Design Considerations for Open Channel and Detention Pond Design. Howard Redfearn, City of Mansfield
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1 Design Considerations for Open Channel and Detention Pond Design Howard Redfearn, City of Mansfield
2 Previous Experience/Criteria/Maintenance Issues New Criteria Discussion Overview
3 Where is Mansfield?
4 Currently about 60,000 Only around 50,000 when I started 5 years ago About 30, years ago Fairly diverse population Covers 3 Counties 2 major TxDOT highways More than just a bedroom community Demographics
5 Open Channels
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11 One of the developers backs up to this channel Significant slope failures Loose soils No armoring on side that needed it Drainage easement all on one property owner No gates in fences to allow for maintenance and how were they supposed to get to the other side anyway?? In compliance with drainage criteria of the time No consideration of water quality impacts
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13 Evaluated underground box vs. gabion walls Underground box essentially same price Even though underground box selected, do receive some benefit Decent infiltration with vegetative cover Better temperature control Reduced algae formation Definitely easier to maintain Maintenance will fall to City
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18 Leaving maintenance to homeowners leads to loss of capacity My experience every time Same homeowners not maintaining complain about mosquitoes, fences falling over, smells, etc Original design a capacity good until upstream developed into high school
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20 One of first tasks when I took over drainage maintenance stop spraying everything Streets supervisor used to oversee drainage maintenance Can t see the pervious pavers in the channel bottom any more Was not designed with water quality benefit in mind just as most cost effective solution Provides habitat Slows velocities Controls temperatures
21 Same song different verse
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26 Stabilization project designed to reduced sediment load downstream Called for millet, rye and bermuda on slopes Vegetation looked great until scalped by City s contract mower Now a weedy mess Still better than original state Stable
27 Not all old channels are bad
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30 Access still an issue Maintenance still an issue Channel cutting still occurring
31 Intentional Design
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36 Improved existing natural drainage Preserved more open space than in previous areas Intent of design was to reduce maintenance, provide space for migration, and prevent flooding not water quality Design intent was for the channels to return to a natural state over time
37 Still have issues Residents don t understand why can t build fences in drainage easements Erosion controls not effective and sedimentation occurs Did not spec out vegetation Cattails, black willow, rag weed, other nuisance veg Will event evolve into intended channel Residents don t like the wildlife Use of concrete, rip rap, gabions and open vegetation strategic
38 Ponds
39 Designed as water hazard in golf course Opportunity for water quality Eye sore, odor nuisance, fish killer Currently working with course to improve water quality in pond Planting native aquatic plants Water lilies, soft stem bulrush, American water willow Also providing shade» Bald cypress, River Birch
40 Beaver
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43 Originally designed as dry pond Infall elevation lower than outfall So developer thought it would best to use as a wet pond Didn t want side slopes to be 4:1, so he built a wall Didn t line it until pond started leaking Pump for 1 original aeration fountain constantly plugged HOA spent $18,000 to get in this condition
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50 Houses too close Fences too close Slopes too steep Improper slope prep Drainage easements in back yards behind fences 1 foot deep grassed swale Channels migrate Nuisances weeds, mosquitoes, weeds Contributing areas not caught Typical Problems
51 iswm, uswm, They Swim, We All SWIM!! First true adoption of iswm in region was by City of Fort Worth Followed their example with local criteria Changed some criteria related to calculations and such, but no drastic departures Open channel brand new for our region Pond design took essential portions of water quality pond design and applied to flood control ponds Have not adopted water quality portion of iswm Mansfield s take on regional iswm
52 iswm Integrated Stormwater Management NCTCOG developed iswm manual to replace individual drainage criteria manuals Includes water measures Supposed to focus developers on stormwater considerations earlier in process Attempts to preserve existing drainage ways Standardizes drainage criteria Culvert calculations, Manning s n s, design storms, etc So What is iswm????
53 Total document 853 pages Now converted to web based individual manuals Local Criteria Section to be developed by local communities with additional requirements, specific deviations Mansfield s Local Criteria 38 pages only 33 really matter First Chapter planning and design considerations
54 Identifies which models can be used under which circumstances No more ration method to determine detention pond size Rain data Hydrologic Analysis
55 Specifies which storms carried in what areas Roadway types Inlet calculations No existing inlet for parabolic crown streets Local Criteria Section Only Specify items not included in other portion of existing manual» Minimum pipe sizes, which inlets must have depressed openings, flows in streets and intersections Hydraulic Design of Streets/Closed Systems
56 Max 4:1 side slopes Min bottom width 8 Not accepted by City until stabilized Use appropriate plant material in bottom and slopes Ramp requirements for channel sections requiring vehicle access Hydraulic Design of Open Channels and Detention Ponds
57 Improved Channels Must be composite Low flow» greater than 300 acre drainage area» Design capacity minimum 2% of 100 year storm» Max depth 5» Min width 8» Lined with riprap, gabions or pervious pavers if velocities exceed 5 fps» Recommend establish meanders Trickle Flow» Less than 300 acre drainage area» Design capacity minimum 2% of 100 year storm» Permeable armor gabions, mat, interlocking blocks» Max depth 5
58 Erosion control setback 4:1 from toe of slope to natural ground adjacent to bank plus 15 Include adjacent delineated wetlands or critical habitat Other widths considered if supported by proper engineering/environmental studies Landscaping shall be installed to allow earthen channels to evolve into a more natural environment. Tree and shrub planting will be required to enhance habitat of channels by providing shade once mature plant growth has been reached. Mature plantings must be considered in setting design Manning s n values
59 Lined channels discouraged City engineer may require geotech study, or underground option analysis submittal before considering open concrete channel
60 Required when downstream conveyance insufficient Cannot exceed downstream flows unless additional capacity available Modified rational accepted for drainage area <200 acres for preliminary sizing only hydrograph method must be used for final sizing modified rational may be used for DA s <25 acres Evaluate 2,10,25,100 year critical (3,6,24 hour) storm with greatest flow Dry Basins
61 10 crown width on any embankment for tracked vehicle access Earthen embankment max slope 4:1 other structural slopes as reviewed by City Engineer Calculation summary presented with plans Emergency spillway required to ultimate developed conditions Design calcs for spillways All ponds stabilized and with maintenance plans
62 Developer must check that structure does not need dam permit All impoundments must check with TCEQ for Water Rights Permit
63 In addition to dry basin requirements 7-10 minimum depth Appropriately aerated for size Provisions to ensure normal water surface elevations maintained City water or well, unless 12 acres to every acre foot Minimum 10 access width around entire pond with max 6:1 slopes Debris filter required for all outlets Wet Ponds
64 Design for sedimentation for minimum 5 years To minimize short circuiting outlet and inlet should be at opposite ends or baffled Artificial or clay liner to prevent loss through infiltration Can be waived if supported by geotech report Reference iswm wet pond design standard for additional quidance Safety bench, aquatic bench, etc
65 Exactly 1 3/4 projects since adopted
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72 Questions???
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