52:107 Sustainable Systems. Dan Weber Christina Devine Lindsay Diercks Alan Horst
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1 52:107 Sustainable Systems Dan Weber Christina Devine Lindsay Diercks Alan Horst
2 Objectives Design and implement a solar water heating system at the new University of Iowa Recreation and Wellness center to aid in heating the indoor pools Install pool covers to minimize water loss due to evaporation.
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5 Required Roof Angle and Available Sunlight Iowa City is ( ) = 31 to 26 roof angle
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15 Solar Heating Systems Two Types of Active Systems Direct Circulation System (Open Loop Systems) Water flows directly through the collectors Indirect Circulation System (Closed Loop System) Antifreeze Solution flows through collectors Heat transfer occurs between antifreeze solution and water in a heat exchanger near the normal water heater
16 Which System? Recommended System: Indirect Circulation System Benefits Appropriate for colder climates More efficient than direct systems Disadvantages: More expensive May not last as long as passive systems
17 Choices for Heat Exchangers Antifreeze Solution Ethylene Glycol Propylene Glycol Heat Exchanger Shell and Tube Tube in Tube Coil in Tank
18 Choices for Solar Collectors Types of Collectors Flat plate Collectors Evacuated tube collectors Integral collector storage systems Not applicable for freezing climates
19 Flat Plate Collectors Most common for water heating Contained in an insulated metal box May be glazed or unglazed Dark colored absorber plate Heat liquid to ~ 180⁰F
20 Evacuated tube Collectors Parallel rows of transparent glass tubes Metal fins covered with an absorbing coating that inhibits radiative heat loss Evacuated space prevents conductive and convective heat loss Heats to ⁰F More expensive than flatplate
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22 Reasons for Covering Evaporation is the largest source of energy loss for a pool It takes 1 BTU to raise 1 lb of water by 1 degree For every lb of water that is evaporated 1,048 BTUs are lost Also reduce make up water and reduce chemical consumption (both 30% minimum)
23 Pool Covers Bubble Cover One of the lowest cost covers Vinyl Heavier material Longer life expectancy Can get with a flexible layer of insulation inbetween 2 layers of vinyl.
24 Manual Semi automatic Pool Covers Built into pool deck or on reels on carts Motor driven reel system Usually require someone to pull on the cover when unrolling, or glide the cover onto the reel when rolling up the cover Automatic Permanently mounted reels Most expensive, most convenient Fit into tracks on sides of pools Prevents anything/anybody from getting into the pool Supports the weight of several people liability
25 Applying Plans To Wellness Center
26 Wellness Center Pools Three Pools 50 M Competition Pool 787,400 gallon capacity Dive Pool 534,400 gallon capacity Recreation Pool 106,050 gallon capacity Spas Dive Spa 1,650 gallon capacity Recreation Pool Spa 5,108 gallon capacity
27 Filling Calculations Heat needed for Recreation Pool = 440,000 BTU/hr Heat needed for Rec Spa = 290,000 BTU/hr Heat needed for Dive Spa = 190,000 BTU/hr Heat needed for Competition Pool = 2,920,000 BTU/hr Heat needed for Dive Pool = 2,290,000 BTU/hr Total Heat needed = 6,130,000 BTU/hr (approximately MW) Time to fill all pools is 228 hours At price of $ per million BTU s, cost of heating all pools is $78.76/hr Total Cost = $17,957 using steam
28 Heat Loss Calculations Loss for Recreation Pool = 471,039 BTU/hr Loss for Rec Spa = 132,922 BTU/hr Loss Dive Spa = 31,625 BTU/hr Loss for Competition Pool = 823,601 BTU/hr Loss for Dive Pool = 349,016 BTU/hr Total heat lost = 1,508,203 BTU/hr 24 hours of loss = 36,196,872 BTU At steam cost of $ per MMBTU Total Loss per day from Evaporation = $465.06
29 Daily Reheating Calculations Reheating for Recreation Pool = 3,184,896 BTU Reheating for Rec Spa = 230,112 BTU Reheating Dive Spa = 74,328 BTU Reheating for Competition Pool = 21,019,200 BTU Reheating for Dive Pool = 16,496,064 BTU Total BTU s needed = 41,004,600 BTU At steam cost of $ per MMBTU Total Cost of daily reheating = $526.84
30 Environmental Benefits Solar hot water systems currently in use produce ~ 1000 MW of energy/year about the equivalent of 2 medium sized coal plants Life cycle costs of solar water heating systems gas and much better than electric water heating systems Payback for pool heating can be as low as 2 years Can displace 10.5 tons of CO 2 compared to natural gas and 71.5 tons compared to electric over its lifetime
31 Determine available roof area Obtain facility blueprints to design piping system Economic analysis based on solar heating versus steam heating Economic analysis of pool coverings Environmental Savings Estimation for the facility Look into federal incentives Future Plans
32 References U.S. Department of Energy, 1. (7 00).Conserving Energy and Heating Your Swimming Pool with Solar Energy. DOE/GO FS104 U.S. Department of Energy, 2. ( ). Swimming Pool Covers. Retrieved from ?print U.S. Department of Energy. (9 2005). A Consumer s Guide to Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy: Solar Water Heaters. Retrieved from: Solar Energy Industries Association. (n.d.). Solar Energy Myths and Facts. Retrieved from: U.S. Department of Energy. (8 2006). Solar Energy Technologies Program. Retrieved from: University of Iowa Division of Recreational Services. (3 2008). Campus Recreation and Wellness Center. Retrieved from: Alternate Energy Technologies, LLC. (n.d.). Benefits of Going Solar. Retrieved from:
33 Questions
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