Landscaping at the Water s Edge: An Ecological Approach

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1 Landscaping at the Water s Edge: An Ecological Approach "Innovative Landscaping to Protect Water Quality: Reigning in runoff" Jeff Schloss Extension Professor and Water Resources Specialist UNH Cooperative Extension UNH Center for Freshwater Biology Lake Wicwas Association Annual Meeting August 6, 2011 Center Meredith, New Hampshire

2 NH Lakes Some of the cleanest and clearest lakes in the country However: Many lakes are showing signs of stress Cyanobacteria blooms are becoming more prevalent Nutrients (phosphorus and nitrogen) play a large role UNH studies suggest as TP and TN increase so do toxins

3 THE WATER CYCLE Snow Pack Evaporation Transpiration Evaporation & Transpiration Precipitation Runoff Snowmelt & Surface Runoff Infiltration Stream Flow Wetland Storage Ocean Ground Water Movement to Streams, Lakes, Wetlands & the Oceans

4

5

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7 Development Impacts on the Water Cycle 10% 50% 55% 15%

8

9 5x 7x 18x

10 Carving Up the Landscape Courtesy of UCONN Cooperative Extension

11 Buffer Width Affects Water Quality

12

13 Importance of Layered Vegetation Transpiration Evaporation Infiltration through forest duff Forest duff and soils act as a sponge Roots stabilize soils preventing erosion and allow plants to pump up water back into the atmosphere (transpiration)

14 High shrubs/grasses will also discourage geese from coming on shore

15 Trees, tall plants and shrubs can discourage invasive species from spreading by shading

16 Let s Change the Approach! Landscaping does not have to be the problem

17 Let s Change the Approach! Landscaping can be the solution

18 Dealing With Home-Site Runoff Potential Contributing Waters Sources From Off-site Roads, Neighboring Properties From Your Site Driveways, Boat ramps, Foot paths, Compacted surfaces, Patios Roof Line, Gutters, Sump Pumps Seeps

19 Assessment & Inventory Site Drawing Wet areas Seeps/Springs Paved Areas Compacted Areas Point Sources Culvets Drains Sumps Paths/Trails Concentrated Flows Flat Areas Sloped Areas Following the Flow

20 Dealing With Home-Site Runoff Diversion -away from steep areas into vegetated areas Interruption- break up the flow so it can t build up velocity Spread the flow over a flat vegetated area Increase groundwater recharge through infiltration Protect shore area with riparian buffer

21 Infiltration (Drip) Trench Photos: AWWA

22 Rain barrels

23 Rain gardens Captures and soaks up storm water runoff Plants that tolerate temporary ponding

24 Photos: AWWA Rain gardens

25 Road, Driveway, or With a curb (curb cut needed) Parking Lot Scenario Photo Credit: Barr Engineering, Minneapolis, MN

26 Contributing Area From Road Photo Credit: Rusty Schmidt Drainage Area

27 Infiltration Steps

28 Waterbars Photo: AWWA Photo: AWWA

29 Waterbar Series Photo: AWWA

30 Plunge Pool/Dry Wells Photo: AWWA

31 Swales and Berms

32 Swales and Berms

33 Swales Can Promote Detention and Infiltration Check Dam Infiltration Trench

34

35 Minimize Imperviousness, Use Vegetation Photo: AWWA

36 50 ft Forested Buffer 1, X 5x 2 X 7x <3 X 18x Infiltration Trenches Previous Example with Best Practices

37 Contact Information and Resources Jeffrey Schloss UNH Cooperative Extension 133 Spaulding Hall, 38 Academic Way Durham, NH (603) Publications: Extension.unh.edu/resources

38 Resources Links Landscaping at the Water s Edge: an ecological approach hard copy $20 Pdf version (free): NH DES- A Shoreland Homeowner s Guide to Stormwater Management nts/nhdes-wd-10-8.pdf For design guidance refer to Portland Water District/ Maine DEP environmental and conservation factsheet series:

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