, Zhu Minghuab, c, Alessandro Giustia, He Qichang Early detection and evaluation of waste through sensorized containers for a collection monitoring application Science Direct Journal. [8] B.Chowdhury and M. U. Chowdhury, "RFID-based real-time smart waste management system," Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference, ATNAC Australasian, Christchurch, 2007, pp [9] A. Rionda et al., "UrVAMM A full service for environmental-urban and driving monitoring of professional fleets," new Concepts in Smart Cities: Fostering Public and Private Alliances (SmartMILE), 2013 International Conference on, Gijon, 2013, pp [10] S. Thakker and R. Narayanamoorthi, "Smart and wireless waste management," Innovations in Information, Embedded and Communication Systems (ICIIECS), 2015 International Conference on, Coimbatore, 2015, pp [11] P. McFdries, "The city as system [Tchnically Seaking]," in IEEE Spectrum, vol. 51, no. 4, pp , April All rights Reserved 353