THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE IN THE FORMATION OF TRADITIONAL TURKISH HOUSES
|
|
- Ethelbert Melton
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE IN THE FORMATION OF TRADITIONAL TURKISH HOUSES A. Er Akan, F. Z. Cakici Department of Architecture, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, ABSTRACT: Magnificent structures have been built by our ancestors, as part of our historic heritage. Traditional Turkish houses constitute an important part of these structures. Unfortunately, traditional housing patterns have been disappeared and the Turkish house has lost its original character. There are several factors, which determine the design of houses such as traditions, way of life, material, economy and climate. Traditional Turkish houses in Turkey are produced under the influence of regional characteristics of the Western-Northern- Southern and Central and the Marmara regions that have significant climatic differences due to their varied geographies. Hence climate types of these regions play a dominant role in the design of the Traditional Turkish house. This study represents a brief historical background of the Turkish house and explains how the different climatic conditions have influenced the home environment and plan types. In order to make a comparison, three cases have been selected from different regions of Turkey. Keywords Climate; Planning; Traditional Turkish Houses; Turkey 1. INTRODUCTION Dwellings are built to serve a variety of functions. One of the most important functions is to create living conditions that are acceptable to their occupants, particularly in relation to the climate of the region. Buildings do not control the climate; they can only provide protection from such elements of nature as the wind, rain or sun etc. However, they can passively modify the internal climate, even though they are affected by the external conditions. The materials that are used for constructing a building, its orientation and form, the volumes it encloses and the services that are installed, may all contribute to the micro-climate that a house generates. Building materials selected from natural resources may be considered in terms of their climatic suitability and performance, and the means by which cultures have utilized thermal properties of these materials (Oliver, 2003). Although the regions where the Turkish House is common are generally within the moderate climate zones, significant differences can be noted in the microclimate, temperature and precipitation rates, both between the north and the south and between the coasts and inlands, due also to the variation in local topographies. Generally, the plan of houses is formed with the arrangement of the rooms around a sofa. Plan types of sofas are shown below. The open- sofa plan type, which is one of the most important plan types of the Turkish House, can be seen both along the Mediterranean coast in Antalya, which has mild winters and in Central Anatolia in Ankara, which in turn has very harsh winters (Gunay, 1998). Traditional houses have been designed to provide suitable spaces for winter and summer conditions. 338
2 Figure 1.1 Plan Types of Sofas (Gunay, 1998) 2. FORMATION OF TRADITIONAL TURKISH HOUSES It can be said that Traditional Turkish houses are the products of man s direct relations and experiences with the environment. The form is modified until it satisfies most of the cultural, physical and maintenance requirements. These buildings are flexible enough to withstand alterations and they resist environmental forces like microclimate and site (Onat, 1992). According to Tosun (1983) general characteristics of traditional houses in Turkey are: lack of theoretical presentations; working with the site and microclimate; respect for other people and their houses and hence for the total environment, man-made as well as natural. Onat (1992) classifies the factors that determine traditional construction in this country as follows: Geographical factors: Geographical factors include climate, site, geology (abundance or shortage of specific building materials), the potential of soil for agriculture and appropriate way of farming etc. Climatic solution can be analyzed in terms of orientation, structure, plan layout, settlement form and use of materials. Site is evaluated in terms of slope, type of rock, soil, vegetation etc. Historical Factors: By historical factors it is meant that traditional architecture is influenced in one way or another by the past. Existing buildings are references for craftsmen in their works. Technological and constructional factors: Technological and constructional factors are the availability and choice of materials and construction techniques. These factors influence and modify the form of the buildings in a settlement. Socio- Cultural Factors: Safety, religion and economics are the determinants of sociocultural factors in traditional construction. Some basic needs and beliefs, family size and structure, position of women, privacy and social organization and relations are also some of the important aspects of social and cultural factors that affect the built form. Among the factors mentioned above, climate is a dominant factor in the formation of traditional houses in Turkey. According to Ceylan (1983) climatic variables that influence architecture can be listed as follows: Wind: Desirable or undesirable and hence whether it should be encouraged or discouraged. Rain: Comes mostly under construction, but involves climate by the need to keep out rain while retaining ventilation, especially in hot, humid areas. 339
3 Radiation and Light: Desirable or undesirable, and hence whether it should be encouraged or discouraged. 3. CASE STUDIES There are four climatic regions in Turkey as shown on the map (Figure 3.1). In this study three traditional house types from three different climatic regions of Turkey are examined and compared in terms of climatic effects on the formation of these houses. The regions and the cities selected for the study are: 2. region-urfa, 3. region-safranbolu and 4. region- Kayseri. Figure 3.1 Climatic Regions of Turkey (Turkish Standard TS 825, 1998) 3.1. Traditional Houses in Urfa The city of Urfa is situated in south-eastern Turkey, which has an arid climate. The climate in arid zones is characterized by high day-time and low night-time temperatures, low humidity little precipitation and a relentless sun which shines from a cloudless sky. The air temperatures for 7-8 months of the year are quite high in Urfa. Climatic values of the city are seen in Table The courtyard house with a small pool and a planting section as microclimatic elements is the ideal type of dwelling in this region (Figure 3.1.1). Depending upon the land on which they were built, they either have a square, rectangular or trapezoid plan. The eyvan is the principal unit of the main plan with rooms on both sides, rectangular in shape with windows at the sides, closed at the rear and has an arched facade facing the courtyard. It is an important element acting as a determinant of the plan layout of traditional dwellings in arid regions of Turkey, while sofa is the important element of other regions. According to Oren (1996) eyvan is the space providing a passageway inside the house and where interfamilial and intrafamilial relations took place. Traditional houses in Urfa have generally two eyvan s for summer and winter use (Figure 3.1.2). 340
4 Figure A courtyard house with a small pool and a planting section (Oren, 1996) Figure Eyvan s in traditional Urfa houses (Oren, 1996) The eyvan, kitchen, barn and storerooms and stairs are located around the courtyard, where the fountain, well and flowerbeds from an indoor garden. The rooms opening onto the courtyard have smaller windows, which have not glass and are used to illuminate and ventilate the rooms. Due to the arid climate, the roofs are flat and either covered by earth or paved with stone. These structures are generally planned to be above the courtyard. Three or five steps lead to the eyvan s on the lower- floors. On the upper floors there is a rectangular, open space with arcades overlooking the courtyard. On the rear walls of eyvan which is used mostly during hot summer days, there is a wide high niche in the middle with two lower narrow niches at the sides with ducts leading to the roof for providing ventilation. The building material used in Urfa is light coloured calcerous stone. Stone is an appropriate material to be used in arid regions; since it has a high thermal capacity. This particular type of stone is soft when it is brought from the quarry, therefore it can easily be shaped. However, it hardens after it is used in construction, and exposed to the climatic conditions. This material works climatically and provides a pleasing atmosphere in all seasons (Figure 3.1.3). In order to create a better microclimate and decrease the stressful effect of the sun in summer, the streets in Urfa are designed with a width of m, and high walls, which shade the streets all day, surround courtyards. Kabaalti (vaulted passageways) which is a part of the street, are constructed to creat a cool spot on hot summer days (Oren, 1996) (Figure 3.1.4). Comparing Urfa houses to others built in areas on the same 341
5 latitude and with similar climatic conditions, it can be said that the same architectural characteristics prevail with respect to planning; the Urfa houses are similar to those in Diyarbakir and Mardin in the same region. Figure Material Works in Urfa Houses Figure A Kabaalti from Urfa (Vaulted passageway) Source: Oren (1996) 3.2. Traditional Houses in Safranbolu Safranbolu, which is located in the north-west Black Sea Region, is surrounded by mountains on its north and west. Being only metres above sea level, the city is on a transitional belt between the climate of the Black Sea region and that of Central Anatolia. It rains during all seasons, however, due to the influence of the climate in the Central Anatolia, there is much more rainfall in the first half of the year. Summer starts at the beginning of July and lasts till the end of September. Because of its location, Safranbolu is not exposed to the winds. There are four factors, which help shape the houses in Safranbolu: family structure, climate, culture and economy. Being three storied in general, these houses are surrounded by a courtyard. Rooms are arranged around a sofa in the house, which are generally made of stone and timber (Figure 3.2.1). The excessive rainfall was taken into consideration during the design phase of the roofs. Climatic properties of Safranbolu are shown in Table Another important characteristic of these houses is that they can respond to the environment, as they do not block the view of each other. The courtyard surrounding each house is separated from the street by means of a stone wall (Figure 3.2.2). There is a hayat next to the entrance of the house, which is called as taslik (stony place) where the floor is cladded with round pebbles. There is also a stable, a furnace and a granary on the ground floor. The second floor is usually lower in height than the other floors. As it is easier to keep this floor warm, daily activities are shifted to the second floor during winters. 342
6 Figure A Traditional house in Safranbolu Source: Traditional Houses in Kayseri Figure A Traditional house in Safranbolu Source: In Kayseri, it is hot and dry in summers, whereas cold and snowy in winters. This semi-arid climate is dominant in Central Anatolia. Traditional dwellings in Kayseri, being formed by square and rectangular spaces, are generally asymmetric structures surrounding a garden or a courtyard (Figure ). In general, houses are two storied: second floors were used mostly in springs and summers, however ground floors are used in winters. 343
7 Figure View from a courtyard in Kayseri Figure3.3.2 A traditional house in Kayseri Source: Imamoglu (1992) Roofs are flat and the edges of doors and windows have sharp borders. Rooms were planned around an open space in the house. Except for cold days in winter, many of the family activities were carried out in the courtyard towards which, the rooms are oriented. Service spaces, having no windows onto the streets are entered through the courtyard. There is always a paved area, a planted section, a well and sometimes a pool in the courtyard to provide microclimate balance for the house. The sofa, which is a dominant space within the house, opens to the courtyard with a door. Dimensions of the sofa are about 7-8 m. in length, 4-5 m in width and 5-7 m in height. Semi-open living units called kiosks, which could be in different forms and arrangements, are also integral parts of these houses. In the early examples kiosks were separate structures at the ground level adjacent to the house. These houses are generally built with stone and timber. Walls, arches, piers and barrel vaults are mostly made of cut stone, which is a lightweight tuff. The basement and the composite stonewalls of these houses are around cm. in thickness, however, upper floor cut stone walls are around cm thick Comparison of the Three Cases in Terms of Climatic Effects The three cases are examined in terms of climatic affects on them. It is observed that in arid and semi-arid zones, traditional houses consist of open and semi-open spaces in order to cope with the climate. Although the houses in Kayseri and Urfa show similarities in terms of materials and building form, there are differences in plan layouts. Houses in both cities are constructed surrounding a courtyard with flat roofs. However, in traditional Urfa houses there are much more open spaces than that of Kayseri due to the hot dry summers in Urfa. On the other hand, as climatic conditions of Safranbolu are quite different than the other two cases, formation of traditional houses in this city show considerably differences. General plan types of the houses in the three cases are shown below (Figure ). Table consists of maximum average temperature degrees of the hottest months, maximum average temperature degrees of the coldest months, the yearly average humidity and the monthly average of precipitation in these three cities. These values justify the presence of more open spaces in Urfa houses than the traditional houses in the other two cities. While minimum average temperatures of the coldest months in Kayseri and Safranbolu are below 0 o C, this value is above 0 o C in Urfa. According to this table the highest average of precipitation is seen in Safranbolu. This makes timber, which is a commonly used building material in this area, easily available. On the other hand, due to its high thermal capacity and abundance, stone is extensively used in Kayseri and Urfa. In addition, there are differences in 344
8 spatial requirements of the traditional houses in the three climatic regions. Eyvan, which is a semi-open space, is the principal unit of Urfa houses, whereas sofa is a dominant element in Safranbolu houses. Table Climatic Values of the Cases (Gunay, 2004 and Markus, 1980) Cities The hottest months (July-August) (Max. average C) The coldest months (January- February-March) (min. average C) Humidity (The yearly average) (%) The monthly average of precipitation (mm) Kayseri Safranbolu Urfa Figure Plan type of Urfa Houses (Oren,1996) 345
9 Figure Plan type of Safranbolu Houses (Gunay, 1998) Figure Plan type of Kayseri Houses (Imamoglu, 1992) 5. CONCLUSIONS Traditional Turkish Houses in Turkey were produced under the influence of the regional characteristics of Western-Northern-Southern and Central Anatolia and Marmara region that have significant seasonal differences due to variation in local topographies. Climatic conditions of these regions are dominant factors on the formation of traditional houses. Solutions that were produced in order to cope with climate can be guidelines for housing in different regions even today. In this study three house types from different climatic zones -Kayseri, Urfa, Safranboluwere investigated. It is observed that there are significant differences in plan types of these houses. Traditional houses in Kayseri and Urfa consist of open and semi-open spaces in order to deal with the climate. However, Safranbolu houses made up of much more open spaces. In addition due to high average of precipitation timber is a commonly used building material in 346
10 Safranbolu whereas, stone is extensively used in Kayseri and Urfa. Differences are also seen in spatial requirements of these houses. Eyvan, is the principal unit of Urfa houses, while sofa is a dominant element in Safranbolu houses. 6. REFERENCES Ceylan, F., 1983, Evaluation of Post-Earthquake Long Term Housing Activities in the Rural Areas of Turkey- With a Case Study From Gediz, Unpublished master s thesis, METU, Ankara, Gunay, R., 1998, Tradition of the Turkish House and Safranbolu Houses, Istanbul: Guzel Sanatlar Matbaaasi A.S., Gunay, R., 2004, Safranbolu Evleri, Istanbul: Yapi Yayin, Imamoglu, V., 1992, Geleneksel Kayseri Evleri-Traditional Dwellings in Kayseri, Ankara: Laga Basim-Yayin, Markus, T.A., 1980, Building, Climate, and Energy, London; Marshfield, Mass.: Pitman Pub., Oliver, P., 2003, Dwellings The Vernacular House World Wide, London: Phaidon Press Limited, Onat, A. T., 1992, An Investigation of Vernacular Architecture and a Proposal for a New Neighborhood Unit in Gaziantep, Unpublished master s thesis, METU, Ankara, Oren, S., 1996, Traditional Urfa Dwellings: An Investigation of Part of The Old Town Center, Unpublished Master Thesis, METU, Ankara, Tosun, V., 1983, Environmental Forces that Influence Form in Vernacular Architecture A CaseStudy in the Eastern Black Sea Region, Unpublished master s thesis, METU, Ankara, Turkish Standard TS 825, 1998, Thermal Insulation in Buildings, Turkish Standards Institute, Ankara,
Sustainability Concept in Architecture via Traditional Dwelling Fabric
ISBN 978-93-86878-07-6 8th International Conference on Urban Planning, Architecture, Civil and Environment Engineering (UPACEE-17) Dubai (UAE) Dec. 21-22, 2017 Sustainability Concept in Architecture via
More informationENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGY FOR ROW HOUSE- CAPE TOWN
ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGY FOR ROW HOUSE- CAPE TOWN ENVIRONMENT AND SERVICES LOUISE MALAN TUTORIAL 2.2 CONTENTS CLIMATE ANALYSIS 1 PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGY 2 SITE ANALYSIS 3 SOLAR ANALYSIS AND STRAYEGY 8 SHADOW
More informationREDISCOVERING THE PRINCIPLES OF ECO-CITY AS SPATIAL ATTRIBUTES IN TRADITIONAL HOUSING SETTLEMENT: THE CASE OF URFA IN SOUTHEASTERN ANATOLIA
65 REDISCOVERING THE PRINCIPLES OF ECO-CITY AS SPATIAL ATTRIBUTES IN TRADITIONAL HOUSING SETTLEMENT: THE CASE OF URFA IN SOUTHEASTERN ANATOLIA Cemal Inceruh and Oktan Nalbantoglu Abstract Urban spaces
More informationChapter 4: Jordan Road Character District
4: Jordan Road Character District 4.1 Introduction The Jordan Road character district encompasses much of the former Jordan orchard and farmstead, which was a significant part of Sedona s history. The
More informationThe Effects of Climatic Factors on Urban Context and Vernacular Architecture of Cold and Temperate Regions of Iran
The Effects of Climatic Factors on Urban Context and Vernacular Architecture of Cold and Temperate Regions of Iran Amir Ghahramanpouri, Sepideh Sedaghat Nia Department of Urban Design, Faculty Built Environment,
More informationMorgan s Subdivision Historic District Character-defining Features
Morgan s Subdivision Historic District Character-defining Features DISTRICT DESCRIPTION This small addition, designed as a neighborhood for those wishing to move east from Capitol Hill, was predominantly
More informationclimate BOOK MANUAL OF TROPICAL HOUSING AND BUILDING TOPIC 7.1 Shelter for hot-dry climate 7.2 Shelter for warm-humid climates
climate BOOK MANUAL OF TROPICAL HOUSING AND BUILDING TOPIC 7.1 Shelter for hot-dry climate 7.2 Shelter for warm-humid climates Nature of the climate HOT - DRY CLIMATES HOT DRY AND SEMI DESERT CLIMATES
More informationA GENERATIVE MODEL FOR ANATOLIAN MEDRESES BY ANALYZING OF PRECEDENT
A GENERATIVE MODEL FOR ANATOLIAN MEDRESES BY ANALYZING OF PRECEDENT Research Assist. Esra GURBUZ Computational Architectural Design Master Program, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey e-mail:
More informationHow Sensitive We Build to Climate? Design for Comfortable Urban Environment
How Sensitive We Build to Climate? Design for Comfortable Urban Environment 1. Introduction Comfortable urban environment closely relates with the sensitivity of the design of the built environment to
More informationChapter 5: Mixed Use Neighborhood Character District
5: Mixed Use Neighborhood Character District 5.1 Introduction The Mixed Use Neighborhood character district acts as a transition or bridge between the State Route 89A District s commercial area to the
More informationPhD Candidate, Université Paris-Est (France) and Institut d Urbanisme de l ALBA - Univerité de Balamand (Lebanon) 2
Noushig Kaloustian 1, Youssef Diab 2, Benjamin Bechtel 3, Jürgen Ossenbrügge 3 1 PhD Candidate, Université Paris-Est (France) and Institut d Urbanisme de l ALBA - Univerité de Balamand (Lebanon) 2 Professor,
More informationLonglands Window to Stellenbosch Winelands Architectural Design Guidelines
Longlands Window to Stellenbosch Winelands Architectural Design Guidelines 1.0 Introduction to guidelines The guidelines are intended to provide a framework for the design of the individual houses in Longlands.
More informationInfill Residential Design Guidelines
Infill Residential Design Guidelines Adopted March 23, 2004 Amended September 10, 2013 City of Orange Community Development Department Planning Division Phone: (714) 744-7220 Fax: (714) 744-7222 www.cityoforange.org
More informationNature and design in traditional Persian architecture
Nature and design in traditional Persian architecture M,R. Pourjafar, A,A. Taghvaee & M. Salahi Department of Art and Architecture Tarbiat Modares University Tehran, Iran. Abstract Persian architecture
More informationDesign Guidelines - 1 -
Design Guidelines REAR YARDS Rear yard decks and porches, attached to a garden or garage suite, should be permitted provided minimum rear yard setbacks, separation distances, and necessary site access
More informationFRUITVALE TRANSIT VILLAGE (Phase 2) Residential Project
FRUITVALE TRANSIT VILLAGE (Phase 2) Residential Project DEVELOPER: SIGNATURE PROPERTIES ARCHITECT: HKIT ARCHITECTS April 23, 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS 3 Vision 4 Description of Site 5 Guiding Concepts 6
More informationCOOL BUILT FORMS The Design/Planning Dilemma of Courtyards
COOL BUILT FORMS The Design/Planning Dilemma of Courtyards Caroline Lobo Ph.D. Program in Environmental Design and Planning Arizona State University Tempe, AZ 85287-1905 USA INTRODUCTION History has shown
More informationWest Slope Neighborhood Design Guidelines. Kick-off Meeting February 5, 2015 Titlow Lodge 6:00 8:00 pm
West Slope Neighborhood Design Guidelines Kick-off Meeting February 5, 2015 Titlow Lodge 6:00 8:00 pm West Slope Neighborhood Design Guidelines Purpose of Meeting and Ground rules Proposal Overview Proposal:
More informationThe Effect of Environmental Sustainability in the Architecture of Persian Garden s Pavilion
1 The Effect of Environmental Sustainability in the Architecture of Persian Garden s Pavilion Honey Fadaie 1, Ph.D candidate of Architecture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran,
More informationCHAPTER 13 DESIGN GUIDELINES
CHAPTER 13 DESIGN GUIDELINES Section 1300.00 Section 1300.01 Design Guidelines Purpose The purposes of this section are to: A. The purpose of this Section is to establish procedures and standards to serve
More informationPark Gate. Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Park Gate Dubai, United Arab Emirates Park Gate Dubai, United Arab Emirates Park Gate is a 5,000,000 square-foot mixed-use development, including offices, retail and a hotel that creates a visual portal
More informationConnect North and South Korean Separated Families Higher Comfort Lower Energy
Transsolar Academy 2016-2017 Final Project Summary Connect North and South Korean Separated Families Higher Comfort Lower Energy SUIN KIM 1, ELMIRA REISI 2 1 Transsolar Academy, Transsolar Energietechnik
More informationResidential Cluster, Ahmedabad: Housing based on the traditional Pols
Residential Cluster, Ahmedabad: Housing based on the traditional Pols KANIKA AGARWAL 1 1 M. Arch. Sustainable Environmental Design (E+E) Architectural Association School of Architecture, London, United
More informationII. SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL
II. SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL Castle Rock is made up of numerous individually built houses and subdivision tracts that have been developed during the past century. Some of the tracts are diverse in architectural
More informationBel-Air Lexus Automobile Service Station
Bel-Air Lexus Automobile Service Station Design Brief 443-447 McArthur Avenue Ottawa April 30, 2015 14-1299-MCA Site Details Application: Site Plan Control Legal Description and Municipal Addresses: 443
More informationAR/IA 241 LN 231 Lecture 7: Site Planning
Faculty of Architecture and Planning Thammasat University AR/IA 241 LN 231 Lecture 7: Site Planning Author: Asst. Prof. Chalermwat Tantasavasdi 1. Effects of Microclimate As we all know, there are four
More informationXERISCAPE The conservation of water and energy through creative landscape.
The conservation of water and energy through creative landscape. Almost every summer North Texas has been plagued with drought like conditions. This and a growing population has increased the demand of
More informationEnvironmental effect of courtyard in sustainable architecture of Iran (Cold regions) (Case study: courtyard houses in Tabriz)
969 Environmental effect of courtyard in sustainable architecture of Iran (Cold regions) (Case study: courtyard houses in Tabriz) M. Shokouhian, F. Soflaee, F. Nikkhah Islamic Azad University, Iran ABSTRACT
More informationCHARLES CORREA S HOUSING LANGUAGE
404 Archi-Cultural Translations through the Silk Road 2 nd International Conference, Mukogawa Women s Univ., Nishinomiya, Japan, July 14-16, 2012 Proceedings CHARLES CORREA S HOUSING LANGUAGE Belinda Torus
More informationAdapting Design Principles of Traditional Courtyard Housing for Future Urban Design
Journal of Sustainable Development; Vol. 10, No. 6; 2017 ISSN 1913-9063 E-ISSN 1913-9071 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Adapting Design Principles of Traditional Courtyard Housing
More informationDraft Part 11 Heritage Area Plans West Wallsend / Holmesville
TABLE OF CONTENTS: PART 1 WEST WALLSEND / HOLMESVILLE HERITAGE AREA PLAN... 3 1.1 INTRODUCTION... 3 1.2 BACKGROUND... 3 1.3 LAND TO WHICH THIS PLAN APPLIES... 3 PART 2 WEST WALLSEND / HOLMESVILLE HERITAGE
More informationBaker Historic District
DISTRICT DESCRIPTION This is a historically middle-class neighborhood in the South Side, an area annexed by Denver in 1883, consisting of more than 20 tightly interwoven residential subdivisions. The earliest
More informationCLIMATIC FACTORS OF ARCHITECTURE USED IN BUILDING DESIGN OF ASSOCIATION OF VISUAL ARTS OF FARS SHIRAZ
CLIMATIC FACTORS OF ARCHITECTURE USED IN BUILDING DESIGN OF ASSOCIATION OF VISUAL ARTS OF FARS SHIRAZ Moslem Saman Ghooei MA Student, Department of Architecture, Islamic Azad University, International
More informationThe eco-unit settlement adapted to the vernacular culture: a case study of dwelling design in the Chaoshan area of Guangdong Province, China
265 The eco-unit settlement adapted to the vernacular culture: a case study of dwelling design in the Chaoshan area of Guangdong Province, China Y. Z. Wang1,2 & Y. T. Chen3 1 Department of Civil Engineering,
More informationSustainable and Energy Efficient Design Principles in Vernacular Architecture
Sustainable and Energy Efficient Design Principles in Vernacular Architecture Tony Marcel Nisha 1, P.Jayasudha 2 1 Research Scholar, Department of Architecture, Periyar Maniammai University, tony.nisha91@gmail.com
More informationTraditional Dwellings: An Architectural Anthropological Study from the Walled City of Lahore
Traditional Dwellings: An Architectural Anthropological Study from the Walled City of Lahore S. Gulzar Abstract Traditional dwellings were planned in response to ecological, cultural and economic factors
More informationDRAFT Northeast Quadrant of Kipling Avenue and Highway 7 DRAFT AUGUST 29, Goals Land Use. The goals of this Plan are to:
AUGUST 29, 2017 12.15 Northeast Quadrant of Kipling Avenue and Highway 7 12.15.1 Goals 12.15.2 Land Use The goals of this Plan are to: 12.15.2.1 General Provisions: a) Ensure the development of a compact
More informationand is covered by a long north roof to shield it from the cold winter winds. In the Great Plains, sod substituted for wood, and subterranean shelters
"Will passive solar heating and cooling work where I live?" Simply put, the answer is "Yes!" After all, the sun shines everywhere. However, the question is not "whether" it will work, but rather, "how."
More informationChapter 8: BEACH SOUTH OF ATLANTIC AVENUE NEIGHBORHOOD PLANNING AREA ANALYSIS
Chapter 8: BEACH SOUTH OF ATLANTIC AVENUE NEIGHBORHOOD PLANNING AREA ANALYSIS The Beach South of Atlantic Avenue Neighborhood Planning Area includes the parcels adjacent to S Fletcher Avenue from Atlantic
More informationA FRAMEWORK FOR EVALUATION AND ASSESSMENT OF PROTO-MODERN BRIDGES
Istanbul Bridge Conference August 11-13, 2014 Istanbul, Turkey A FRAMEWORK FOR EVALUATION AND ASSESSMENT OF PROTO-MODERN BRIDGES A. Berk 1 and H. T. Örmecioğlu 2 ABSTRACT Architectural edifices have been
More informationSCHEDULE 12 TO THE DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OVERLAY GLEN WAVERLEY ACTIVITY CENTRE STRUCTURE PLAN
DD/MM/YY Proposed C120 SCHEDULE 12 TO THE DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OVERLAY Shown on the planning scheme map as DDO12. GLEN WAVERLEY ACTIVITY CENTRE STRUCTURE PLAN 1.0 Design objectives DD/MM/YY Proposed
More informationURBAN DESIGN BRIEF 181 Burloak Drive, Oakville
URBAN DESIGN BRIEF 181 Burloak Drive, Oakville February 2017 Our File: 1730B 230-7050 WESTON ROAD / WOODBRIDGE / ONTARIO / L4L 8G7 / T: 905 761 5588/ F: 905 761 5589/WWW.MHBCPLAN.COM TABLE OF CONTENTS
More informationDistribution systems in apartment buildings
Article Distribution systems in apartment buildings Halldor Kristjansson, Danfoss A/S www.danfoss.com Halldor Kristjansson, Danfoss A/S Published at the 11th International Symposium on District Heating
More informationProposed for Vic West Neighbourhood Plan. Design Guidelines for Intensive Residential Development - Townhouse and Attached Dwelling
Proposed for Vic West Neighbourhood Plan Design Guidelines for Intensive Residential Development - Townhouse and Attached Dwelling Design Guidelines for Intensive Residential Development - Townhouse and
More informationAPPENDIX 4. 5 ST AGNES LOCAL LANDSCAPE CHARACTER ASSESSMENT TABLE ST AGNES BEACON
APPENDIX 4. 5 ST AGNES LOCAL LANDSCAPE CHARACTER ASSESSMENT TABLE ST AGNES BEACON CHARACTER AREA: ST AGNES BEACON DATE OF ASSESSMENT May 2016 Character Attribute Landscape reference guide ST AGNES BEACON
More informationRequired total credit : 43 All graduate students must register one of RES 501, RES 502 or RES 503, RES 504 or RES 505, RES 506 or RES 509, RES 510.
İZMİR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURAL RESTORATION CURRICULUM OF THE M.S. PROGRAM IN ARCHITECTURAL RESTORATION (NON-THESIS) Fall Semester
More informationProject introduction and relevance:
Project introduction and relevance: Every city has a central area or district where, most of the social and commercial activity within the city is concentrated. Norzin Lam is in the process of becoming
More informationHistory of the Foundation Buildings and Landscapes
CORNER HOUSE 1 FOUNDATION HOUSE LONG HOUSE History of the Foundation Buildings and Landscapes The Fourth Corner Foundation s name derives from occupying one corner of the intersection of Windham Four Corners,
More informationPUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN THE REVITALIZATION OF KÜTAHYA'S CBD IN TURKEY
PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN THE REVITALIZATION OF KÜTAHYA'S CBD IN TURKEY a B.Minez, b N.Erdoğan a Berk Minez, Trakya University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Architecture, Edirne,
More informationARCHITECTURAL GUIDELINES
ARCHITECTURAL GUIDELINES 1. Introduction. The development of Raithby Vines adjacent to the village of Raithby has the overall goal of integrating the new residential units into the existing village, while
More informationSTATEMENT OF OBJECTION TO THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT OF LAND AT CHURCH CLIFF DRIVE FILEY
STATEMENT OF OBJECTION TO THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT OF LAND AT CHURCH CLIFF DRIVE FILEY You will be aware that Scarborough borough council have adopted a new local plan that includes land at Church Cliff
More informationApplication of Ecological Architecture Concept in Student Dormitory in Yogyakarta Case Study University Student Dormitory in Yogyakarta
Application of Ecological Architecture Concept in Student Dormitory in Yogyakarta Case Study University Student Dormitory in Yogyakarta Jarwa Prasetya Sih Handoko, ST, M.Sc. Abstract Ecological architecture
More informationSite Planning. 1.0 Site Context. 2.0 Pedestrian Circulation Systems. Pag e 2-23
The following photographs from throughout the country illustrate key urban design principles. Photographs are provided to illustrate the overall urban design concepts described in Chapter 1 of the Downtown
More informationACHEIVING COMFORT IN SUBTROPICAL CLIMATES: BUILDING A MICROCLIMATE IN THE GUANGZHOU SCIENCE MUSEUM
ACHEIVING COMFORT IN SUBTROPICAL CLIMATES: BUILDING A MICROCLIMATE IN THE GUANGZHOU SCIENCE MUSEUM Jeewon Paek HENN GmbH jeewon.paek@henn.com Moritz Fleischmann HENN GmbH moritz.fleischmann@edl.henn. com
More informationKEY MAP DEVELOPMENT PERMIT AREA MAP. Sunnymede North Sub-Area Plan
Richmond Official Community Plan BROADMOOR AREA SUNNYMEDE NORTH SUB-AREA PLAN Bylaw 7100 Schedule 2.6C SUNNYMEDE NORTH SUB-AREA PLAN SUNNYMEDE NORTH SUB-AREA PLAN SUNNYMEDE NORTH SUB-AREA PLAN KEY MAP
More informationC ONT EXTU A L AND BUILT FABRIC ANALY S IS 40 LION S T REET, BO KAAP MARCH
URBA IN Mc G E E A RCHITE CTU RE & DE SIGN C ONT EXTU A L AND BUILT FABRIC ANALY S IS 40 LION S T REET, BO KAAP MARCH 2 0 1 7 INTRODUCTION... 3 URBAN SCALE... 4 - Zoning Overlay... 4 - Figure Ground...
More informationPart 11 Heritage Area Plans West Wallsend / Holmesville
TABLE OF CONTENTS: PART 1 WEST WALLSEND / HOLMESVILLE HERITAGE AREA PLAN... 3 1.1 INTRODUCTION... 3 1.2 BACKGROUND... 3 1.3 LAND TO WHICH THIS PLAN APPLIES... 3 PART 2 WEST WALLSEND / HOLMESVILLE HERITAGE
More informationOthello Neighborhood Design Guidelines
Othello Neighborhood Design Guidelines 1 S ORCAS ST S OTHELLO ST 42ND AVE S 2 Note: Design Review does not apply to all zones. See Citywide Guidelines for details. Additionally, zoning areas on this map
More information14825 Fruitvale Ave.
REPORT TO THE PLANNING COMMISSION Meeting Date: August 26, 2015 Application: PDR14-0017 Location/APN: 14825 Fruitvale Ave. / 397-18-028 Applicant/Owner: Staff Planner: Sin Yong Michael Fossati 14825 Fruitvale
More informationInvestigating the Cooling Effect of Living Walls in the Sunken Courtyards of Traditional Houses in Yazd
European Journal of Sustainable Development (2016), 5, 2, 27-40 ISSN: 2239-5938 Doi: 10.14207/ejsd.2016.v5n2p27 Investigating the Cooling Effect of Living Walls in the Sunken Courtyards of Traditional
More informationAdelaide Homes Design Guide 4 - Winter warming
Adelaide Homes Design Guide 4 - Winter warming Adelaide's temperate climate means home warming is required during winter. There are many efficient heating systems. The most economical method, however,
More informationKeywords Traditional Architecture; Porch; Morphology; Ventilation; Including Homes.
International Journal of Innovative Research in Engineering & Management (IJIREM) Vernacular Architecture Examine- How Effective Traditional House Architectural Plan in Natural Ventilation Mazandaran Zohreh
More informationRe-Defining Courtyard to Re-Vitalize Urban Community
UIA 2017 Seoul World Architects Congress P- 0231 Re-Defining Courtyard to Re-Vitalize Urban Community Rahman Rabeya * 1 1 Post-graduate student, MA in Development and Emergency Practice, CENDEP, Oxford
More informationWhat Style is My House?
What Style is My House? -A Guide to Common House Styles in Decatur, GA- Contents American Small House.. p.2 Colonial Revival....p.3 Craftsman Cottage...p.4 English Vernacular Revival Cottage...p.5 American
More informationUrban Shape and Energy Performance: Evaluation of The Typical Urban Structures of Prague
Urban Shape and Energy Performance: Evaluation of The Typical Urban Structures of Prague Anna Yunitsyna, Ernest Shtepani, 1 Department of Architecture, Epoka University, Albania 2 National Planning Sector,
More informationDeveloping a Model Irrigation Dissemination Program for Homeowners
Developing a Model Irrigation Dissemination Program for Homeowners Charles Swanson, Extension Program Specialist-Landscape Irrigation Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service 2117 TAMU, College Station, Texas
More informationVisual Impact Rating Form - Instructions
Visual Impact Rating Form Instructions Project Name: Baron Winds Project EDR Project No: 13039 Date: 05.16.17 Reference: Visual Impact Rating Form - Instructions These instructions are intended to guide
More informationNelson Residential Street Frontage Guideline
DRAFT 22-06-2012 Nelson Residential Street Frontage Guideline June 2012 1317273 Contents and purpose Residential s are important Residential s are much more than corridors which move traffic. Streets allow
More informationSustainable Culture Analyses in Architectural Construction of Iranian Traditional Buildings
Sustainable Culture Analyses in Architectural Construction of Iranian Traditional Buildings 1 Sina Osivand, 2 Farshid Roudi, 3 Maryam Ghasemi, 4 Peyman Nasirzad, Department of Architecture 1, 2, 3 Eastern
More informationActivity Residential Site Planning
Activity 2.3.7 Residential Site Planning Introduction When a building is designed apart from a specific site, an opportunity is lost to match the design to the strengths and weaknesses of the site. To
More informationSection 6.0: Glencullen Design Guide
Section 6.0: Glencullen Design Guide The Planning Authority requires that the adherence to each of the above principles will be demonstrated at the Planning Application stage using appropriate visualisation
More informationUrban Design Brief December 23, 2015 Southside Construction Group Official Plan & Zoning By-Law Amendment
Urban Design Brief Proposed Official Plan & Zoning By-Law Amendment 3244, 3263 and 3274 Wonderland Road South Southside Group December 23, 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. INTRODUCTION... 1 SECTION 1 LAND
More informationLAB 8. FIGURE L8.1 A rock sculpted by wind erosion in the Altiplano region of Bolivia. FIGURE L8.2 A dust storm in Casa Grande, Arizona
Lab Handout Lab 8. Surface Erosion by Wind: Why Do Changes in Wind Speed, Wind Duration, and Soil Moisture Affect the Amount of Soil That Will Be Lost Due to Wind Erosion? Introduction Earth scientists
More informationBrine Generation Study
DOE/WIPP 00-2000 Brine Generation Study April 2000 Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Carlsbad, New Mexico Processing and final preparation of this report was performed by the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Management
More informationSite ref: AS06 Site Name or Address: Murreys Court, Agates Lane
Site ref: AS06 Site Name or Address: Murreys Court, Agates Lane Proposed Land Use: Total Site Area (Ha): Housing 1.85 Ha Description: It is understood that the owner has no plans to dispose of the site
More informationKAPSARC Competition Entry. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Riyadh, Saudi Arabia This competition entry for a research facility was designed to engage the intense climatic conditions of its desert setting. Incorporating vernacular design strategies
More information(Who owns them? What were the functions throughout their lives? Who are the
ARCH121 FINAL ASSIGNMENT ÇİSEM ATAK Q1. What is the brief story of the buildings? (100-400 words) (Who owns them? What were the functions throughout their lives? Who are the architects, what are their
More informationSection Three, Appendix 16C Medium Density Housing, Design Assessment Criteria (Residential 8A zone)
APPENDIX 16C MEDIUM DENSITY HOUSING, DESIGN ASSESSMENT CRITERIA (RESIDENTIAL 8A ZONE) PURPOSE OF APPENDIX 16C (RESIDENTIAL 8A ZONE) In the Residential 8A Zone the following are defined as restricted discretionary
More informationGROUND COOLING OF VENTILATION AIR FOR ENERGY EFFICIENT HOUSE IN MALAYSIA: A CASE STUDY OF THE COOLTEK HOUSE
Conference on Sustainable Building South East Asia, -7 November 27, Malaysia GROUND COOLING OF VENTILATION AIR FOR ENERGY EFFICIENT HOUSE IN MALAYSIA: A CASE STUDY OF THE COOLTEK HOUSE G. REIMANN IEN Consultants,
More informationEnergy and sustainable development in traditional architectural concepts of rural settlements West of Iran ( case Uraman Village Bed )
International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences 2013 Available online at www.irjabs.com ISSN 2251-838X / Vol, 7 (6): 362-366 Science Explorer Publications Energy and sustainable development
More informationLahore, Pakistan Climate Gabrielle Rashleigh Marissa Sayers
Climate Zone: 1B--Very Hot and Dry -Strongest Winds to the West -Highest Temperatures 110ºF -Lowest Temperatures 50ºF Passive Design Strategies: -Sun Shading of Windows -High Thermal Mass -High Thermal
More informationB L A C K D I A M O N D D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S for Multi-family Development
B L A C K D I A M O N D D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S for Multi-family Development Adopted June 18, 2009 This section of the Design and focuses on site planning and design guidance for new multi-family
More informationA PATTERN LANGUAGE (Christopher Alexander) List of Patterns 1. INDEPENDENT REGIONS 2. THE DISTRIBUTION OF TOWNS 3. CITY COUNTRY FINGERS
A PATTERN LANGUAGE (Christopher Alexander) List of Patterns 1. INDEPENDENT REGIONS 2. THE DISTRIBUTION OF TOWNS 3. CITY COUNTRY FINGERS 4. AGRICULTURAL VALLEYS 5. LACE OF COUNTRY STREETS 6. COUNTRY TOWNS
More informationOn the Influence of Shade in Improving Thermal Comfort in Courtyards
Proceedings On the Influence of Shade in Improving Thermal Comfort in Courtyards Carmen Galán-Marín *, Victoria Patricia López-Cabeza, Carlos Rivera-Gómez and Juan Manuel Rojas-Fernández Departamento de
More informationPart 9 Specific Land Uses - Housing on Small and Narrow Lots
19 HOUSING ON SMALL AND NARROW LOTS This section of the DCP applies where development for the purpose of a dwelling house, attached dwellings, or semi-detached dwellings is or are proposed in the R2 Low
More information4.3 Dudley Area Plan. Introduction. History and Existing Character. Desired Future Character for Dudley
4.3 Dudley Area Plan Introduction The suburb of Dudley has developed as a result of various circumstances including its topography, history and mineral resources. Dudley development has been identified
More informationCONTENTS 8.0 LAND USE 8.1 GENERAL LAND USE 8.2 RESIDENTIAL 8.3 MIXED USE 8.4 COMMERCIAL 8.5 EMPLOYMENT LANDS
8-2 Land Use 8.0 LAND USE CONTENTS 8.1 GENERAL LAND USE 8.1.1 Uses provided for in all Land Use Designations 8.1.2 Uses prohibited in Hazardous Lands, Hazardous Sites and Special Policy Areas 8.1.3 Uses
More informationCLASSIFICATION AND EXPERIMENTATION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF DAYLIGHTING SYSTEMS IN COLD AND SNOWY REGIONS
CLASSIFICATION AND EXPERIMENTATION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF DAYLIGHTING SYSTEMS IN COLD AND SNOWY REGIONS Masaya Saito*, Satoshi Nasu*, Moto Nakano** and Kouko Miyakawa*** *Sapporo School of The Arts Geijustu-no-mori
More informationRE-INVENTED ENCLAVE. restaurants reducing travel and making the enclaves
RE-INVENTED ENCLAVE 1 This project takes as its inspiration the many enclaves of walk-up slab buildings that blanket Jinan and much of China. As we learned from our study of Dong-Cang and other enclaves
More informationEXCELSIOR SINHGAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, PUNE PAPER PRESENTATION
EXCELSIOR SINHGAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, PUNE PAPER PRESENTATION ON SOLAR CHIMNEY BY MALAV R. MEHTA ANUJ K. SADANI (3 RD YEAR CMPS) (3 RD YEAR IT) GCOE AMRAVATI GCOE AMRAVATI E-MAIL:malav123_mehta@rediffmail.com
More information1-ICAUD. The Integration of new urban development in cultural landscapes of historical value The Mahalas Nerma Harbinja
1-ICAUD The Integration of new urban development in cultural landscapes of historical value The Mahalas Nerma Harbinja Senior Assistant Nerma Harbinja Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, International
More informationNotes from Buenos Aires
Arch. &Comport. /Arch. & Behav., Vol. 10, no 1, p. 123-127 123 Notes from Buenos Aires Martin Evans & Silvia de Schiller Facultad de Arquitectura, Diseno y Urbanismo Universidad de Buenos Aires C. C. 1765,
More informationIndoor Climate Control Effect of AAC Panel Heat Capacity Experimental rooms and simulations with three structural materials
Indoor Climate Control Effect of AAC Panel Heat Capacity Experimental rooms and simulations with three structural materials YUKO TSUKIYAMA 1, NOBUYUKI SUNAGA 2, AKIKO SUZUKI 2, TAMAKI FUKAZAWA 2, YOSUKE
More informationMOMENTUM. Design Brief. Site Plan Control and Minor Variance Applications. 59 Russell Avenue
MOMENTUM PLANNING AND COMMUNICATIONS Design Brief Site Plan Control and Minor Variance Applications 59 Russell Avenue December 2014 Revised February 2015 Prepared by: Dennis Jacobs MCIP, RPP Index 1. Introduction
More informationUrban Challenges and Urban Design Approaches for Resource-Efficient and Climate-Sensitive Urban Design in the MENA Region
Young Cities Research Paper Series, Volume 05 05 Urban Challenges and Urban Design Approaches for Resource-Efficient and Climate-Sensitive Urban Design in the MENA Region Elke Pahl-Weber, Sebastian Seelig,
More informationWide asphalt driveway abutting school property. garage built with incompatible materials, too close to park. incompatible fencing materials
Wide asphalt driveway abutting school property incompatible fencing materials garage built with incompatible materials, too close to park Lack of plantings as a buffer between private property and open
More informationDACORUM GOLDEN PARSONAGE Great Gaddesden Brief Description Principal Building: Approach: Stable block other utilitarian buildings: Walled Garden:
HERTFORDSHIRE GARDENS TRUST LOCAL LIST: DACORUM Present Name of Site GOLDEN PARSONAGE Historic Name (if known) Parish/Town Great Gaddesden National Grid Reference of Principal Building: TL051 125 Present
More informationREZONING APPLICATION MPD SUPPLEMENT
REZONING APPLICATION MPD SUPPLEMENT For Staff Use Only: DATE/TIMESTAMP: ZA# RECEIVED BY: The intent of the Master Planned District (MPD) designation is to allow flexibility in the design and construction
More informationTazewell Pike. Neighborhood Conservation Overlay District Design Guidelines
Tazewell Pike Neighborhood Conservation Overlay District Design Guidelines Knoxville Knox County Metropolitan Planning Commission November 2, 2000 These design guidelines were: Adopted by the Knoxville
More informationAvymom Houses / AQUA JUNIOR Dossier 1
Avymom Houses / AQUA JUNIOR Dossier 1 Developer: AVYMOM HOUSES, S.L. www.avymom.com Sales: AVYMOM HOUSES, S.L. T. +34 925 82 41 02 M. +34 607 66 47 22 avymom@avymom.com Sales Marbella: MARBELLA PLATINUM
More information