2 Safety valve. 3 Pressure gauge. 4 Thermometer. 8 Ball valves

Transcription

1 Standard solar system for domestic hot water heating (please adapt chart according to standard systems in your country) Standard engineering in Germany for a household of 4 people: 4 6 m² of collector surface Temperature sensor Hot water Solar station Control unit Domestic hot water storage tank Heating boiler loop pump Cold water 1 Diagram of a solar station Diaphragm expansion tank 2 Safety valve 3 Pressure gauge 4 Thermometer Non-return valve 6 loop pump 7 Volumetric flow meter 8 Ball valves from storage tank to storage tank 2-1-

2 Solar system for domestic water heating and heating support (System: tank-in-tank storage) Hot water Mixer Heating feed flow Solar station Control unit Domestic hot water tank Boiler Return alerter Heating return flow Tank-in-tank storage S2 S1, S2: Temperature measuring points S1 loop pump Temperature sensor Cold water 3 Solar system for domestic water heating and heating support (System: flow heater) Admixture Solar station Hot water Buffer store Heating feed flow Control unit Temperature sensor S2 Heating boiler S1, S2: Temperature measuring points Return alerter Heating return flow S1 loop pump Cold water 4-2-

3 Configuration of a large-scale solar thermal system Temperature sensor Hot water Control unit Buffer storage tank Hot tap water storage tank Heating boiler Heat exchanger Solar transfer station Heat exchanger Exchange Station Cold water 5 Solar systems with different volume flow rates High flow Low flow T T Domestic hot water storage tank T T 80 C T = 10 K T = 25 C T = 30 K 40 C 30 C l/(m 2 h) 45 C 15 C 15 l/(m 2 h) 10 C Source: Ambiente Italia 6-3-

4 types Flat plate collector Vacuum tube collector CPC vacuum tube collector 7 Design of a flat plate collector thermal insulation absorber with selective coating supertransparent safety glass solderless cutting ring screw connection corrosion resistant anodized aluminium frame integrated mounting rail heat resistant ultrasonic welded joint Source: Wagner & Co (wagner-solar.com) 8-4-

5 Roof integration of flat plate collectors Upper cover plate Lead skirting Side plate Rubber profile Source: SOLVIS 9 Vacuum tube collectors direct flow through tubes With band absorber Tube Heat transfer Glass tube Vacuum Absorber With cylindrical absorber Outer glass tube Inner glass tube Heat transfer Vacuum Absorber (inner glass tube) 10-5-

6 Vacuum tube collectors heat pipe Condenser Glass tube Heat exchange pipe Absorber Dry connection: Condenser is inserted into the fitting of the heat exchange pipe Filling Wet connection: Condenser is surrounded by the heat transfer medium in the heat exchange pipe Heat pipe 11 Definition of the collector surface Gross surface Aperture surface Absorber surface Absorber Absorber tubes Transparent covering (glass) Frame with heat insulation Gross surface: Aperture surface: Absorber surface: complete collector surface (outer dimensions of frame) translucent surface (reference surface for efficiency) energy converting surface 12-6-

7 Efficiency curve of a flat plate collector (miscellaneous radiant flux densities) optical losses Efficiency [%] thermal losses ,000 W/m Temperature difference T absorber T ambient [K] Area of effective thermal energy Source: ISFH 13 Solar fraction and efficiency of the solar system (equitable heat demand) s 3 Coll. 4 Coll. solar fraction [%] efficiency of the solar system [%] surface [m²] 9 12 Source: ISFH 14-7-

8 Average daily solar radiation in Germany (please adapt chart according to solar radiation in your country) Solar radiation [kwh/(m² d)] Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Global radiation Share of direct radiation Share of diffuse radiation Source: e.u.z. 15 Irradiation intensity depending on the weather Share of direct radiation Share of diffused radiation Global radiation Source: according to Liu & Jordan 16-8-

9 Global radiation in the course of a day (at an inclination of 45 and an orientation to the South on clear days) (please adapt chart & explanatory notes according to the radiation in your country) irradiation intensity [W/(m²)] 1,200 1, time [MEZ] daily sum of irradiation [kwh/(m 2 d)] 7.6 summer spring/autumn winter Source: ISFH 17 Global radiation on the horizontal level in Germany (please adapt chart according to the situation in your country) Total annual average [kwh/(m² a)] >1,150 1,125 1,150 1,100 1,125 1,075 1,100 1,050 1,075 1,025 1,050 1,000 1, , < Source: DWD 18-9-

10 Annual solar radiation (according to inclination of the absorbing surface) Angle of inclination West East % % 90% 80% 70%60% South Azimuth angle 100 % = 1,100 kwh/(m² a) Source: ISFH