Data driven insights from the nation s deepest ever customer energy research

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1 Pecan Street Research Institute Pike Powers Lab and Center for Commercialization Data driven insights from the nation s deepest ever customer energy research

2 Change in peak load 70,000 by customer class Residential 51.2 % 5:15 pm!! March 9, ,262 MW August 3, ,416 MW!! 35,000 Residential 27.4 % Small commercial 28.9 % Large C&I 43.7 % Small commercial 25.2 % Large C&I 23.7 % Mar 9, 2011 Aug 3, 2011 Source: ERCOT

3 Afternoon peak (Texas Interconnect) Spring 31,262 MW Summer 68,416 MW Increase 37,154 MW percent increase 119 %

4 Percentage of total increase in peak demand Large commercial & industrial 7 % Small commercial 22 % Residential 71 %

5 Procure more generation Options for meeting increase in demand

6 Average marginal price of wholesale energy - Aug. 2011! 4PM! $/megawatt hour!

7 Procure more generation Options for meeting increase Ration in demand Change consumption behavior

8 Green building Influence behaviors Demand management tools Appliance efficiency Feedback systems

9 Residential consumption

10 July 31, 2012 Daily electric use: smart meter 1 hour 7,000 3,500 watts 0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 24:00 Source: Pecan Street Research Institute

11 Summer day Single home 1 minute interval * 7,000 5,250 3,500 1,750 watts 0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 Source: Pecan Street Research Institute Other Living Room Always On Refrigerator (KSAC 1) Dryer Master bedroom Bathroom 1 Bedroom 2 Bathroom 2 General Lights 1 Microwave, toaster oven, coffee machine (KSAC 2) Kitchen lights (Kitchen1) Washer Dishwasher Living Room Garage HVAC compressor HVAC air handler * All individual circuits measured using customer HAN device

12 One year Single home daily electricity use non-seasonal Sep 22, 2012 Fri, Dec 21, 2012 Mar 21, 2013 Jun 19, 2013 Sep 17, 2 Source: Pecan Street Research Institute Refrigerator [KSAC 1] Microwave and toaster oven [KSAC2] Dishwasher Kitchen Lights [Kitchen 1] Living Room- TV [kw] Washer/Dryer Dining Room Garage Plugs 1 Plugs 2 [kw] General Lights 1 [kw] Bedroom- Master [kw] Bedroom 1 [kw] Bedroom 2 [kw] Bathroom 1 [kw] Bathroom 2 [kw]

13 One year Single home daily electricity use + HVAC Sep 22, 2012 Fri, Dec 21, 2012 Mar 21, 2013 Jun 19, 2013 Sep 17, 2 Source: Pecan Street Research Institute Refrigerator [KSAC 1] Microwave and toaster oven [KSAC2] Dishwasher Kitchen Lights [Kitchen 1] Living Room- TV [kw] Washer/Dryer Dining Room Garage Plugs 1 Plugs 2 [kw] General Lights 1 [kw] Bedroom- Master [kw] Bedroom 1 [kw] Bedroom 2 [kw] Bathroom 1 [kw] Bathroom 2 [kw] AC compressor 1 [kw] Furnace- Air Handler 1 [kw]

14 kw Four Categories of Electricity Use * Always On Thermal Electric-gas substitute Intentional :00 6:00 12:00 18:00 0:00 Source: Pecan Street Research Institute * All individual circuits measured using customer HAN device

15 Four Categories of Electricity Use Always On 7,000 watts 3,500 0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20: :00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 Source: Pecan Street Research Institute

16 kw Four Categories of Electricity Use Always On Thermal Electric-gas substitute Intentional :00 6:00 12:00 18:00 0:00 Source: Pecan Street Research Institute

17 Four Categories of Electricity Use Thermal 7,000 watts 3,500 0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 4,700 2,350 0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 Source: Pecan Street Research Institute

18 kw Four Categories of Electricity Use Always On Thermal Electric-gas substitute Intentional 7.0 Electricity use by gas appliances 3.5 0:00 6:00 12:00 18:00 0:00 Source: Pecan Street Research Institute

19 kw Four Categories of Electricity Use Electric - gas substitutes Electricity use by electric appliances 0:00 6:00 12:00 18:00 0:00 Source: Pecan Street Research Institute

20 kw Electricity used for a load of laundry gas and electric dryers Electric dryer 38 Gas dryer minutes Source: Pecan Street Research Institute

21 kw Four Categories of Electricity Use Always On Thermal Electric-gas substitute Intentional :00 6:00 12:00 18:00 0:00 Source: Pecan Street Research Institute

22 watts Four Categories of Electricity Use Always On Thermal Electric-gas substitute Intentional 7,000 3, :00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 Source: Pecan Street Research Institute

23 Four Categories of Electricity Use Intentional 1, watts 0:00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 Source: Pecan Street Research Institute Master bedroom Bathroom 1 Bedroom 2 Bathroom 2 General Lights 1 Microwave, toaster oven, coffee maker (KSAC 2) Kitchen lights (Kitchen1) Washer Dishwasher Living Room Garage

24 Seasonal variation by individual load watts per square foot Air conditioner compressor Clothes Dryer Dishwasher Microwave Refrigerator Washing Machine Summer Fall/Winter Spring Source: Pecan Street Research Institute

25 July 31, 2012 HVAC compressor 8 homes 1-minute interval :00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 Draw 3.91 kw :00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 Draw 2.83 kw :00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 Draw 3.84 kw :00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 Draw 2.72 kw :00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20: :00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 Draw 3.47 kw Draw 2.61 kw :00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 Draw 3.18 kw :00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 Draw 1.75 kw Source: Pecan Street Research Institute

26 July 31, 2012 HVAC compressor 8 homes peak hours only Draw 3.84 kw Total Consumption 6.62 kwh Draw 1.75 kw Total Consumption 6.28 kwh Draw 3.91 kw Total Consumption kwh Draw 3.47 kw Total Consumption 9.13 kwh Draw 2.61 kw Total Consumption 8.51 kwh Draw 2.83 kw Total Consumption kwh Draw 3.18 kw Total Consumption 9.50 kwh Draw 2.72 kw Total Consumption 6.68 kwh Source: Pecan Street Research Institute

27 Device Top range instantaneous loads Electric dryer ~ 6 kw

28 Device Top range instantaneous loads Electric dryer Pool pump > 6 kw > 4 kw

29 Device Top range instantaneous loads Electric dryer Pool pump Electric oven > 6 kw > 4 kw +/- 3.5 kw

30 Device Top range instantaneous loads Electric dryer Pool pump Electric oven Air conditioner compressor > 6 kw > 4 kw +/- 3.5 kw kw

31 Device Top range instantaneous loads Electric dryer Pool pump Electric oven Air conditioner compressor EV charger (240 v) EV charger (120 v) > 6 kw > 4 kw +/- 3.5 kw kw 3.3 kw 1.45 kw

32 Device Top range instantaneous loads Electric dryer Pool pump Electric oven Air conditioner compressor Electric vehicle charger (240 v) Electric vehicle charger (120 v) > 6 kw > 4 kw +/- 3.5 kw kw 3.3 kw 1.45 kw Air handler (HVAC) +/- 0.8 kw

33 Tools to impact behavior

34 Adopt Types of behaviors to impact Use Report experiences to others

35 Variables that impact effectiveness of tools Magnitude and timing

36 Home 1 minute interval 7,000 5,250 3,500 1,750 watts 0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 7,000 5,250 3,500 Dishwasher only 1,750 0:00 6:00 12:00 18:00 Source: Pecan Street Research Institute

37 Summer day Whole home + pool pump 9,000 6,750 4,500 2,250 0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 Source: Pecan Street Research Institute

38 Variables that impact effectiveness of tools Magnitude and timing Automated vs. manual Set and forget Default settings

39 Thermal Watts per square foot Non-green built Green built Aug Oct Dec Feb April 2012 June 2012 Source: Pecan Street Research Institute

40 Variables that impact effectiveness of tools Magnitude and timing Automated vs. manual Negative experiences by user

41 Variables that impact effectiveness of tools Magnitude and timing Automated vs. manual Negative experiences by user Feedback On benefits to end user Diagnostics

42 Variables that impact effectiveness of tools Magnitude and timing Automated vs. manual Negative experiences by user Feedback Customer ability to respond

43 Single home 1 minute interval 7,000 5,250 3,500 1,750 0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 7,000 5,250 3,500 1,750 Home with AC Home - no AC use HVAC air handler HVAC compressor Garage Living Room Dishwasher Washer Kitchen lights Microwave, toaster oven, coffee machine General Lights 1 Bathroom 2 Bedroom 2 Bathroom 1 Master bedroom Dryer Refrigerator Living Room Always On Other 0 0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 Source: Pecan Street Research Institute

44 Variables that impact effectiveness of tools Magnitude and timing Automated vs. manual Negative experiences by user Feedback Customer ability to respond Thermal efficiency of home

45 Correlations and findings Compared to green built homes Non-retrofitted homes used 38 percent more electricity for cooling (per square foot)

46 Correlations and findings Compared to retrofitted homes Non-retrofitted homes used 29 percent more electricity for cooling (per square foot)

47 Behavior tools Use Adoption / Purchase Time-of-use pricing Demand response AC cycling Thermostat with default setting Seal leaking ducts Buy gas clothes dryer Maintain AC compressor Appliance rebates Learning thermostat Solar panels

48 Summer day Home + EV Level 2 * 9,000 6,000 3,000 watts 0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 Source: Pecan Street Research Institute * All individual circuits measured using customer HAN device

49 When do people charge their cars? 0:00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 Model percent Source: Pecan Street Research Institute

50 When do people charge their cars? 0:00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 Pricing Trial percent Model percent Source: Pecan Street Research Institute

51 When do people charge their cars? 0:00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 Source: Pecan Street Research Institute Pricing Trial percent Not pricing trial percent Model percent

52 Average daily solar PV generation (normalized) South generation kwh West generation kwh West + South kwh

53 Peak daily solar PV generation (normalized) South generation 6.77 kwh West generation kwh West + South 7.96 kwh

54 Peak hours rooftop solar PV generation: west vs. south West generation 49 percent more West + South 18 percent more

55 August 7, 2013 Peak demand impact of west-facing rooftop solar PV :00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 Back to grid PV Gen consumed in home (kw) Grid supplied electricity Source: Pecan Street Research Institute

56 August 7, 2013 Peak demand impact of west-facing rooftop solar PV 9 Peak :00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23: Whole home electricity use Portion provided by electric grid Source: Pecan Street Research Institute

57 Peak demand reduction from rooftop solar PV West facing PV 65 percent West + South 57 percent South 54 percent

58 Peak hours: Use in home vs. sent back to grid In-home Back to grid West facing PV 84 percent 16 percent West + South 80 percent 20 percent South 78 percent 22 percent

You will investigate the electrical consumption in your home over the course of TWO days (48 hour period).

SNC1D You will investigate the electrical consumption in your home over the course of TWO days (48 hour period). The Data Sheet needs to be submitted along with the answers to the questions. Write all