DOE and EPA Impacts to Commercial Refrigeration

Transcription

1 DOE and EPA Impacts to Commercial Refrigeration E360 Forum Chicago, IL October 5, 2017 Ani Jayanth Director, Product Marketing Emerson

2 Disclaimer This presentation is intended to highlight changing developments in the law and industry topics. The law is frequently evolving and information and publications in this presentation may not reflect the latest changes in the law or legal interpretations. The statements and information provided in this presentation should not be construed as legal advice or legal opinion regarding any specific facts or circumstances, but is intended for general informational purposes only. The views and statements expressed during this presentation are the personal opinions of the presenter and do not represent those of Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. or its affiliated companies. You should consult an attorney about your situation and specific facts and you should not act on any of the information in this presentation as the information may not be applicable to your situation. Although all statements and information contained herein are believed to be accurate and reliable, they are presented without warranty of any kind. Information provided herein does not relieve the user from the responsibility of carrying out its own tests and experiments. Statements or suggestions concerning the use of materials and processes are made without representation or warranty that any such use is free of patent infringement and are not recommendations to infringe on any patents. This presentation may not be copied or redistributed without the express written consent of Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. 2

3 DOE and EPA Survey 1. Refrigerant Landscape 2. EPA Refrigerant Regulations 3. DOE Equipment Regulations 4. DOE and EPA Timing 3

4 The Refrigerant Landscape Pressure or Capacity CO 2 A1 Non-Flammable A2L Mildly Flammable A3 Flammable B2L Toxic, Mildly Flam. Qualitative Not to Scale R-410A Like R-446A, R-447A, ARM-71a R-32/HFO Blends R-32 R-410A R404A & R407/22 Like NH 3 R-290 <150 ~300 HDR110 DR3 ARM-20a R-444B = L20 L40, DR7 ARM-20b R-32/HFO Blends R-448A R-449A < 1,500 R-32/HFC/HFO Blends R-22 R-407A R-407C R-407F, R-452A R-404A R-507A (3,922) R-134a Like R-123 Like (V. Low Pr.) HFO 1234yf HFO 1234ze ARM-42 DR2, N12, ARC 1 ~600 HFC/HFO Blends R-450A R-513A R-134a ,000 1,500 2,000 GWP Level Refrigerant Selection for Applications Need to Be Carefully Evaluated Based on Delistings, Performance Changes and Glide Characteristics. 4

5 EPA Refrigerant Regulation Phase-out Refrigerant Supermarket New Supermarket Retrofit Remote Cond. Unit New Remote Cond. Unit Retrofit MT <2,200 BTU/hr. and not contain flooded evap. New Stand-alone MT 2,200 BTU/hr. with or without flooded evap. New LT New LT and MT Retrofit R-404A/507A Jan. 1, 2017 July 20, 2016 Jan. 1, 2018 July 20, 2016 Jan. 1, 2019 Jan. 1, 2020 Jan. 1, 2020 July 20, 2016 R-410A OK - OK - Jan. 1, 2019 Jan. 1, 2020 Jan. 1, R-407A/C/F OK OK OK OK Jan. 1, 2019 Jan. 1, 2020 Jan. 1, 2020 OK HFC-134a OK OK OK OK Jan. 1, 2019 Jan. 1, 2020 OK OK Likely Alternatives (Emerson Perspective) R-448A/449A OK OK OK OK - - OK OK for LT only R-450A/513A OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK R OK OK OK - R-744 OK - OK - OK OK OK - R-717 OK (in primary loop of secondary CO 2 sys.) - OK (in primary loop of secondary CO 2 sys.) EPA s Final Rules: July 20, 2015, and September 26,

6 Other Refrigerant Regulation Activity F-Gas (EU): effective May 20, 2014 Commercial application GWP limit Date Self-contained refrigeration 2, Stationary refrigeration 2, Self-contained refrigeration Centralized refrigeration Except top side of cascade 1, CARB: Short-lived climate pollutant reduction strategy proposal Nov. 28, 2016 Commercial application GWP limit Date All refrigerant sales 2,500? Non-residential refrigeration 150? Environmental Canada (EC)**: proposal November 26, 2016 Commercial application GWP limit Date Refrigeration centralized systems (MT/LT racks) 1, Refrigeration condensing units Refrigeration LT stand-alone 1, Refrigeration MT stand-alone Foams Mobile refrigeration 2, AC chillers Domestic refrigeration Phase-down (NAP) option also proposed ( %; %; %; %; baseline ) ** AC (non-residential and residential) 750? Current Regulatory Proposals Target 150 GWP for Multiple Applications, Creating Demand for Refrigerants With GWPs of Less Than

7 DOE Equipment Regulations Overview Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Effective March 2017 on New Equipment CRE Measured in kwh/24-hour Day Each Equipment Class Assigned Equation Variable: Total Display Area (TDA) or Volume Industry Reach-In Solid Door Refrigerator Energy Draw Walk-In Coolers and Freezers (WICF) Effective January 2020 on New Equipment MT June 2017: Report AWEF/Label MT Jan. 2020: AWEF Enforcement LT June 2020: Report/Label/Enforcement WICF Measured in Three Major Components AWEF Measured Using AHRI-1250 Testing Standard Each Equipment Class Assigned Equation Variable: Q = System Capacity Automatic Commercial Ice Makers Effective January 2018 on New Equipment ACIM Measured in kwh/100 lbs Ice Each Equipment Class Assigned Equation Variable: H = Harvest Rate in lbs per 24 Hours From 20% to 50% Energy Reduction Required for Systems, Depending on Class 5% to 25% Energy Reduction Required Regulation Energy Mandates Are Not New But Have Evolved to Become Extremely Significant. 7

8 DOE and EPA Regulations Together Supermarket (Rack) 1/1/17 <2,500 GWP Walk-in (Remote CDU) <2,500 GWP Cooler Freezer 1/1/ % 20 30% Reach-in (Stand-alone) Cooler <2,200 BTU >2,200 BTU Freezer 3/27/ % 1/1/19 1/1/20 <600 GWP <600 GWP <1,500 GWP Ice Machine 1/1/ % 1/1/20 Soft Serve/Frozen Bev. 1/1/21 In Proposal: 1. CARB: All Commercial Refrigeration <150 GWP approved, but effective date TBD. 2. Propane chart limit increase likely in Could be implemented by OEMs immediately. 8

9 Some Notes on DOE Regulations 1. CRE 2. WICF 3. CCMS 9

10 2017 vs Energy Reduction Difference % CRE Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Vertical Self-contained Reach-ins Impacted the Most 70% Installed Base Volume VCT.SC.M VCT.SC.L VCS.SC.M VCS.SC.L 67% 64% VCT.SC.M 2010 kwh = 0.12(V) (V) (V) (V) % 58% 55% 52% 49% 46% 43% 40% 37% 34% 31% 28% 25% VCT.SC.L VCS.SC.M VCS.SC.L Size ft kwh = 0.10(V) (V) (V) (V)+1.38 Y-intercept % Change Slope % Change -74% -28% -33% 0% -17% -61% -50% -45% Comparing 2017 vs Improvement Reduces Relatively for Larger-size Machines VCT.SC.M 2. Improvement Increases Substantially for Larger-size Machines VCT.SC.L VCS.SC.L 3. Improvement Levels out for Larger Machines VCT.SC.L VCS.SC.L VCS.SC.M Total of 33 Classes of Equipment Impacted for Commercial Refrigeration Equipment 10

11 CRE Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Buffet Tables, Salad Bars, Prep Tables Beyond Scope of Energy Mandates Not Regulated Not Regulated Not Regulated No Test Procedure Established Airflow Airflow Regulated Regulated Waivers Can Be Obtained But Are Complicated and Lengthy in Time. 11

12 WICF Walk-in Cooler and Freezer Design Options DOE Recommended Design Options Emerson and Market Recommended Cost-Effective Design Options 1. MT Condensing Units Floating Head Pressure Temperature-initiated, Temperature-terminated Defrost Variable Speed Compressor Modulating Evaporator Fans Hot Gas Defrost Variable Speed Condenser Fans Float Head Pressure 2. LT Condensing Units Electronically Commutated Motors Improved Coil Variable Speed Evaporator Fans Improved Evaporator Fan Blades Improved Condenser Fan Blades Ambient Sub-cooling Liquid Injection for 448A and 407A 12

13 CCMS: Compliance Certification Management System CRE 37,616 ACIM 797 WICF 1,673 Google DOE CCMS or DOE enforcement mechanism Fines have been imposed Annual certification required by submitting new CCMS and supplemental testing forms each year DOE Enforcement Mechanism Has Been Used and Will Continue to Strengthen Over Time Differentiation Tool for Market! 13

14 Emerson Compression Product Refrigerant Qualifications 1. Glide Considerations 2. Product Performance 3. Emerson Qualification Summary 4. Product Refrigerant Summary 14

15 Heat Exchangers Operate at Bubble/Dew Points and Compressor Sees Dew Point Conditions Dew Point Mid-Point Assume negligible pressure drop effects. When there is no glide and assuming little/no pressure drop, the temperature at mid-point = temperature at dew point When there is glide and assuming little/no pressure drop, the temperature at midpoint temperature at dew point 15

16 Key Product Changes to Performance With Alternative Refrigerants Glide Consideration Refrigerant Temperature Glide F R-404A ~1 F R-407A ~8 F R-448A ~7 F R-449A ~7 F R-134a R-450A R-513A 0 F (single component) ~1 F (near azeotrope) 0 F (azeotrope) Scroll MT Scroll LT Recip LT Changes to Capacity and Efficiency Against Incumbent 404A and 134a Dew Point Mid-Point Cap. EER Cap. EER 407A -3.9% -2.1% +0.2% -2.2% 448A -1.1% -0.3% +3.0% -0.1% 407A -23.7% -0.9% -18.7% +0.7% 448A -19.4% -6.1% -13.9% -4.8% 450A -14.1% -0.5% 513A +4.0% -1.2% Glide Creates System Component Sizing Implications. 16

17 No Plan Emerson Product Alternative Refrigerant Qualification 448A 449A LT Requires Liquid Injection 407A 450A 513A LT Requires Liquid Injection Progress Please Visit Emerson Online Portal for Specific Ratings by Product. 17

18 Alternative Refrigerant Product Performance Summary R-448A/449A Approval for Stand-Alone MT Required R-448A/449A for Reciprocating Hermetic LT Envelope Challenges Due to High Heat of Compression Glide Considerations Capacity Increases From R-404A R-450A/513A for Reciprocating Hermetics R-450A Capacity Drops From 134a R-513A Near Drop in Replacement With No Theoretical Capacity Changes Glide Considerations MBP to LBP Performance Drops and Capacity Changes, Requiring Complete System Redesign There Is No Such Thing as a Drop-in Refrigerant Replacement. 18

19 Thank You! Questions? Ani Jayanth Director, Product Marketing DISCLAIMER Although all statements and information contained herein are believed to be accurate and reliable, they are presented without guarantee or warranty of any kind, expressed or implied. Information provided herein does not relieve the user from the responsibility of carrying out its own tests and experiments, and the user assumes all risks and liability for use of the information and results obtained. Statements or suggestions concerning the use of materials and processes are made without representation or warranty that any such use is free of patent infringement and are not recommendations to infringe on any patents. The user should not assume that all toxicity data and safety measures are indicated herein or that other measures may not be required. 19