COMMERCIAL PROPANE APPLICATIONS: FURNACES

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1 COMMERCIAL PROPANE APPLICATIONS: FURNACES FACT SHEET Commercial gas furnaces are self-contained units that supply heated air to condition a wide variety of buildings. Many commercial HVAC designs use commonly available propane furnaces to efficiently and effectively heat commercial spaces. PERFORMANCE Propane furnaces offer great flexibility in both the type and capacity of the equipment, which makes them a good fit for many different commercial buildings. Smaller residential-scale units can range in capacity from 44,000 Btu/h up to 180,000 Btu/h with efficiency levels of 80 percent to 98.5 percent AFUE. Larger units with capacities greater than 225,000 Btu/h are measured by their Thermal Efficiency (ET), and can reach capacities greater than 1 million Btu/h. A critical feature of these furnaces is their ability to condition different zones of a building. This allows the use of multiple, smaller furnaces (often packaged as Roof Top Units or RTUs) to be installed to meet the heating needs of just one part of a building. Zoning offers improved efficiency and temperature control in the space, as well as modularity that can simplify installation and maintenance. High efficiency propane furnaces generally those with efficiency levels above 90 percent AFUE capture additional heat from the combustion gasses and use this to increase the heat transfer of the furnace for greater efficiency. Many high efficiency propane furnaces are two-stage or variable speed units, so the furnace heats the building steadily and comfortably. And the heated air leaving the furnace is significantly warmer than temperatures offered by electric heat pumps. ENERGY EFFICIENCY The propane furnace is a versatile unit capable of meeting the heating demand of any commercial space. Smaller capacity propane furnaces can even qualify for Energy Star s Most Efficient label, which translates to energy savings of 20 percent or more on energy costs over a standard furnace. In addition to high efficiency equipment, properly sized furnaces and RTUs help to optimize efficiency by reducing energy costs and increasing the life of the equipment. ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND COSTS High efficiency propane furnaces can provide energy, cost, and carbon savings in both new and existing buildings. To show these benefits, TABLE 1 compares a high efficiency propane furnace with a standard heat pump featuring an HSPF of 7.7 with electric resistance backup heating in a typical new 3,600-square-foot retail space. Due to the large variety of commercial heating applications and the range of building sizes, this example was chosen to reflect a small commercial building or even a single zone within a larger commercial building. APPLICATIONS FOR USE Office Space Retail Multifamily Buildings Schools Restaurants Medical Buildings Warehouses AT A GLANCE Offer flexibility in both type and capacity of equipment. Steady, comfortable, warmer heat than electric heat pumps. Capacity from 44,000 Btu/h up to more than 1 million Btu/h. Efficiency levels of 80 percent to 98.5 percent AFUE.

2 COMMERCIAL FACT SHEET FURNACES ENVIRONMENTAL As the example in the table illustrates, propane heating systems can offer a much smaller carbon footprint than other commercial heating options. CO ² emissions from heat pump RTUs are highest during the coldest months, when these units will rely more on electric resistance backup heating. This form of heating is inefficient, and in areas where electricity is generated from coal-fired power plants this translates into heavier CO ² emissions. By comparison, an RTU with a propane furnace providing some or all of the heating will produce lower CO ² emissions often on the order of 50 percent lower, as the example shows. TABLE 1 HIGH EFFICIENCY PROPANE FURNACE VS. STANDARD HEAT PUMP REGION Northeast Midwest Northwest Notes: HEATING SYSTEM Propane Furnace Energy Star Most Efficient Heat Pump (air source) Standard Efficiency Propane Furnace Energy Star Most Efficient Heat Pump (air source) Standard Efficiency Propane Furnace Energy Star Most Efficient Heat Pump (air source) Standard Efficiency a. Assumed rates $0.15 kw for electric and $2.00 per gallon for propane. ANNUAL ENERGY COSTS a, b ANNUAL CO ² EMISSIONS FROM HEATING c $2, tons $2, tons $2, tons $3, tons $2, tons $3, tons b. Energy rates vary. Please check for the most up to date national energy cost. Commercial property owners should also consider the electric Demand Charge ($/kw) in estimating their unit costs. Heavy electric demand at any given time, as would be the case with heat pumps, will increase Demand Charges. c. CO ² emissions from system operation, in tons per year. The average car emits 5-8 tons of CO ² a year. Lower is better. FOR MORE INFORMATION To learn more about furnaces and the Propane Education & Research Council, visit buildwithpropane.com. Propane Education & Research Council / 1140 Connecticut Ave. NW, Suite 1075 / Washington, DC P / F / propanecouncil.org The Propane Education & Research Council was authorized by the U.S. Congress with the passage of Public Law , the Propane Education and Research Act (PERA), signed into law on October 11, The mission of the Propane Education & Research Council is to promote the safe, efficient use of odorized propane gas as a preferred energy source by the Propane Education & Research Council 5104-FS-14

3 COMMERCIAL PROPANE APPLICATIONS: BOILERS FACT SHEET Propane boilers offer value to commercial buildings by serving both space heating and hot water applications with high efficiency levels, reliable systems, and versatile designs. PERFORMANCE Commercial propane boilers are used to generate hot water or steam for various building applications. They can be categorized as either condensing or non condensing types, with condensing units having higher efficiency ratings. In space heating applications, these boilers can work in conjunction with a number of heating delivery systems. For hot water supply, propane boilers can provide high volumes of hot water for domestic consumption as well as related applications like laundry typically with the same boiler that provides space heating. The ability to supply domestic hot water in addition to space heating makes propane boilers ideal candidates for commercial installations. Propane boilers are available in a wide range of heating capacities to support many applications, with inputs reaching as high as 8,660,000 Btu/h. As seen in TABLE 1, propane offers both the smallest input and largest output rates when compared with heating oil boilers to adapt for use. Multiple boilers can also be banked together for larger system capacities, while also offering a redundant system design. TABLE 1 COMMERCIAL BOILER SPECIFICATIONS FOR PROPANE, HEATING OIL Propane Input (Btu/h) Propane Output (Btu/h) Heating Oil Input (Btu/h) Heating Oil Output (Btu/h) MINIMUM RATING MAXIMUM RATING 100,000 8,660,000 91,000 7,283, ,000 8,400, ,000 7,283,000 Note: Data for Commercial Boilers compiled from AHRI Directory of Certified Product Performance, March ENERGY EFFICIENCY Propane boilers have a range of efficiencies that work with many commercial building applications. Some propane boilers are Energy Star qualified and have AFUE ratings of 85 percent or greater, making them at least six percent more efficient than minimum efficiency models. Further, propane boilers qualifying for Energy Star s Most Efficient label meaning an AFUE of 95 percent or greater can save up to 17 percent on energy costs over a minimum efficiency boiler. APPLICATIONS FOR USE Restaurants Retail Education Hospitality Multifamily Buildings Hospitals AT A GLANCE Used for both space heating and hot water applications. Capacity as high as 8,660,000 Btu/h input. Significantly more energy efficient and environmentally friendly compared with heating oil boilers.

4 COMMERCIAL FACT SHEET BOILERS ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND COSTS In both new commercial buildings as well as retrofits, propane boilers can provide strong value. For example, in a recent retrofit of a YMCA in the Northeast United States, a high efficiency, propane-powered boiler system for both space heating and hot water purposes was installed, with an annual energy cost savings of roughly $23,500. With a first cost of approximately $120,000, the propane space/water heating system will completely pay for itself in about 5 years. High efficiency propane boilers used for space heating and water heating systems may also qualify for a variety of federal, state, and utility credits or incentives. Rebates and incentives will reduce first costs and accelerate payback time frames. Visit the Database of State Incentives for Renewables & Efficiency (dsireusa.org) to see what incentives may apply. ENVIRONMENTAL High efficiency propane boiler systems deliver major environmental benefits compared with heating oil. Propane combustion is cleaner than heating oil, resulting in lower CO ² emissions. For instance, the new combination space and water heating system at the YMCA project described above is keeping over 183,000 pounds of CO ² from entering the atmosphere every year. In more tangible terms, this is like taking 17 cars off the road every year. FOR MORE INFORMATION To learn more about commercial boilers and the Propane Education & Research Council, visit buildwithpropane.com. Propane Education & Research Council / 1140 Connecticut Ave. NW, Suite 1075 / Washington, DC P / F / propanecouncil.org The Propane Education & Research Council was authorized by the U.S. Congress with the passage of Public Law , the Propane Education and Research Act (PERA), signed into law on October 11, The mission of the Propane Education & Research Council is to promote the safe, efficient use of odorized propane gas as a preferred energy source by the Propane Education & Research Council 5105-FS-14

5 COMMERCIAL PROPANE APPLICATIONS: TANKLESS WATER HEATERS FACT SHEET Propane tankless water heaters offer an innovative, high performance water heating solution for commercial applications. They are effective in both new commercial projects and as replacements for existing storage tank systems. PERFORMANCE Tankless water heaters don t store water, and instead have a gas burner that ignites to heat water only when a faucet, appliance, or other need occurs. Individual tankless units can meet the demand of many small commercial building applications, and in high-demand commercial applications, such as hotels and restaurants where high flow rates and/or high temperatures are crucial, banking multiple units together in larger groups provides a high value design solution. The tankless nature of this technology avoids the excessive energy use of storing large volumes of hot water and greatly reduces the space requirements for the system. These units are extremely efficient compared with storage tank options, including operating costs significantly lower than electric water heating systems. Furthermore, the compact design of propane tankless units saves valuable square footage within commercial buildings. ENERGY EFFICIENCY Achieving an efficiency rating of up to 98 percent, propane tankless water heaters utilize a condensing design, where additional thermal energy is extracted from the combustion gasses to heat incoming water. Standby losses don t affect tankless systems because most don t store water, so building owners aren t paying to heat water they are not using. Energy Star rated units have the potential to use 25 percent less energy than a conventional commercial water heater. The Energy Star rating criteria for commercial units are shown in TABLE 1 along with product availability data. TABLE 1 ENERGY STAR RATING CRITERIA FOR GAS TANKLESS WATER HEATERS AND PRODUCT AVAILABILITY COMMERCIAL WATER HEATERS GAS/PROPANE Thermal Efficiency 0.94 Energy Factor 0.93 Units Available (propane/natural gas) Beyond very high efficiency ratings, a life-cycle as long as 20 years ¹ for propane tankless systems also helps strengthen their value proposition in commercial applications. Although propane tankless water heaters may carry a higher initial capital cost, they can offer very attractive paybacks, better reliability, and long-term energy savings. 53 When comparing propane tankless systems with commercial electric storage tanks, building owners and engineers should consider electric demand charges. In addition to the electric rate a facility will pay per kilowatt hour, most commercial utility tariffs also include a demand charge based APPLICATIONS FOR USE Restaurants Education Hospitality Multifamily Buildings Hospitals Laundromats Salons Health Clubs AT A GLANCE Avoid excessive energy use of storing large volumes of hot water. Compact, space-saving design. Endless, on-demand hot water. Lower CO 2 emissions compared with both electric storage tank and heating oil systems. 1. U.S. DOE, Tankless or Demand-Type Water Heaters.

6 COMMERCIAL FACT SHEET TANKLESS WATER HEATERS on the peak demand drawn by the facility. This charge reflects the load that the facility places on generation and transmission systems, and can be as high as several hundred dollars per month. Limiting demand from large electric equipment including high kw-rated electric water heaters is a key strategy to reducing the demand charge and lowering overall energy costs, and should be considered in any analysis of propane versus electric equipment. ENVIRONMENTAL Nearly all water heating systems will have some environmental impact linked to their operations in the form of CO ² emissions. With electric systems, the upstream electric power generation creates CO ² emissions. Based on energy and environmental analysis of different energy sources,² propane tankless systems offer: 50 percent to 60 percent lower CO ² emissions compared with electric storage tank systems. Up to 50 percent lower CO ² emissions compared with heating oil storage tank systems in the Northeast. These numbers reflect water heating systems for small commercial building types, but the emission advantages of propane tankless scale to larger systems as well. Such significant reductions can support corporate sustainability programs and emission reduction policies. 2. Build with Propane, Energy Calculator. FOR MORE INFORMATION To learn more about commercial tankless water heaters and the Propane Education & Research Council, visit buildwithpropane.com. Propane Education & Research Council / 1140 Connecticut Ave. NW, Suite 1075 / Washington, DC P / F / propanecouncil.org The Propane Education & Research Council was authorized by the U.S. Congress with the passage of Public Law , the Propane Education and Research Act (PERA), signed into law on October 11, The mission of the Propane Education & Research Council is to promote the safe, efficient use of odorized propane gas as a preferred energy source by the Propane Education & Research Council 5106-FS-14

7 COMMERCIAL PROPANE APPLICATIONS: STORAGE TANK WATER HEATERS FACT SHEET Propane storage water heaters provide a versatile, proven, efficient, and dependable solution for many commercial applications, both in new construction and as replacement units in existing buildings. PERFORMANCE Storage tank units offer superior hot water delivery and reduced energy costs compared with traditional electrical storage tank units, and come in a wide range of capacities to meet the hot water demands in any commercial building. Tank type water heaters maintain hot water temperatures, depending on the need of the commercial business, typically at degrees Fahrenheit. Commercial storage tank water heaters are more robust versions of the residential units. Typically, they are labeled for 200,000 Btu/h or more. The storage tank capacities are often 100 gallons or more, and can heat water up to 180 degrees Fahrenheit. These higher temperature levels are often needed for sanitation purposes such as cleaning dishes in a restaurant. Propane storage tank water heaters work well in many commercial applications, offering the following advantages: Faster recovery rates compared with electric storage tank units. Scalable to meet a wide range of hot water demands. Generally lower operating costs compared with heating oil or electric storage tank units. Smaller gas/propane line compared with tankless units that often require a larger line. Easily adapted to re-circulation applications, which are increasingly common designs to save energy and water and expedite hot water delivery. Resist hard water complications better than electric heaters. Easy integration into solar hot water systems as a storage and back-up heating component. ENERGY EFFICIENCY New propane storage tank water heaters have efficiency features such as added insulation to reduce heat loss from the stored water, and electronic ignition to eliminate the fuel consumption of a standing pilot light. Newer units also have increased burner surface area to optimize heat transfer and overall efficiency. Propane storage water heaters are often compared with electrical storage units based on energy costs and overall performance. Various estimation tools are available, including an online calculator from the Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) used to compare propane storage versus electric for a small to moderate commercial applications. APPLICATIONS FOR USE Restaurants Retail Education Hospitality Multifamily Buildings Hospitals Laundromats Salons Health Clubs AT A GLANCE Superior hot water delivery and reduced energy costs compared with electric units. Large tank capacities often over 100 gallons meet high-volume demands. Heat water up to 180 degrees Fahrenheit. Faster recovery rates than electric storage tank units.

8 COMMERCIAL FACT SHEET STORAGE TANK WATER HEATERS As TABLE 1 shows, the propane water heater can provide significant annual energy cost savings. Further, in the example, the propane storage water heater offered life-cycle savings of over $7,700. ENVIRONMENTAL Except for water heaters powered solely by renewable energy, any system will have some environmental impact, in the form of CO 2 emissions, with annual CO 2 output emission rates varying depending on fuel sources. Propane offers the advantage of lower emission rates when compared with electricity. This is driven by a large portion of the nation s electricity being generated in coal-fired power plants, which have a heavy carbon footprint. TABLE 1 ENERGY COST RESULTS FOR PROPANE AND ELECTRIC WATER HEATERS INPUTS PROPANE STORAGE ELECTRIC STORAGE Energy Factor Unit of Measure 1,140 gallons 21,564 kwh Annual Energy Cost $2,284 $3,235 Lifetime Energy Cost $23,685 $31,412 Life Expectance (years) Assumed Daily Water Consumption (gal) Notes: Assumed rates $0.15 kw for electric and $2.00 per gallon for propane. Commercial property owners should also consider the electric Demand Charge ($/kw) in estimating their unit costs. Heavy electric demand at any given time, as would be the case with electric water heaters, will increase Demand Charges. Calculator Site: FOR MORE INFORMATION To learn more about commercial storage tank water heaters and the Propane Education & Research Council, visit buildwithpropane.com. Propane Education & Research Council / 1140 Connecticut Ave. NW, Suite 1075 / Washington, DC P / F / propanecouncil.org The Propane Education & Research Council was authorized by the U.S. Congress with the passage of Public Law , the Propane Education and Research Act (PERA), signed into law on October 11, The mission of the Propane Education & Research Council is to promote the safe, efficient use of odorized propane gas as a preferred energy source by the Propane Education & Research Council 5107-FS-14

9 COMMERCIAL PROPANE APPLICATIONS: COOKING EQUIPMENT FACT SHEET Propane cooking equipment delivers the performance professionals want while decreasing fuel consumption and providing convenience and functionality in any commercial kitchen. Propane cooking equipment is an effective option for newly constructed kitchens, replacing aging and inefficient equipment in existing facilities, and kitchen space fit-outs for new owners/tenants. New propanepowered Energy Star certified equipment is 10 percent to 70 percent more efficient than standard equipment, (TABLE 1) depending on product type. Replacing older equipment can reduce utility costs while upgrading features, quality, and style of the equipment. TABLE 1 EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT OF ENERGY STAR EQUIPMENT COMPARED WITH STANDARD EQUIPMENT Deep Fryers Griddles Steam Cookers Convection Ovens IMPROVEMENT PERCENT 30 Percent 10 Percent 38 Percent 20 Percent Source: Energy Star Guide for Cafés, Restaurants, and Institutional Kitchens. PERFORMANCE High-performance propane ranges, cooktops, and ovens are preferred by a majority of professional chefs and designers, for their own use as well as for their clients. It s an effective option for newly constructed kitchens, replacing aging and inefficient equipment in existing facilities, and kitchen space fit-outs for new owners/tenants. When compared with its electric counterparts, propane offers significant benefits. Greater control of heating levels Instant-on burners allow cooking to start right away Greater capacity levels Even heat distribution Design flexibility Propane cooking equipment typically lasts eight years or more in most commercial kitchens, which generally outpaces electric counterparts. The larger size of commercial cooking equipment also puts propane ahead of electric units. For example large capacity fryers, with 40 gallons of oil or more, are almost exclusively gas-heated units. These high capacity units offer significant benefits for efficiency levels, heat recovery time, and production rates. APPLICATIONS FOR USE Restaurants Hotels Schools Hospitals Public Assembly AT A GLANCE Perfect for new construction, replacements, and fit-outs. Greater temperature control and even heat distribution. Equipment life-cycles of eight years or more. Cut CO ² emissions nearly 50 percent compared with electric.

10 COMMERCIAL FACT SHEET COOKING EQUIPMENT ENERGY EFFICIENCY Cooking appliances are used in many commercial buildings. To manage these costs, owners and designers can utilize several cooking appliance categories labeled by the Energy Star program for both propane or electric cooking equipment. Energy Star criteria establishes minimum levels for how much energy is delivered to the cooking process, as well as the energy consumption rate during idle mode. ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND COSTS Propane ranges, ovens, and other cooking appliances will have wide variations in energy use and costs depending primarily on frequency of use. But regardless of the specific operational profile, any commercial cooking facility can save money by replacing older cooking appliances with Energy Star certified equipment (TABLE 2). ENVIRONMENTAL Propane cooking results in lower CO 2 emissions when compared with electric cooking. This is because a large portion of electricity production comes from coal or oil-fired generation plants that release CO 2 emissions as part of the generation process. Based on typical cooking usage levels and the emissions which electricity generation creates, CO 2 emissions due to propane cooking are cut nearly 50 percent when compared with electrical alternatives. Further, high-efficiency equipment also reduces energy consumption and thus the carbon footprint of a facility. According to Energy Star, a fully outfitted commercial food service kitchen can prevent roughly 34,000 pounds of greenhouse gas emissions annually. TABLE 2 APPLIANCE SAVINGS ANTICIPATED ANNUAL SAVINGS OVER STANDARD EQUIPMENT Commercial Appliances Propane Electric Standard Fryers $440 $100 Large Vat Fryers $500 $150 Steam Cookers $1,100 $1,100 Combination Ovens $250 $700 Convection Ovens $150 $100 Griddles $100 $120 FOR MORE INFORMATION To learn more about commercial cooking equipment and the Propane Education & Research Council, visit buildwithpropane.com. Propane Education & Research Council / 1140 Connecticut Ave. NW, Suite 1075 / Washington, DC P / F / propanecouncil.org The Propane Education & Research Council was authorized by the U.S. Congress with the passage of Public Law , the Propane Education and Research Act (PERA), signed into law on October 11, The mission of the Propane Education & Research Council is to promote the safe, efficient use of odorized propane gas as a preferred energy source by the Propane Education & Research Council 5108-FS-14

11 COMMERCIAL PROPANE APPLICATIONS: CLOTHES DRYERS FACT SHEET Commercial applications for propane clothes dryers provide laundry functions for numerous building types, with a range of capacities and performance options to meet specific needs. PERFORMANCE Propane commercial dryers are available in a wide range of burner capacities, generally ranging from 18,000 Btu/h to well over 550,000 Btu/h for inputs. For comparison, TABLE 1 depicts three different dryer models available as propane or electric, and illustrates how propane models outpace electric units for higher volume models. This translates to faster drying times and greater throughput for commercial operations. Many dryers come equipped with perforated drums that allow for more balanced airflow, and recirculating air design helps reduce gas usage while promoting faster drying times. Pilotless ignition also helps save energy. Other features available on propane clothes dryers include: Moisture sensors to optimize dry cycle time and reduce energy use. Air temperature monitors along with multiple heating settings to provide the proper drying temperatures for clothes, bedding, towels, table clothes, or other fabrics. LED control displays with one-touch preprogrammed features. Steam cycles to help de-wrinkle fabrics. TABLE 1 COMPARISON OF PROPANE AND ELECTRIC DRYER HEATING RATES DRYER CAPACITY (LBS.) PROPANE (INPUT) 26,000 Btu/h 204,000 Btu/h 550,000 Btu/h ELECTRIC (INPUT) 5,400 Watts (18,430 Btu/h) 36,000 Watts (122,800 Btu/h) 126,000 Watts (429,900 Btu/h) APPLICATIONS FOR USE Multifamily Buildings Hotels Laundromats Schools Restaurants Hospitals Health Clubs AT A GLANCE Capacity from 18,000 Btu/h to more than 550,000 Btu/h. Faster drying times compared with electric units. Features such as moisture sensors, air temperature monitors, and steam cycles.

12 COMMERCIAL FACT SHEET CLOTHES DRYERS ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND COSTS Operators of commercial laundry equipment are highly exposed to energy costs given the capacity and frequency of equipment use. With increasing use, the cost savings of propane clothes dryers compared with electric units becomes considerable. TABLE 2 illustrates that small differences in the cost per load can translate into larger annual differences due to the frequency of use in commercial settings. The 2.2 loads/day example is a modest estimate that would be much higher in most commercial settings. ENVIRONMENTAL Annual CO ² output emission rates vary depending on fuel sources. Propane has the clear advantage to lower emission rates when compared with electricity. This is driven in large part by a large portion of the nation s electricity being generated in coal-fired power plants that have a heavy carbon footprint. Continuing with the multifamily laundry facility example, TABLE 3 illustrates that an electric dryer configuration would result in over 1,000 pounds of additional CO ² emissions annually compared with propane units. And again, greater usage of laundry equipment will amplify these emissions differences. This type of performance benefit can factor significantly into a company s sustainability goals. TABLE 2 CLOTHES DRYER OPERATING COST ESTIMATES IN MULTIFAMILY BUILDINGS WITH CENTRAL LAUNDRY FACILITIES a COST FACTORS PROPANE ELECTRIC Dryer Capacity (lbs.) Cycle Duration Dryers for this application will often be in the pound range 45 minutes Loads Per Day 2.2 Energy Rate b $2.00/gallon $0.15/kWh Average BTUs/Cycle 17,000 N/A Average kwh/cycle Cost per Cycle $0.45 $0.50 Cost Per Year $359 $397 Notes: a. Source for data averages for cycle duration, loads per day, and energy use per cycle: the Multi-Housing Laundry Association b. Energy rates vary. Please check for the most up to date national energy cost. Commercial property owners should also consider the electric Demand Charge ($/kw) in estimating their unit costs. Heavy electric demand at any given time, as would be the case with multiple electric dryers operating, will increase Demand Charges. TABLE 3 CLOTHES DRYER CO ² EMISSIONS ESTIMATES IN MULTIFAMILY BUILDINGS WITH CENTRAL LAUNDRY FACITILIES EMISSIONS COMPONENTS PROPANE ELECTRIC Annual Gallons of Propane 149 N/A Annual kwh 402 2,650 Estimated Annual CO ² Emissions (lbs) a 2,423 3,511 Note: a. Energy usage converted to CO 2 emissions through the use of emissions factors sourced from U.S. EPA s E-Grid database 2010 (for electricity) and the U.S. Energy Information Administration s Carbon Dioxide Emission Factors for Stationary Combustion (for propane). FOR MORE INFORMATION To learn more about commercial clothes dryers and the Propane Education & Research Council, visit buildwithpropane.com. Propane Education & Research Council / 1140 Connecticut Ave. NW, Suite 1075 / Washington, DC P / F / propanecouncil.org The Propane Education & Research Council was authorized by the U.S. Congress with the passage of Public Law , the Propane Education and Research Act (PERA), signed into law on October 11, The mission of the Propane Education & Research Council is to promote the safe, efficient use of odorized propane gas as a preferred energy source by the Propane Education & Research Council 5109-FS-14

13 COMMERCIAL PROPANE APPLICATIONS: GENERATORS FACT SHEET Commercial propane generators provide supplemental power for a building s electrical loads when power from the electric grid is interrupted. Loss of grid power can occur at any time, whether planned or unplanned. This loss of power to commercial buildings can impact vital systems like smoke, fire, elevators, refrigeration units, heating and cooling equipment, health and safety equipment, communications, and many other applications. With roughly 700 large-scale power outages caused by severe weather events between 2003 and plus many non-weather-related outages there is a critical need for propane generators to ensure uninterrupted operations for a large number of commercial properties. Generators are commonly located outside the building and in proximity to the main electric service panel. Propane suppliers can work with specifying engineers to provide siting guidance based on relevant standards. PERFORMANCE Commercial generators are typically installed as fully automated systems that ramp up quickly to provide power after an electric grid disruption. Their autonomous design requires little to no involvement for the building occupants to activate, maintain, or shut off power from the generators. Propane-powered generators offer clear advantages when considering fuel storage, fuel maintenance, and reliability. Compared with diesel, propane has many significant advantages. First, the indefinite shelf life of propane makes it an ideal fuel for generators, whereas diesel degrades over time. Propane also burns cleaner than diesel and can be stored onsite, either above or below ground, without risk of ground or ground water contamination. Diesel, on the other hand, has the potential for contamination from spills and leaks that are retained in the soil. Propane generators can be configured to service only the most critical building loads or to maintain full operation in the event of power failure. They can also be configured to help with peak-shaving and demandresponse programs that provide additional revenue for building owners. Once the targeted loads are identified, the size of the generator is determined. Commercial units can range from 5 kw-400 kw capacities, and are available in single and three phase configurations and voltages of 120, 240, and 480 V. TABLE 1 shows a propane generator s typical fuel consumption per hour when in full operation. APPLICATIONS FOR USE Hospitals Offices Data Centers/Communications Public Buildings/Shelters Fire Departments/Police Departments Restaurants Retail/Big Box Stores Education Hospitality Correctional Facilities Multifamily Buildings AT A GLANCE Ramp up quickly to provide power after an electrical grid interruption. Clear advantages over other fuels when considering storage, maintenance, and reliability. 5 kw-400 kw capacities. 1. Economic Benefits of Increasing Electric Grid Resilience to Weather Outages. Executive Office of the President. (August, 2013.) Significantly fewer emissions than diesel generators.

14 COMMERCIAL FACT SHEET GENERATORS TABLE 1 PROPANE GENERATOR FUEL CONSUMPTION GENERATOR RATING (KW) FUEL CONSUMPTION AT 100 PERCENT (BTU/HOUR) 8 129, , , , , , , ,163, ,268, ,075,000 ENVIRONMENTAL When considering emissions such as nitrous oxides, sulfur oxides, particulate matter, and carbon dioxide, propane generators burn much cleaner than their diesel counterparts. For example, U.S. Department of Energy data shows 16 percent greater CO ² emissions per unit of energy for diesel compared with propane.² Perhaps even more concerning from a health perspective, PM2.5 emissions associated with diesel generators far outweigh those associated with propane generators. Recent adoption of more stringent air quality regulations is expected to increase first costs for diesel generators and to increasingly shift demand to propane generators. 2. Voluntary Reporting of Greenhouse Gases Program Fuel Emission Coefficients. U.S. DOE Energy Information Administration. (accessed May, 2014). FOR MORE INFORMATION To learn more about commercial generators and the Propane Education & Research Council, visit buildwithpropane.com. Propane Education & Research Council / 1140 Connecticut Ave. NW, Suite 1075 / Washington, DC P / F / propanecouncil.org The Propane Education & Research Council was authorized by the U.S. Congress with the passage of Public Law , the Propane Education and Research Act (PERA), signed into law on October 11, The mission of the Propane Education & Research Council is to promote the safe, efficient use of odorized propane gas as a preferred energy source by the Propane Education & Research Council 5110-FS-14

15 COMMERCIAL PROPANE APPLICATIONS: OUTDOOR AMENITIES FACT SHEET With an array of options, propane outdoor amenities can distinguish a business and space by creating inviting environments for entertaining, dining, and relaxing. Whether it s a fire pit, decorative flame lighting, outdoor kitchen, or any other application, propane amenities help to extend the daily and seasonal use, enjoyment, and ambiance of outdoor spaces all while being powered by clean, American-made propane. PERFORMANCE Unlike other fuel types such as natural gas or electricity, propane offers unrivaled portability and flexibility to allow businesses to quickly adapt their outdoor spaces to changing needs. Small, five to 20 pound propane tanks can be placed discretely inside a fire pit housing or within lighting or heating equipment and easily moved by staff to where people gather. And compared with high-polluting and labor-intensive wood-burning alternatives, propane outdoor amenities are clean-burning, on-demand, and can be controlled with switches, remote controls, thermostats, timers, or photosensors as needed. Many systems also include controls to ensure safe and reliable operation. Whether looking to increase the usable footprint of a restaurant, maximize the curb appeal of a building entrance, or turn a patio into a paradise, propane outdoor amenities have a solution. OUTDOOR APPLICATIONS Cooking Cooking outdoors in the summer helps to reduce indoor heat gain and associated energy use for ventilation and cooling. Propane facilitates flexible outdoor kitchen design due to its portability, allowing for equipment reconfiguration and additions with changes in menu and capacity. Propane gas grills can offer more precise temperature control over wood and charcoal two alternative fuel choices that restaurants may employ for outdoor cooking. Addition of an outdoor kitchen can expand a restaurant s appeal and seating capacity. Fireplaces/Fire Pits Propane fireplaces and fire pits add warmth and decorative ambiance to an outdoor seating area, and can provide cozy, efficient, localized heating to any space. A two-sided or see-through propane fireplace provides a unique viewing experience from inside or outside a building. Realistic logs and flame patterns provide the feel and comfort of a traditional fire without the smoke, ashes, and maintenance. Sleek and modern designs are also available that feature flames in glass crystals. Propane fireplaces offer five to six times the heating capacity of electric fireplaces¹ and efficiency levels well beyond traditional wood-burning fireplaces. Propane heating is responsive and steady with instant-on and off capability. APPLICATIONS FOR USE Restaurants Retail Education Hospitality Multifamily Buildings Hotels AT A GLANCE Extend the daily and seasonal use, enjoyment, and ambiance of outdoor spaces. Unrivaled portability and flexibility compared with other energy sources. Both functional and decorative applications.

16 COMMERCIAL FACT SHEET OUTDOOR AMENITIES Patio Heaters Propane patio heaters extend the outdoor living season by allowing diners and guests to enjoy outdoor areas even when the temperature drops. Typically mushroom or umbrella-shaped, propane patio heaters radiate heat downward to warm a 12- to 20-foot area. They are most effective when the outdoor temperatures are degrees Fahrenheit. With portable propane tanks of 20 pounds or less capacity, patio heaters can be located almost anywhere. Lighting Propane-fueled lighting can give an outdoor entertainment area or entryway a classic or even contemporary look. Controls can be configured to vary light intensity to suit the mood as well as a designer s objectives for a space. Mounting options include posts, walls, and suspension from ceilings. Photo-sensors or timers can be used to automatically turn on lights when the sun goes down or at a preset time. Pool and Spa Heaters Propane pool heaters can be used to extend the swimming season well after other locations have closed their pools. Water temperature can be maintained at the optimum set-point regardless of outdoor conditions. Heaters are easily integrated with the pool s pump and filtration system and can be sized to fit any pool or spa. Propane models are up to 95 percent energy efficient and can provide over twice the heating rate as electric heat pump water heaters at a lower first cost. ENVIRONMENTAL As a clean-burning, low-emission fuel, propane is a superior choice for fueling outdoor amenities. It is a low-carbon alternative fuel that emits roughly 70 percent less CO 2 than typical grid-supplied electricity per unit of energy consumed.² Propane is even listed as a low-polluting fuel in the Clean Air Act of 2008.³ Wood burning outdoor fireplaces create hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), particle pollution, and volatile organic compounds (VOC). 4 Using propane instead of wood will reduce smoke exposure to clientele and staff and will produce heat more efficiently. Propane amenities carry a much lighter environmental footprint than traditional wood burning units, which have been associated with asthma attacks, elevated cancer risks, heart attacks, and premature death. In fact, jurisdictions in some parts of the country restrict the use of traditional wood-burning during certain times of the year due to its detrimental impact on air quality Propane Energy Pod. PERC. (accessed May, 2014). 2. Based on U.S. EPA egrid 9th edition U.S. average electricity CO 2 output emission rate of 1745 lb/mwh and U.S. DOE EIA s Voluntary Reporting of Greenhouse Gases Program propane emission factor of 63 kg/mmbtu. 3. Clean Air Act of 2008, 42 U.S.C Outdoor Air Industry, Business, and Home: Residential Wood Burning. U.S. EPA. (accessed May, 2014). 5. Strategies for Reducing Residential Wood Smoke. U.S. EPA. (March 2013) FOR MORE INFORMATION To learn more about commercial outdoor amenities and the Propane Education & Research Council, visit buildwithpropane.com. Propane Education & Research Council / 1140 Connecticut Ave. NW, Suite 1075 / Washington, DC P / F / propanecouncil.org The Propane Education & Research Council was authorized by the U.S. Congress with the passage of Public Law , the Propane Education and Research Act (PERA), signed into law on October 11, The mission of the Propane Education & Research Council is to promote the safe, efficient use of odorized propane gas as a preferred energy source by the Propane Education & Research Council 5111-FS-14