Draft Impervious Cover Reduction Action Plan for Newark, Essex County, New Jersey Volume 1

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1 Draft Impervious Cover Reduction Action Plan for Newark, Essex County, New Jersey Volume 1 Prepared for the City of Newark by the Rutgers Cooperative Extension Water Resources Program April 16, 2018

3 Table of Contents Introduction 1 Methodology... 1 Green Infrastructure Practices 8 Potential Project Sites 10 Conclusion Appendix A: Climate Resilient Green Infrastructure a. Green Infrastructure Sites b. Proposed Green Infrastructure Concepts c. Summary of Existing Conditions d. Summary of Proposed Green Infrastructure Practices

5 Introduction Located in Essex County in northern New Jersey, Newark covers approximately square miles. Figures 1 and 2 illustrate that Newark is dominated by urban land uses. A total of 86.8% of the municipality s land use is classified as urban. Of the urban land in Newark, high density residential is the dominant land use (Figure 3). The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection s (NJDEP) 2012 land use/land cover geographical information system (GIS) data layer categorizes Newark into many unique land use areas, assigning a percent impervious cover for each delineated area. These impervious cover values were used to estimate the impervious coverage for Newark. Based upon the 2012 NJDEP land use/land cover data, approximately 63.2% of Newark has impervious cover. This level of impervious cover suggests that the streams in Newark are likely non-supporting streams. 1 Methodology Newark contains portions of six subwatersheds (Figure 4). For this impervious cover reduction action plan, projects have been identified in each of these watersheds. Initially, aerial imagery was used to identify potential project sites that contain extensive impervious cover. Field visits were then conducted at each of these potential project sites to determine if a viable option exists to reduce impervious cover or to disconnect impervious surfaces from draining directly to the local waterway or storm sewer system. During the site visit, appropriate green infrastructure practices for the site were determined. Sites that already had stormwater management practices in place were not considered. 1 Caraco, D., R. Claytor, P. Hinkle, H. Kwon, T. Schueler, C. Swann, S. Vysotsky, and J. Zielinski Rapid Watershed Planning Handbook. A Comprehensive Guide for Managing Urbanizing Watersheds. Prepared by Center For Watershed Protection, Ellicott City, MD. Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Wetlands, Oceans and Watersheds and Region V. October

6 Figure 1: Map illustrating the land use in Newark 2

7 Water 8.5% Wetlands 1.0% Agriculture 0.0% Barren Land 1.0% Forest 2.7% Urban 86.8% Figure 2: Pie chart illustrating the land use in Newark 3

8 Transportation/Infrastructure 26.4% Commercial 15.3% Rural Residential 0.0% Recreational Land 6.4% High Density Residential 30.9% Mixed Urban 6.5% Medium Density Residential 0.5% Low Density Residential 0.0% Industrial 14.0% Figure 3: Pie chart illustrating the various types of urban land use in Newark 4

9 Figure 4: Map of the subwatersheds in Newark 5

10 For each potential project site, specific aerial loading coefficients for commercial land use were used to determine the annual runoff loads for total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), and total suspended solids (TSS) from impervious surfaces (Table 1). These are the same aerial loading coefficients that NJDEP uses in developing total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) for impaired waterways of the state. The percentage of impervious cover for each site was extracted from the 2012 NJDEP land use/land cover database. For impervious areas, runoff volumes were determined for the water quality design storm (1.25 inches of rain over two-hours) and for the annual rainfall total of 44 inches. Preliminary soil assessments were conducted for each potential project site identified in Newark using the United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey, which utilizes regional and statewide soil data to predict soil types in an area. Several key soil parameters were examined (e.g., natural drainage class, saturated hydraulic conductivity of the most limiting soil layer (Ksat), depth to water table, and hydrologic soil group) to evaluate the suitability of each site s soil for green infrastructure practices. In cases where multiple soil types were encountered, the key soil parameters were examined for each soil type expected at a site. For each potential project site, drainage areas were determined for each of the green infrastructure practices proposed at the site. These green infrastructure practices were designed to manage the 2-year design storm, enabling these practices to capture 95% of the annual rainfall. Runoff volumes were calculated for each proposed green infrastructure practice. The reduction in TSS loading was calculated for each drainage area for each proposed green infrastructure practice using the aerial loading coefficients in Table 1. The maximum volume reduction in stormwater runoff for each green infrastructure practice for a storm was determined by calculating the volume of runoff captured from the 2-year design storm. For each green infrastructure practice, peak discharge reduction potential was determined through hydrologic modeling in HydroCAD. For each green infrastructure practice, a cost estimate is provided. These costs are based upon the square footage of the green infrastructure practice and the real cost of green infrastructure practice implementation in New Jersey. 6

11 Table 1: Aerial Loading Coefficients 2 Land Cover TP load (lbs/acre/yr) TN load (lbs/acre/yr) TSS load (lbs/acre/yr) High, Medium Density Residential Low Density, Rural Residential Commercial Industrial Urban, Mixed Urban, Other Urban Agriculture Forest, Water, Wetlands Barrenland/Transitional Area New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP), Stormwater Best Management Practice Manual,

Green Infrastructure Practices Green infrastructure is an approach to stormwater management that is cost-effective, sustainable, and environmentally friendly.

As a general principal, green infrastructure practices use soil and vegetation to recycle stormwater runoff through infiltration and evapotranspiration.

while also providing communities with aesthetic and natural resource benefits 3. A wide range of green infrastructure practices have been evaluated for the potential project sites in Newark.

12 Green Infrastructure Practices Green infrastructure is an approach to stormwater management that is cost-effective, sustainable, and environmentally friendly. Green infrastructure projects capture, filter, absorb, and reuse stormwater to maintain or mimic natural systems and to treat runoff as a resource. As a general principal, green infrastructure practices use soil and vegetation to recycle stormwater runoff through infiltration and evapotranspiration. When used as components of a stormwater management system, green infrastructure practices such as bioretention, green roofs, porous pavement, rain gardens, and vegetated swales can produce a variety of environmental benefits. In addition to effectively retaining and infiltrating rainfall, these practices can simultaneously help filter air pollutants, reduce energy demands, mitigate urban heat islands, and sequester carbon while also providing communities with aesthetic and natural resource benefits 3. A wide range of green infrastructure practices have been evaluated for the potential project sites in Newark. Each practice is discussed below. Disconnected downspouts This is often referred to as simple disconnection. A downspout is simply disconnected, prevented from draining directly to the roadway or storm sewer system, and directed to discharge water to a pervious area (i.e., lawn). Pervious pavements There are several types of permeable pavement systems including porous asphalt, pervious concrete, permeable pavers, and grass pavers. These surfaces are hard and support vehicle traffic but also allow water to infiltrate through the surface. They have an underlying stone layer to store stormwater runoff and allow it to slowly seep into the ground. 3 United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Watershed Assessment, Tracking, and Environmental Results, New Jersey Water Quality Assessment Report. 8

Bioretention systems/rain gardens These are landscaped features that are designed

These systems can easily be incorporated into existing landscapes, improving

Bioretention systems also can be used in soils that do not quickly infiltrate by

Downspout planter boxes These are wooden boxes with plants installed at the base

Rainwater harvesting systems (cistern or rain barrel) These systems capture

The water can then be used for watering gardens, washing vehicles, or for other

13 Bioretention systems/rain gardens These are landscaped features that are designed to capture, treat, and infiltrate stormwater runoff. These systems can easily be incorporated into existing landscapes, improving aesthetics and creating wildlife habitat while managing stormwater runoff. Bioretention systems also can be used in soils that do not quickly infiltrate by incorporating an underdrain into the system. Downspout planter boxes These are wooden boxes with plants installed at the base of a downspout that provide an opportunity to beneficially reuse rooftop runoff. Rainwater harvesting systems (cistern or rain barrel) These systems capture rainwater, mainly from rooftops, in cisterns or rain barrels. The water can then be used for watering gardens, washing vehicles, or for other non-potable uses. Bioswale Bioswales are landscape features that convey stormwater from one location to another while removing pollutants and providing water an opportunity to infiltrate. 9

Stormwater planters Stormwater planters are vegetated structures that are built into the sidewalk to intercept stormwater runoff from the roadway or sidewalk.

Tree filter boxes These are pre-manufactured concrete boxes that contain a special soil mix and are planted with a tree or shrub. They filter stormwater runoff but provide little storage capacity.

14 Stormwater planters Stormwater planters are vegetated structures that are built into the sidewalk to intercept stormwater runoff from the roadway or sidewalk. Many of these planters are designed to allow the water to infiltrate into the ground while others are designed simply to filter the water and convey it back into the stormwater sewer system. Tree filter boxes These are pre-manufactured concrete boxes that contain a special soil mix and are planted with a tree or shrub. They filter stormwater runoff but provide little storage capacity. They are typically designed to quickly filter stormwater and then discharge it to the local sewer system. Potential Project Sites Appendix A contains information on potential project sites where green infrastructure practices could be installed as well as information on existing site conditions. The recommended green infrastructure practices and the drainage area that the green infrastructure practices can treat are identified for each potential project site. For each practice, the recharge potential, TSS removal potential, maximum volume reduction potential per storm, the peak reduction potential, and estimated costs are provided. This information is also provided so that proposed development projects that cannot satisfy the New Jersey stormwater management requirements for major development can use one of the identified projects to offset a stormwater management deficit. 4 4 New Jersey Administrative Code, N.J.A.C. 7:8, Stormwater Management, Statutory Authority: N.J.S.A. 12:5-3, 13:1D-1 et seq., 13:9A-1 et seq., 13:19-1 et seq., 40:55D-93 to 99, 58:4-1 et seq., 58:10A-1 et seq., 58:11A-1 et seq. and 58:16A-50 et seq., Date last amended: April 19,

15 Conclusion This impervious cover reduction action plan is meant to provide the municipality with a blueprint for implementing green infrastructure practices that will reduce the impact of stormwater runoff from impervious surfaces. These projects can be implemented by a wide variety of people such as boy scouts, girl scouts, school groups, faith-based groups, social groups, watershed groups, and other community groups. Additionally, development projects that are in need of providing off-site compensation for stormwater impacts can use the projects in this plan as a starting point. The municipality can quickly convert this impervious cover reduction action plan into a stormwater mitigation plan and incorporate it into the municipal stormwater control ordinance. 11

17 Appendix A: Climate Resilient Green Infrastructure a. Green Infrastructure Sites

SITES WITHIN THE ELIZABETH RIVER SUBWATERSHED 1. 590-596 15 th Avenue Community Garden 2. Art of Survival Garden 3. George Washington Carver Elementary School 4. Hawthorne Avenue Elementary School 5.

18 SITES WITHIN THE ELIZABETH RIVER SUBWATERSHED th Avenue Community Garden 2. Art of Survival Garden 3. George Washington Carver Elementary School 4. Hawthorne Avenue Elementary School 5. HOV Healthy Haven Garden 6. Peshine Avenue Elementary School SITES WITHIN LOWER PASSAIC RIVER SUBWATERSHED 7. 13th Avenue School th Avenue West Community Garden 9. MLK Boulevard Vacant Lot and Sidewalk 10. Newark Police Station 3 rd Precinct 11. Robert Treat Academy Charter School 12. Terrell Homes SITES WITHIN THE NEWARK AIRPORT PERIPHERAL DITCH SUBWATERSHED South 7th Street Community Garden Astor Street Community Garden Bergen Street Community Garden 16. Aerofarms 17. Harriet Tubman Elementary School 18. Harriet Tubman Elementary School Living Laboratory Garden 19. Ironbound Recreation Center 20. Nasto's Ice Cream 21. Revival Temple Community Garden 22. South Street Academy 23. St. Ann's Church

19 b. Proposed Green Infrastructure Concepts

590 & 596 15 th Avenue Community Garden Subwatershed: Site Area: Address: Block and Lot: Elizabeth River 4,123 sq. ft.

The water can then be used to water the garden or for other non-potable uses.

21 590 & th Avenue Community Garden Subwatershed: Site Area: Address: Block and Lot: Elizabeth River 4,123 sq. ft th Avenue Newark, NJ Block 327, Lot 24,27 Two cisterns can be installed to capture roof runoff from two buildings adjacent to the gardens. The water can then be used to water the garden or for other non-potable uses. A preliminary soil assessment suggests that more soil testing would be required before determining the soil s suitability for green infrastructure. Impervious Cover Existing Loads from Impervious Cover (lbs/yr) Runoff Volume from Impervious Cover (Mgal) % sq. ft. TP TN TSS For the 1.25" Water Quality Storm For an Annual Rainfall of 44" Recommended Green Infrastructure Practices Recharge Potential (Mgal/yr) TSS Removal Potential (lbs/yr) Maximum Volume (gal/storm) Peak Discharge (cu. ft./second) Size (sq. ft.) Cost Rainwater harvesting (gal) $1,300

The water can then be used to water the garden or for other non-potable uses. Two stormwater planters can be installed in the sidewalk to capture, treat, and infiltrate runoff from the road.

23 Art of Survival Garden Subwatershed: Site Area: Address: Block and Lot: Elizabeth River 4,858 sq. ft. 367 Seymour Avenue Newark, NJ Block 3603, Lot 7,8 A cistern can be installed to capture roof runoff from buildings adjacent to the gardens. The water can then be used to water the garden or for other non-potable uses. Two stormwater planters can be installed in the sidewalk to capture, treat, and infiltrate runoff from the road. A preliminary soil assessment suggests that more soil testing would be required before determining the soil s suitability for green infrastructure. Impervious Cover Existing Loads from Impervious Cover (lbs/yr) Runoff Volume from Impervious Cover (Mgal) % sq. ft. TP TN TSS For the 1.25" Water Quality Storm For an Annual Rainfall of 44" Recommended Green Infrastructure Practices Recharge Potential (Mgal/yr) TSS Removal Potential (lbs/yr) Maximum Volume (gal/storm) Peak Discharge (cu. ft./second) Size (sq. ft.) Cost Rainwater harvesting (gal) $650 Stormwater planters $45,000

events. A preliminary soil assessment suggests that more soil testing would be required before determining the soil s suitability for green infrastructure.

25 George Washington Carver Elementary School Subwatershed: Site Area: Address: Block and Lot: Elizabeth River 133,990 sq. ft. 333 Clinton Place Newark, NJ Block 3050, Lot 1 The basketball court and playground area can be converted into porous pavement in part or in full to capture and infiltrate runoff during storm events. A preliminary soil assessment suggests that more soil testing would be required before determining the soil s suitability for green infrastructure. Impervious Cover Existing Loads from Impervious Cover (lbs/yr) Runoff Volume from Impervious Cover (Mgal) % sq. ft. TP TN TSS For the 1.25" Water Quality Storm For an Annual Rainfall of 44" , Recommended Green Infrastructure Practices Recharge Potential (Mgal/yr) TSS Removal Potential (lbs/yr) Maximum Volume (gal/storm) Peak Discharge (cu. ft./second) Size (sq. ft.) Cost Pervious pavement , ,600 $165,000

demonstration projects. A section of pavement in the back of the building can be converted to porous paving to capture and infiltrate runoff during storm events.

27 Hawthorne Avenue Elementary School Subwatershed: Site Area: Address: Block and Lot: Elizabeth River 59,335 sq. ft. 428 Hawthorne Avenue Newark, NJ Block 3045, Lot 1 Three rain gardens can be installed around the school to capture, treat, and infiltrate runoff from the roof and also can serve as demonstration projects. A section of pavement in the back of the building can be converted to porous paving to capture and infiltrate runoff during storm events. A preliminary soil assessment suggests that more soil testing would be required before determining the soil s suitability for green infrastructure. Impervious Cover Existing Loads from Impervious Cover (lbs/yr) Runoff Volume from Impervious Cover (Mgal) % sq. ft. TP TN TSS For the 1.25" Water Quality Storm For an Annual Rainfall of 44" 95 56, Recommended Green Infrastructure Practices Recharge Potential (Mgal/yr) TSS Removal Potential (lbs/yr) Maximum Volume (gal/storm) Peak Discharge (cu. ft./second) Size (sq. ft.) Cost Bioretention systems , ,450 $7,250 Pervious pavement , ,250 $31,250

for watering the garden or for other non-potable uses. Two stormwater planters can be installed in the sidewalk to capture, treat, and infiltrate runoff from the road.

29 HOV Healthy Haven Garden Subwatershed: Site Area: Address: Block and Lot: Elizabeth River 3,036 sq. ft th Avenue Newark, NJ Block 4108, Lot 45 A cistern attached to a downspout of an adjacent building can capture and slowly release rainwater during storms, and the water can then be used for watering the garden or for other non-potable uses. Two stormwater planters can be installed in the sidewalk to capture, treat, and infiltrate runoff from the road. A preliminary soil assessment suggests that more soil testing would be required before determining the soil s suitability for green infrastructure. Impervious Cover Existing Loads from Impervious Cover (lbs/yr) Runoff Volume from Impervious Cover (Mgal) % sq. ft. TP TN TSS For the 1.25" Water Quality Storm For an Annual Rainfall of 44" Recommended Green Infrastructure Practices Recharge Potential (Mgal/yr) TSS Removal Potential (lbs/yr) Maximum Volume (gal/storm) Peak Discharge (cu. ft./second) Size (sq. ft.) Cost Rainwater harvesting (gal) $400 Stormwater planters $45,000

storm events. A preliminary soil assessment suggests that more soil testing would be required before determining the soil s suitability for green infrastructure.

31 Peshine Academy Elementary School Subwatershed: Site Area: Address: Block and Lot: Elizabeth River 90,635 sq. ft. 433 Peshine Avenue Newark, NJ Block 3583 Lot 25-38,42 The basketball court and playground area can be converted into porous pavement in part or in full to capture and infiltrate runoff during storm events. A preliminary soil assessment suggests that more soil testing would be required before determining the soil s suitability for green infrastructure. Impervious Cover Existing Loads from Impervious Cover (lbs/yr) Runoff Volume from Impervious Cover (Mgal) % sq. ft. TP TN TSS For the 1.25" Water Quality Storm For an Annual Rainfall of 44" 94 85, Recommended Green Infrastructure Practices Recharge Potential (Mgal/yr) TSS Removal Potential (lbs/yr) Maximum Volume (gal/storm) Peak Discharge (cu. ft./second) Size (sq. ft.) Cost Pervious pavement , ,200 $155,000

A preliminary soil assessment suggests that more soil testing would be required before determining the soil s suitability for green infrastructure.

33 13 th Avenue School Subwatershed: Site Area: Address: Block and Lot: Lower Passaic River 129,937 sq. ft th Avenue Newark, NJ Block 1798, Lot 9-60 The parking spaces can be converted into porous pavement to capture and infiltrate runoff from the large paved areas during storm events. A preliminary soil assessment suggests that more soil testing would be required before determining the soil s suitability for green infrastructure. Impervious Cover Existing Loads from Impervious Cover (lbs/yr) Runoff Volume from Impervious Cover (Mgal) % sq. ft. TP TN TSS For the 1.25" Water Quality Storm For an Annual Rainfall of 44" , Recommended Green Infrastructure Practices Recharge Potential (Mgal/yr) TSS Removal Potential (lbs/yr) Maximum Volume (gal/storm) Peak Discharge (cu. ft./second) Size (sq. ft.) Cost Pervious pavement , ,850 $171,250

35 391 7 th Avenue West Community Garden Subwatershed: Site Area: Address: Block and Lot: Lower Passaic River 1,001 sq. ft th Avenue West Newark, NJ Block 1918, Lot 79 A stormwater planter can be installed in the sidewalk to capture, treat, and infiltrate runoff from the road. A preliminary soil assessment suggests that more soil testing would be required before determining the soil s suitability for green infrastructure. Impervious Cover Existing Loads from Impervious Cover (lbs/yr) Runoff Volume from Impervious Cover (Mgal) % sq. ft. TP TN TSS For the 1.25" Water Quality Storm For an Annual Rainfall of 44" Recommended Green Infrastructure Practices Recharge Potential (Mgal/yr) TSS Removal Potential (lbs/yr) Maximum Volume (gal/storm) Peak Discharge (cu. ft./second) Size (sq. ft.) Cost Stormwater planter , $93,750

MLK Jr. Boulevard Vacant Lot and Sidewalk Subwatershed: Site Area: Address: Block and Lot: Lower Passaic River 56,113 sq. ft. 87 Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd. Newark, NJ 07104 Block 479 Lot 4,6.

A rain garden can be installed at the northeast corner of the lot to capture, treat, and infiltrate runoff from the adjacent rooftop of the church.

37 MLK Jr. Boulevard Vacant Lot and Sidewalk Subwatershed: Site Area: Address: Block and Lot: Lower Passaic River 56,113 sq. ft. 87 Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd. Newark, NJ Block 479 Lot 4,6.8, 10,11 Stormwater planters can be installed in the sidewalks around the lot to capture, treat, and infiltrate runoff from the streets. A rain garden can be installed at the northeast corner of the lot to capture, treat, and infiltrate runoff from the adjacent rooftop of the church. A preliminary soil assessment suggests that more soil testing would be required before determining the soil s suitability for green infrastructure. Impervious Cover Existing Loads from Impervious Cover (lbs/yr) Runoff Volume from Impervious Cover (Mgal) % sq. ft. TP TN TSS For the 1.25" Water Quality Storm For an Annual Rainfall of 44" 12 6, Recommended Green Infrastructure Practices Recharge Potential (Mgal/yr) TSS Removal Potential (lbs/yr) Maximum Volume (gal/storm) Peak Discharge (cu. ft./second) Size (sq. ft.) Cost Bioretention system , $2,125 Stormwater planters , ,750 $656,250

39 Newark Police Station 3rd Precinct Subwatershed: Site Area: Address: Block and Lot: Lower Passaic River 10,177 sq. ft. 649 Market Street Newark, NJ Block 2012, Lot 29 Stormwater planters can be placed along the sidewalk to capture, treat, and infiltrate stormwater runoff from the road. A preliminary soil assessment suggests that more soil testing would be required before determining the soil s suitability for green infrastructure. Impervious Cover Existing Loads from Impervious Cover (lbs/yr) Runoff Volume from Impervious Cover (Mgal) % sq. ft. TP TN TSS For the 1.25" Water Quality Storm For an Annual Rainfall of 44" 95 9, Recommended Green Infrastructure Practices Recharge Potential (Mgal/yr) TSS Removal Potential (lbs/yr) Maximum Volume (gal/storm) Peak Discharge (cu. ft./second) Size (sq. ft.) Cost Stormwater planters , $328,125

Robert Treat Academy Charter School Subwatershed: Site Area: Address: Block and Lot: Lower Passaic River 55,061 sq. ft. 443 Clifton Avenue Newark, NJ 07104 Block 609, Lot 28.

Two sections of parking spaces can be converted to pervious pavement to capture and infiltrate parking lot runoff.

41 Robert Treat Academy Charter School Subwatershed: Site Area: Address: Block and Lot: Lower Passaic River 55,061 sq. ft. 443 Clifton Avenue Newark, NJ Block 609, Lot 28.01, 84 Rain gardens can be installed along the front of the school to capture stormwater from the rooftop by redirecting downspouts into them. Two sections of parking spaces can be converted to pervious pavement to capture and infiltrate parking lot runoff. A preliminary soil assessment suggests that more soil testing would be required before determining the soil s suitability for green infrastructure. Impervious Cover Existing Loads from Impervious Cover (lbs/yr) Runoff Volume from Impervious Cover (Mgal) % sq. ft. TP TN TSS For the 1.25" Water Quality Storm For an Annual Rainfall of 44" 89 49, Recommended Green Infrastructure Practices Recharge Potential (Mgal/yr) TSS Removal Potential (lbs/yr) Maximum Volume (gal/storm) Peak Discharge (cu. ft./second) Size (sq. ft.) Cost Bioretention systems , $3,150 Pervious pavement , ,125 $78,125

There are several other paved areas on this site that could be depaved, and some of these areas can be converted into rain gardens to capture runoff from the rooftops.

43 Terrell Homes Subwatershed: Site Area: Address: Block and Lot: Lower Passaic River 499,588 sq. ft. 27 Riverview Terrace Newark, NJ Block 2442, Lot 1 Sections of the courtyard areas can be converted to pervious pavement to capture and infiltrate runoff from paved areas and rooftops. There are several other paved areas on this site that could be depaved, and some of these areas can be converted into rain gardens to capture runoff from the rooftops. A preliminary soil assessment suggests that more soil testing would be required before determining the soil s suitability for green infrastructure. Impervious Cover Existing Loads from Impervious Cover (lbs/yr) Runoff Volume from Impervious Cover (Mgal) % sq. ft. TP TN TSS For the 1.25" Water Quality Storm For an Annual Rainfall of 44" , , Recommended Green Infrastructure Practices Recharge Potential (Mgal/yr) TSS Removal Potential (lbs/yr) Maximum Volume (gal/storm) Peak Discharge (cu. ft./second) Size (sq. ft.) Cost Bioretention systems , ,325 $21,625 Pervious pavement , ,250 $131,250

45 293 South 7 th Street Community Garden Subwatershed: Site Area: Address: Block and Lot: Newark Airport Peripheral Ditch 1,728 sq. ft. 293 South 7 th Street Newark, NJ Block 269, Lot 15 A cistern can be installed to capture runoff from a roof on the nearby property, and the water can then be used for non-potable purposes. A preliminary soil assessment suggests that more soil testing would be required before determining the soil s suitability for green infrastructure. Impervious Cover Existing Loads from Impervious Cover (lbs/yr) Runoff Volume from Impervious Cover (Mgal) % sq. ft. TP TN TSS For the 1.25" Water Quality Storm For an Annual Rainfall of 44" Recommended Green Infrastructure Practices Recharge Potential (Mgal/yr) TSS Removal Potential (lbs/yr) Maximum Volume (gal/storm) Peak Discharge (cu. ft./second) Size (sq. ft.) Cost Rainwater harvesting (gal) $1,100

47 40 Astor Street Community Garden Subwatershed: Site Area: Address: Block and Lot: Newark Airport Peripheral Ditch 921 sq. ft. 40 Astor Street Newark, NJ Block 2808, Lot 10 A rain garden can be installed to capture, treat, and infiltrate runoff from the intersection. A preliminary soil assessment suggests that more soil testing would be required before determining the soil s suitability for green infrastructure. Impervious Cover Existing Loads from Impervious Cover (lbs/yr) Runoff Volume from Impervious Cover (Mgal) % sq. ft. TP TN TSS For the 1.25" Water Quality Storm For an Annual Rainfall of 44" Recommended Green Infrastructure Practices Recharge Potential (Mgal/yr) TSS Removal Potential (lbs/yr) Maximum Volume (gal/storm) Peak Discharge (cu. ft./second) Size (sq. ft.) Cost Bioretention system , $1,250

watering the garden. Stormwater planters can be installed along the street to capture, treat, and infiltrate runoff from the road.

49 616 Bergen Street Community Garden Subwatershed: Site Area: Address: Block and Lot: Newark Airport Peripheral Ditch 2,026 sq. ft. 616 Bergen Street Newark, NJ Block 2685, Lot 1 A cistern can be installed to capture runoff from a roof on the nearby property, and the water can be used for non-potable purposes such as watering the garden. Stormwater planters can be installed along the street to capture, treat, and infiltrate runoff from the road. A preliminary soil assessment suggests that more soil testing would be required before determining the soil s suitability for green infrastructure. Impervious Cover Existing Loads from Impervious Cover (lbs/yr) Runoff Volume from Impervious Cover (Mgal) % sq. ft. TP TN TSS For the 1.25" Water Quality Storm For an Annual Rainfall of 44" Recommended Green Infrastructure Practices Recharge Potential (Mgal/yr) TSS Removal Potential (lbs/yr) Maximum Volume (gal/storm) Peak Discharge (cu. ft./second) Size (sq. ft.) Cost Rainwater harvesting (gal) $650 Stormwater planters , $234,375

Cisterns can be installed to capture runoff from the greenhouse, and the water can then be reused for non-potable purposes.

51 Aerofarms Subwatershed: Site Area: Address: Block and Lot: Newark Airport Peripheral Ditch 123,332 sq. ft. 212 Rome Street Newark, NJ Block 2052;2487 Lot 30;38 A section of the parking lot can be converted into pervious pavement to capture and infiltrate parking lot runoff. Cisterns can be installed to capture runoff from the greenhouse, and the water can then be reused for non-potable purposes. A preliminary soil assessment suggests that more soil testing would be required before determining the soil s suitability for green infrastructure. Impervious Cover Existing Loads from Impervious Cover (lbs/yr) Runoff Volume from Impervious Cover (Mgal) % sq. ft. TP TN TSS For the 1.25" Water Quality Storm For an Annual Rainfall of 44" , Recommended Green Infrastructure Practices Recharge Potential (Mgal/yr) TSS Removal Potential (lbs/yr) Maximum Volume (gal/storm) Peak Discharge (cu. ft./second) Size (sq. ft.) Cost Pervious pavement , ,550 $63,750 Rainwater harvesting , ,300 (gal) $6,600

A section of the turfgrass area in front of the school can be converted to a rain garden to capture, treat, and infiltrate runoff from the roof.

53 Harriet Tubman Elementary School Subwatershed: Site Area: Address: Block and Lot: Newark Airport Peripheral Ditch 43,218 sq. ft. 504 South 10 th Avenue Newark, NJ Block 305, Lot 8-15 A section of the parking lot can be converted into pervious pavement to capture and infiltrate parking lot runoff. A section of the turfgrass area in front of the school can be converted to a rain garden to capture, treat, and infiltrate runoff from the roof. A preliminary soil assessment suggests that more soil testing would be required before determining the soil s suitability for green infrastructure Impervious Cover Existing Loads from Impervious Cover (lbs/yr) Runoff Volume from Impervious Cover (Mgal) % sq. ft. TP TN TSS For the 1.25" Water Quality Storm For an Annual Rainfall of 44" 97 41, Recommended Green Infrastructure Practices Recharge Potential (Mgal/yr) TSS Removal Potential (lbs/yr) Maximum Volume (gal/storm) Peak Discharge (cu. ft./second) Size (sq. ft.) Cost Bioretention system , $2,100 Pervious pavement , ,800 $45,000

Harriet Tubman Elementary School Living Laboratory Garden Subwatershed: Site Area: Address: Block and Lot: Newark Airport Peripheral Ditch 8,293 sq. ft.

01 Lot 48, 50 A rain garden can be installed at the fork in the road to capture, treat, and infiltrate runoff from the road and also serve as a demonstration garden for students.

55 Harriet Tubman Elementary School Living Laboratory Garden Subwatershed: Site Area: Address: Block and Lot: Newark Airport Peripheral Ditch 8,293 sq. ft. South 10 th St & Blum St Newark, NJ Block Lot 48, 50 A rain garden can be installed at the fork in the road to capture, treat, and infiltrate runoff from the road and also serve as a demonstration garden for students. A preliminary soil assessment suggests that more soil testing would be required before determining the soil s suitability for green infrastructure Impervious Cover Existing Loads from Impervious Cover (lbs/yr) Runoff Volume from Impervious Cover (Mgal) % sq. ft. TP TN TSS For the 1.25" Water Quality Storm For an Annual Rainfall of 44" 25 2, Recommended Green Infrastructure Practices Recharge Potential (Mgal/yr) TSS Removal Potential (lbs/yr) Maximum Volume (gal/storm) Peak Discharge (cu. ft./second) Size (sq. ft.) Cost Bioretention system , $1,000

A rain garden can be installed in the turfgrass area on the east side of the building to capture and infiltrate runoff from the roof.

57 Ironbound Recreation Center Subwatershed: Site Area: Address: Block and Lot: Newark Airport Peripheral Ditch 469,954 sq. ft. 226 Rome Street Newark, NJ Block 2052, Lot 1 The sidewalk area can be converted to pervious pavement to capture and infiltrate runoff from the parking lot and roof. A rain garden can be installed in the turfgrass area on the east side of the building to capture and infiltrate runoff from the roof. A preliminary soil assessment suggests that more soil testing would be required before determining the soil s suitability for green infrastructure. Impervious Cover Existing Loads from Impervious Cover (lbs/yr) Runoff Volume from Impervious Cover (Mgal) % sq. ft. TP TN TSS For the 1.25" Water Quality Storm For an Annual Rainfall of 44" , , Recommended Green Infrastructure Practices Recharge Potential (Mgal/yr) TSS Removal Potential (lbs/yr) Maximum Volume (gal/storm) Peak Discharge (cu. ft./second) Size (sq. ft.) Cost Rainwater harvesting , $4,625 Pervious pavement , ,300 $207,500

59 Nasto s Ice Cream Subwatershed: Site Area: Address: Block and Lot: Newark Airport Peripheral Ditch 7,213 sq. ft. 236 Jefferson Street Newark, NJ Block 957, Lot 6 Stormwater planters can be planted on the street near the property to capture, treat, and infiltrate runoff from the streets. A preliminary soil assessment suggests that more soil testing would be required before determining the soil s suitability for green infrastructure. Impervious Cover Existing Loads from Impervious Cover (lbs/yr) Runoff Volume from Impervious Cover (Mgal) % sq. ft. TP TN TSS For the 1.25" Water Quality Storm For an Annual Rainfall of 44" 100 7, Recommended Green Infrastructure Practices Recharge Potential (Mgal/yr) TSS Removal Potential (lbs/yr) Maximum Volume (gal/storm) Peak Discharge (cu. ft./second) Size (sq. ft.) Cost Stormwater planters , $84,375

Revival Temple Community Garden Subwatershed: Site Area: Address: Block and Lot: Newark Airport Peripheral Ditch 16,950 sq. ft.

The water can then be used for non-portable purposes such as watering the garden.

Impervious Cover Existing Loads from Impervious Cover (lbs/yr) Runoff Volume from Impervious Cover (Mgal) % sq. ft. TP TN TSS For the 1.

61 Revival Temple Community Garden Subwatershed: Site Area: Address: Block and Lot: Newark Airport Peripheral Ditch 16,950 sq. ft th Avenue Newark, NJ Block 293 Lot 26,29,31,32 A cistern can be installed to capture the runoff from the roof of the building. The water can then be used for non-portable purposes such as watering the garden. A preliminary soil assessment suggests that more soil testing would be required before determining the soil s suitability for green infrastructure. Impervious Cover Existing Loads from Impervious Cover (lbs/yr) Runoff Volume from Impervious Cover (Mgal) % sq. ft. TP TN TSS For the 1.25" Water Quality Storm For an Annual Rainfall of 44" 50 8, Recommended Green Infrastructure Practices Recharge Potential (Mgal/yr) TSS Removal Potential (lbs/yr) Maximum Volume (gal/storm) Peak Discharge (cu. ft./second) Size (sq. ft.) Cost Rainwater harvesting , ,300 (gal) $6,600

South Street Academy Subwatershed: Site Area: Address: Block and Lot: Newark Airport Peripheral Ditch 28,093 sq. ft.

runoff from the roof of the building. A section of pervious pavement can be installed in parking spaces to capture and infiltrate runoff from the parking lot and rooftop.

63 South Street Academy Subwatershed: Site Area: Address: Block and Lot: Newark Airport Peripheral Ditch 28,093 sq. ft. 151 South Street Newark, NJ Block 1163, Lot 1,32 A rain garden can be installed in an existing courtyard at the northwest corner of the building to capture, treat, and infiltrate runoff from the roof of the building. A section of pervious pavement can be installed in parking spaces to capture and infiltrate runoff from the parking lot and rooftop. A preliminary soil assessment suggests that more soil testing would be required before determining the soil s suitability for green infrastructure. Impervious Cover Existing Loads from Impervious Cover (lbs/yr) Runoff Volume from Impervious Cover (Mgal) % sq. ft. TP TN TSS For the 1.25" Water Quality Storm For an Annual Rainfall of 44" , Recommended Green Infrastructure Practices Recharge Potential (Mgal/yr) TSS Removal Potential (lbs/yr) Maximum Volume (gal/storm) Peak Discharge (cu. ft./second) Size (sq. ft.) Cost Bioretention system , $900 Pervious pavement , ,850 $46,250

St. Ann s Church Subwatershed: Site Area: Address: Block and Lot: Newark Airport Peripheral Ditch 32,813 sq. ft. 106 16 th Avenue Newark, NJ 07103 Block 292, Lot 26.

The stormwater planters will capture, treat, and infiltrate the runoff, and the pervious pavement will allow runoff to infiltrate.

65 St. Ann s Church Subwatershed: Site Area: Address: Block and Lot: Newark Airport Peripheral Ditch 32,813 sq. ft th Avenue Newark, NJ Block 292, Lot A combination of stormwater planters and pervious pavement sections can be installed around the perimeter of the site to manage runoff from the site and streets. The stormwater planters will capture, treat, and infiltrate the runoff, and the pervious pavement will allow runoff to infiltrate. There are also opportunities for rain gardens to capture additional rooftop runoff. A preliminary soil assessment suggests that more soil testing would be required before determining the soil s suitability for green infrastructure. Impervious Cover Existing Loads from Impervious Cover (lbs/yr) Runoff Volume from Impervious Cover (Mgal) % sq. ft. TP TN TSS For the 1.25" Water Quality Storm For an Annual Rainfall of 44" 85 27, Recommended Green Infrastructure Practices Recharge Potential (Mgal/yr) TSS Removal Potential (lbs/yr) Maximum Volume (gal/storm) Peak Discharge (cu. ft./second) Size (sq. ft.) Cost Bioretention systems , $2,050 Pervious pavement , ,490 $87,250 Stormwater planters , ,250 $468,750

67 c. Summary of Existing Conditions

68 Summary of Existing Conditions Runoff Volumes from I.C. Runoff Volumes from I.C. Existing Annual Loads (Commercial) I.C. Water Quality Storm Water Quality Storm Subwatershed/Site Name/Total Site Info/GI Practice Area Area Block Lot I.C. Area TP TN TSS (1.25" over 2-hours) Annual (1.25" over 2-hours) Annual (ac) (SF) % (SF) (lb/yr) (lb/yr) (lb/yr) (cu.ft.) (cu.ft.) (Mgal) (Mgal) ELIZABETH RIVER SUBWATERSHED , , , , , th Avenue Community Garden Total Site Info , , Art of Survival Garden Total Site Info , , George Washington Carver Elementary School Total Site Info , , , , Hawthorne Avenue Elementary School Total Site Info , , , , HOV Healthy Haven Garden Total Site Info , Peshine Academy Elementary School Total Site Info , , , , , LOWER PASSAIC RIVER SUBWATERSHED , , , , ,137, th Avenue School Total Site Info , , , , th Avenue West Community Garden Total Site Info , MLK Jr. Boulevard Vacant Lot and Sidewalk Total Site Info , ,6,8,10, , , Newark Police Station 3rd Precinct Total Site Info , , ,006 35, Robert Treat Academy Charter School Total Site Info , , , , , Terrell Homes Total Site Info , , , ,326 1,419, NEWARK AIRPORT PERIPHERAL DITCH SUBWATERSHED , , , , ,821, South 7th Street Community Garden Total Site Info ,

69 Summary of Existing Conditions Runoff Volumes from I.C. Runoff Volumes from I.C. Existing Annual Loads (Commercial) I.C. Water Quality Storm Water Quality Storm Subwatershed/Site Name/Total Site Info/GI Practice Area Area Block Lot I.C. Area TP TN TSS (1.25" over 2-hours) Annual (1.25" over 2-hours) Annual (ac) (SF) % (SF) (lb/yr) (lb/yr) (lb/yr) (cu.ft.) (cu.ft.) (Mgal) (Mgal) Astor Street Community Garden Total Site Info Bergen Street Community Garden Total Site Info , Aerofarms Total Site Info , ; ; , , , Harriet Tubman Elementary School Total Site Info , , , , Harriet Tubman Elementary School Living Laboratory Garden Total Site Info , , , , Ironbound Recreation Center Total Site Info , , , ,727 1,011, Nasto's Ice Cream Total Site Info , , , Revival Temple Community Garden Total Site Info , ,29,31, , , South Street Academy Total Site Info , , , , , St. Ann's Church Total Site Info , , , ,

70 d. Summary of Proposed Green Infrastructure Practices

71 Summary of Proposed Green Infrastructure Practices Potential Management Area Max Volume Peak Discharge Recharge TSS Removal Reduction Reduction Size of Unit Total I.C. Subwatershed/Site Name/Total Site Info/GI Practice Area Area Potential Potential Potential Potential BMP Cost Unit Cost Treated (SF) (ac) (Mgal/yr) (lbs/yr) (gal/storm) (cfs) ($/unit) ($) % ELIZABETH RIVER SUBWATERSHED 83, , $450, % th Avenue Community Garden Rainwater harvesting $2 gal $1, % Total Site Info $1, % 2 Art of Survival Garden Rainwater harvesting $2 gal $ % Stormwater planter $375 SF $45, % Total Site Info , $45, % 3 George Washington Carver Elementary School Pervious pavement 37, , ,600 $25 SF $165, % Total Site Info 37, , $165, % 4 Hawthorne Avenue Elementary School Bioretention system 5, , ,450 $5 SF $7, % Pervious pavement 3, , ,250 $25 SF $31, % Total Site Info 9, , $38, % 5 HOV Healthy Haven Garden Rainwater harvesting $2 gal $ % Stormwater planter $375 SF $45, % Total Site Info , $45, % 6 Peshine Academy Elementary School Pervious pavement 34, , ,200 $25 SF $155, % Total Site Info 34, , $155, % LOWER PASSAIC RIVER SUBWATERSHED 103, , $1,485, % 7 13th Avenue School Pervious pavement 29, , ,850 $25 SF $171, % Total Site Info 29, , $171, % th Avenue West Community Garden Stormwater planter 1, , $375 SF $93, % Total Site Info 1, , $93, % 9 MLK Jr. Boulevard Vacant Lot and Sidewalk Bioretention system 1, , $5 SF $2, % Stormwater planter 7, , ,750 $375 SF $656, % Total Site Info 8, , $658, % 10 Newark Police Station 3rd Precinct Stormwater planter 3, , $375 SF $328, % Total Site Info 3, , $328, % 1

72 Summary of Proposed Green Infrastructure Practices Potential Management Area Max Volume Peak Discharge Recharge TSS Removal Reduction Reduction Size of Unit Total I.C. Subwatershed/Site Name/Total Site Info/GI Practice Area Area Potential Potential Potential Potential BMP Cost Unit Cost Treated (SF) (ac) (Mgal/yr) (lbs/yr) (gal/storm) (cfs) ($/unit) ($) % 11 Robert Treat Academy Charter School Bioretention system 2, , $5 SF $3, % Pervious pavement 11, , ,125 $25 SF $78, % Total Site Info 14, , $81, % 12 Terrell Homes Bioretention system 17, , ,325 $5 SF $21, % Pervious pavement 29, , ,250 $25 SF $131, % Total Site Info 46, , $152, % NEWARK AIRPORT PERIPHERAL DITCH SUBWATERSHED 101, , $1,264, % South 7th Street Community Garden Rainwater harvesting $2 gal $1, % Total Site Info $1, % Astor Street Community Garden Bioretention system 1, , $5 SF $1, % Total Site Info 1, , $1, % Bergen Street Community Garden Rainwater harvesting $2 gal $ % Stormwater planter 2, , $375 SF $234, % Total Site Info 2, , $235, % 16 Aerofarms Pervious pavement 14, , ,550 $25 SF $63, % Rainwater harvesting 4, , ,300 $2 gal $6, % Total Site Info 18, , $70, % 17 Harriet Tubman Elementary School Bioretention system 1, , $5 SF $2, % Pervious pavement 4, , ,800 $25 SF $45, % Total Site Info 6, , $47, % 18 Harriet Tubman Elementary School Living Laboratory Garden Bioretention system , $5 SF $1, % Total Site Info , $1, % 19 Ironbound Recreation Center Bioretention system 3, , $5 SF $4, % Pervious pavement 25, , ,300 $25 SF $207, % Total Site Info 28, , $212, % 20 Nasto's Ice Cream Stormwater planter , $375 SF $84, % Total Site Info , $84, % 21 Revival Temple Community Garden 2

73 Summary of Proposed Green Infrastructure Practices Potential Management Area Max Volume Peak Discharge Recharge TSS Removal Reduction Reduction Size of Unit Total I.C. Subwatershed/Site Name/Total Site Info/GI Practice Area Area Potential Potential Potential Potential BMP Cost Unit Cost Treated (SF) (ac) (Mgal/yr) (lbs/yr) (gal/storm) (cfs) ($/unit) ($) % Rainwater harvesting 4, , ,300 $2 gal $6, % Total Site Info 4, , $6, % 22 South Street Academy Bioretention system , $5 SF $ % Pervious pavement 7, , ,850 $25 SF $46, % Total Site Info 7, , $47, % 23 St. Ann's Church Bioretention system 1, , $5 SF $2, % Pervious pavement 22, , ,490 $25 SF $87, % Stormwater planter 5, , ,250 $375 SF $468, % Total Site Info 29, , $558, % 3

Draft Impervious Cover Reduction Action Plan for West New York, Hudson County, New Jersey

Draft Impervious Cover Reduction Action Plan for West New York, Hudson County, New Jersey Prepared for the Town of West New York by the Rutgers Cooperative Extension Water Resources Program March 29, 2017