Water use daily basis

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Kristin Evans
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2 Water use daily basis North America and worldwide United States: 152 gals of water per person per day (2002) Mozambique: 4 gals of water per person per day (2002) 2025 :1800 million people in absolute water scarcity 2025: 2/3rds of world population very limited water resources

3 UNITED STATES M3 = CUBIC METERS

4 PASSIVE RW HARVESTING ACTIVE RW HARVESTING

- No mechanical methods of collecting, cleaning, or storing rainwater - Intent of PWH: create catchment areas for natural absorption into soil - Passive

5 - No mechanical methods of collecting, cleaning, or storing rainwater - Intent of PWH: create catchment areas for natural absorption into soil - Passive systems include: vegetative swales dry creek beds pervious concrete or pavers Passive systems relatively inexpensive Generally simple to design and build

6 Systems actively collect, filter, store & reuse rw Components such as pumps need power; electric, solar, other Can be more expensive to set up and maintain Allows for more options distributing rainwater

7 Cost can be issue in new vs retroactive installation Active systems more complex but have ability to store large amounts of rw Active systems more mobile rw can be directed or moved Passive systems easier to incorporate in new or existing landscapes Rainwater Harvesting for Drylands and Beyond, Vol. 1 resource for passive system Commercial crop growing needs active catchment due to timing and placement of water Residential systems can rely more heavily on passive systems or water catchment

8 RAIN WATER HARVESTING RAIN WATER SAUCER

Position rain barrel to collect most runoff Use of rain chains helps funnel runoff from roof Where 2 sections of roof meet = single catchment line Directs rainwater

10 Position rain barrel to collect most runoff Use of rain chains helps funnel runoff from roof Where 2 sections of roof meet = single catchment line Directs rainwater into one stream Diverters = sections installed above doorways or flower beds that protect against rainfall Diverters not gutters ~ redirect runoff into collection devices

11 - Material less important than contaminants - Asphalt shingles OK - Metal roof recommended shed contaminants - Avoid wood shingles or metal flashing containing lead

12 - Effects speed of runoff during rain event - Steep roof sheds quicker - Cleans contamination from roof more quickly - Flatter roof means water moves slower - Potential for contamination to run get into rw collecter

14 - Size of catchment area determines gallons of rainwater harvested - Footprint of roof = area of building + roof overhang

16 Sallie Lee, Urban Regional Extension Agent (205) Some photos from NCSU Water Quality presentation

17 Diverting rain water that otherwise would run off or soak in the ground into a storage device for later use in the landscape or other non-potable water needs.

18 Whether you have a large tank or a small barrel the simplest way to connect is directly into the gutter downspout by diverting the downspout into the tank (here a straining device is being used to keep out debris). many types of systems from big to small

19 Installation Considerations Size Drainage area, demand Cistern Style Wood Wrap, Metal, Plastic Location Gutters, water use, aesthetics, home owners assoc. rules, etc Site Preparation Will digging be required Cistern Placement Above or below ground, etc

size correctly Notice the overflow diversion to an

20 Santa Fe, NM, Children s Muse Commercial applications work exactly the same but require more engineering to size correctly Notice the overflow diversion to an underground perforated pipe. It could also be diverted to a Rain Garden

You may compute the surface area to get an approximation of how much water to expect with a given rain fall. A one inch rain will provide about.62 gallons of water per one square feet.

21 You may compute the surface area to get an approximation of how much water to expect with a given rain fall. A one inch rain will provide about.62 gallons of water per one square feet. Drainage Area Therefore, a small area 10 x 10 or 100 sq/ft would provide 62 gallons in a one inch rain event. An average house would have sq/ft and could capture 930 to 1550 in a one inch rain event. Cistern

23 The closer the tank is to the gutter the easier and less expensive the hook up will be.

24 Plumbing 101: Dry-fit the pieces BEFORE you glue!

25 This tank has a built in removable screen

26 300 gallon cistern from previous slide Captures a 1.0 rain off this side of the roof Tank - $280 - $400 Downspout Filter - $ 80 1 st Flush Diverter - $80 Fittings + Pipe $40 Concrete Pad + Blocks - $40 TOTAL - $520 - $640 Small submersible pump not included.

27 OPTION OPTION.

MAKE SURE STRUCTURE IS SOUND MANY OPTIONS FOR MULTIPLES It depends on your roof capacity Remember: a small area 10 x 10 or 100 sq/ft would provide 62 gallons in

28 MAKE SURE STRUCTURE IS SOUND MANY OPTIONS FOR MULTIPLES It depends on your roof capacity Remember: a small area 10 x 10 or 100 sq/ft would provide 62 gallons in a one inch rain event. Therefore one side of a 40 x 50 roof would be 1000 sq/ft and would provide 620 gallons in a one inch rain event (all 10 barrels would fill)

29 NOT NECESSARY BUT. Off the ground for ease of use and better gravity flow Faucet position a few inches high to allow trash to settle

30 What size should the overflow be? How do I get the water where I need it if my garden is uphill? Is it visible or hidden (how does it look)? What was in the barrel? Will algae growth be an issue? Beware of danger! Requires some maintenance! Can I use this water on edible crops safely?

31 Small Submersible Pumps can do a nice job but the top must be easily removed to take the pump in and out. Getting water where you want it when gravity won t do the job.

32 Algae growth is dependent on photosynthesis. Clear or translucent (white) barrels will have algae growth if water is not used frequently. You could paint it with a plastic coat type paint product (Also, you can get submersible bacterial packets sold in pond supply stores. Algae Growth Concerns

33 Open containers present a In addition it presents an excellent mosquito breeding area drowning hazard

34 ADD-A-BARREL AQUABARREL 60 GALS

35 MOSQUITO DUNKS ATTACHING TO GUTTER

36 AQUABARREL ANIMALS LIKE THEM, TOO

37 Everything needs a little care Clean both the top and the inside to remove trash. Just like your gutters they will stop up.

38 Yes, but only in the same way that other nonpotable water is used in the ground only. Avoid using overhead irrigation don t wet the foliage or fruit (Drip Irrigation is great) This prevents contamination of edible above the ground plant parts that are hard to clean, especially leafy greens. The vegetable may not be safe unless thoroughly washed using potable (drinking) water.

NEED TO INCLUDE COMPLETED BARREL Screened inlet for mosquito and trash exclusion Overflow hole approximately the same size as the inlet gutter Faucet a

39 NEED TO INCLUDE COMPLETED BARREL Screened inlet for mosquito and trash exclusion Overflow hole approximately the same size as the inlet gutter Faucet a few inches off the bottom to exclude trash and allow for gravity flow On a secure level base for safety and better water flow and access Food grade container

Faucet hole drilled with a 15/16 drill bit Once the whole is drilled I used a pipe thread making tool (tap - fairly expensive for one time use) to make ¾

40 Faucet hole drilled with a 15/16 drill bit Once the whole is drilled I used a pipe thread making tool (tap - fairly expensive for one time use) to make ¾ threads to fit the faucet that I used. I tried doing this without the threader and it had a slow leak but you might get by with washers on both sides of the faucet.

41 Make someone young and flexible do this part. We used a PVC - T with threads on one side to tighten the faucet to the barrel with a rubber washer placed over the threads of the faucet and the T tightened to snug Inside view of T

potential nutrient and chemical runoff Adds a new

44 Rain garden advantages: Keeps the water on the property and out of the storm water system Captures potential nutrient and chemical runoff Adds a new landscape feature This is an interesting topic for another day

46 Reduce water use by 40 gals per day per person This is a state by state pledge Why conserve water? Why should I pledge to save water? What if I m already using these methods?

Renewable Energy 101

Renewable Energy 101 WATER IS A PRECIOUS RESOURCE! LESS THAN 1% OF ALL WATER ON THE EARTH CAN BE USED BY PEOPLE! THAT IS WHY IT S MORE IMPORTANT THAN EVER TO USE OUR WATER WISELY AND NOT WASTE IT. IN ADDITION,