Low Impact Development and Green Infrastructure 101. The new paradigm for stormwater management

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1 Low Impact Development and Green Infrastructure 101 The new paradigm for stormwater management Wayne Petersen Urban Conservationist

2 IDALS s Urban Conservation Team Wayne Petersen Wallace Building, Des Moines Wayne.petersen@iowaagriculture.gov Derek Namanny Spirit Lake FO x 3 Derek.namanny@ia.nacdnet.net Jennifer Welch Ankeny FO x 3 Jennifer.welch@ia.nacdnet.net Amy Bouska, Iowa City FO x 3 Amy.bouska@ia.nacdnet.net

3 The Water Cycle

4 Historic Hydrology vs. Modern Hydrology (the native ecosystem model) 0-10% 50% 55% 15%

5 The Native Ecosystem Model and The Historic Hydrology Prairie Savanna/Woodland Surface waters (wetlands/streams/rivers/lakes)

6 The Tallgrass Prairie

7 Iowa Vegetative History 1850 s

8 Iowa Vegetative History 1990 s Dominated by row crop agricultural Grassland and degraded savanna in the southern portions is dominated by non-native species

9 The roots / The soil

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12 Historic Landscapes Prairie soils had 8-10% organic matter (OM) and 45% pore space. Now soils have 2-4% OM. Often less OM where development has occurred (topsoil exported). Bulk density has increased less pores space

13 Historic Landscapes Soils have lost 60-80% of their ability to absorb and infiltrate rainfall events Landscapes initiate runoff sooner; shed more runoff Fashier hydrology - more runoff - water quality degradation Compounded with impervious and compacted urban landscapes

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16 Hydrologically Dysfunctional Soils Water runs off this compacted turf grass after a storm

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19 Savanna/Woodlands Drive a wagon with a team of horses through the woods Open Forest Canopy Light Hits Forest Floor Floor Covered with Native Species

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21 Bill & Sybilla Brown A Case Study in Ecosytem Restoration

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29 Wetlands Vital Habitat for Migratory Bird Species Breeding areas for many different kinds of aquatic young Kidneys of the Environment

30 Farmed Wetland

31 Restored Wetland

32 Stormwater Wetlands

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40 Iowa s Changing Land Use Examples High OM to Low OM High porosity to higher bulk density Pervious to impervious Effects include: Less infiltration Less groundwater recharge More runoff Flashy stream flows More erosion Water quality degradation Increased flooding

41 Adding Imperviousness Slide provided by Lori McDaniel, DNR

42 Hydrograph Scenarios 1 Existing Developed, conventional CN, no control. 2 Q Pre-development Peak Runoff Rate 2 1 T

43 Presently detention for flood control

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46 Wet Detention D.A. = acres Residential = 34 ac Ag = ac P. Surface= 2.4 ac

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49 Hydrograph Scenarios 1 Existing 2 3 Developed, conventional CN, no control. Developed, conventional CN and control. Q Pre-development Peak Runoff Rate T

50 Unified Stormwater Sizing Criteria and Traditional Stormwater Management (Flood Control) Water Quality Volume in/24 hrs Channel Protection Volume in/24 hrs Overbank Flood Protection - 4 in/24 hrs Extreme Flood Protection -> 7 in/24 hrs

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53 Rainfall Data Flood Control

54 Unified Sizing Criteria and Managing for Water Quality Water Quality Volume in/24 hrs Channel Protection Volume in/24 hrs Overbank Flood Protection - 4 in/24 hrs Extreme Flood Protection -> 6-7 in/24 hrs

55 Rainfall Data WQv

56 Unified Sizing Criteria and Managing for Channel Protection Water Quality Volume in/24 hrs Channel Protection Volume in/24 hrs Overbank Flood Protection - 4 in/24 hrs Extreme Flood Protection -> 6-7 in/24 hrs

57 Rainfall Data CPv

58 Best Management Practices Green Roofs / Green Walls Rainater Harvesting Soil Quality Restoration Native Landscaping Porous Pavement Bioretention Bioswales Planter boxes Stream Corridor Stabilization

Amy Bouska Urban Conservationist IDALS-Division of Soil Conservation

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