Standardization. Introduction to standardization for Aalto University Jukka Alve

Transcription

1 Introduction to standardization for Aalto University Jukka Alve

2 2 Overview in General What is standardization? What is a standard? Principles of standardization Motivation for making a standard Who develops standards? Standards vs. legislation organizations International / European / National standards Publication types Publications and derived products Standard classification and special status Conformity assessment (separate activity, but based on the use of standards)

3 3 What is standardardization? standardization activity of establishing, with regard to actual or potential problems, provisions for common and repeated use, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order on a given context NOTE 1 In particular, the activity consists of the processes of formulating, issuing and implementing standards. NOTE 2 Important benefits of standardization are improvement of the suitability of products, processes and services for their intended purposes, preventing of barriers to trade and facilitation of technological cooperation [SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 2 Edition 8.0]

4 4 What is a standard? standard document, established by consensus and approved by a recognized body, that provides, for common and repeated use, rules, guidelines or characteristics for activities or their results, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context NOTE Standards should be based on the consolidated results of science, technology and experience, and aimed at the promotion of optimum community benefits. [SOURCE ISO/IEC Guide 2 Edition 8.0] Or, to put it simply, a standard is an agreed way of doing something; a common solution for a mutual problem. [SOURCE

5 5 Principles of standardization Transparency Impartiality and consensus Coherence Openness Efficiency and relevance

6 6 Motivation for making a standard has numerous benefits: guarantees interoperability ensures safety improves quality makes communication easier simplifies legislation makes the design task easier facilitates international trade brings cost savings enables impartial testing and certification

7 7 Who develops standards? is a voluntary activity. Standards are prepared by groups of experts representing various interested parties: companies, especially manufacturers research and test laboratories universities authorities even interested individuals Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and societal stakeholders are strongly encouraged to participate!

8 8 Standards vs. legislation In principle, compliance with a standard is voluntary, unless there is legislation requiring this. EU New Legislative Framework a.k.a. New Approach: Only the essential requirements on safety, health, environment and consumer protection are included in the European directive. Technical solutions, how a product can meet these requirements, are presented in harmonized standards prepared by CEN, CENELEC and ETSI. Building a product according to a harmonized standard listed in the EU Official Journal under a specific directive gives the presumption of conformity, and the product can be sold throughout EU without barriers. See for further information. It may be possible to meet the requirements of the directive in some other way, but usually referring to the standard is by far the easiest way of demonstrating conformity.

9 9 CE-marking To indicate that the product meets all the requirements of different directives applicable to it, the manufacturer shall mark it with the CE mark. The CE-mark enables free movement of the product within the European economic area.

10 10 Official standardization organizations General Electrotechnical Telecommunication Global European National

11 11 Electrotechnical standardization system IEC CENELEC SESKO ry International Electrotechnical Commission (2016 figures) 83 National Committees (member countries) and 87 Affiliates Number of technical committees or subcommittees: 203 Number of experts > Number of WG/PT/MTs: 1432 Number of publications: 9855 New standards published in 2016: 476 European Committee for Electrotechnical 33 member countries (EU, EEC, Turkey, Macedonia) Number of standards (2016) 6857, of which 78 % IEC-based New standards published in 2016: 429 coordinates Finnish participation in international work 20 member organizations 43 national mirror committees (latest SESKO-SFS JTC 1 SC 41 IoT) 70 follow-up groups network of 460 experts SFS standards writing body

12 12 Official standardization organizations just to name a few. There s more

13 13 International / European / National standards IEC and CENELEC have signed an agreement ( Frankfurt agreement ), in which CENELEC has agreed to offer all new work to be carried out at the IEC level. This means that the technical content of the majority of standards is written in IEC working groups, and IEC standards are adopted in Europe (with or without European modifications). CENELEC member countries have an obligation to implement EN standards as national standards without modifications. Nowadays, it is difficult to publish a home-grown national standard. The Vilamoura process dictates that a country that wants to start a national standardization project shall first ask if any other CENELEC countries want to participate, and if a sufficient number of countries show interest, the project becomes a CENELEC project.

14 14 Committee structure Technical work is carried out in various Technical Committees (TC), which may have subcommittees (SC). The committees and subcommittees typically have several working groups (WG), where the standards are actually written. See the following committee lists for further information: IEC committees CENELEC committees SESKO committees

15 15 IEC CENELEC SESKO Proposal stage (NP) Proposal or vote on NP-draft Preparation of IEC-, EN- and Maintenance Preparatory stage WG/MT members SFS-standards (parallel procedure) M A I N T E N A N C E C Y C L E Committee stage (CD) Enquiry stage (CDV) Approval stage (FDIS) IEC Publication Parallel CDV-vote Parallel CDV-vote BT ratification EN Publication Comments from expert groups National enquiry Vote (IEC & CENELEC) Comments on EN-draft Vote (IEC & CENELEC) National enquiry SESKOs Managing Director SFS-EN-standard

16 16 IEC CENELEC SESKO Proposal stage (NP) Proposal or vote on NP-draft Preparation of Technical content is fixed!!! IEC-, EN- and Maintenance Preparatory stage WG/MT members SFS-standards (parallel procedure) M A I N T E N A N C E C Y C L E Committee stage (CD) Enquiry stage (CDV) Approval stage (FDIS) IEC Publication Parallel CDV-vote Parallel CDV-vote BT ratification EN Publication Comments from expert groups National enquiry Vote (IEC & CENELEC) Comments on EN-draft Vote (IEC & CENELEC) National enquiry SESKOs Managing Director SFS-EN-standard

17 17 IEC CENELEC SESKO Proposal stage (NP) Proposal or vote on NP-draft Preparation of IEC-, EN- and Maintenance Preparatory stage WG/MT members SFS-standards (parallel procedure) M A I N T E N A N C E C Y C L E Committee stage (CD) Enquiry stage (CDV) Approval stage (FDIS) IEC Publication Last stage to give comments!!! Parallel CDV-vote Parallel CDV-vote BT ratification EN Publication Comments from expert groups National enquiry Vote (IEC & CENELEC) Comments on EN-draft Vote (IEC & CENELEC) National enquiry SESKOs Managing Director SFS-EN-standard

18 18 IEC CENELEC SESKO Proposal stage (NP) Proposal or vote on NP-draft Preparation of Technical content is fixed!!! IEC-, EN- and Maintenance Preparatory stage WG/MT members SFS-standards (parallel procedure) M A I N T E N A N C E C Y C L E Committee stage (CD) Enquiry stage (CDV) Approval stage (FDIS) IEC Publication Last stage to give comments!!! Parallel CDV-vote Parallel CDV-vote BT ratification EN Publication Comments from expert groups National enquiry Vote (IEC & CENELEC) Comments on EN-draft Vote (IEC & CENELEC) National enquiry SESKOs Managing Director SFS-EN-standard SFS-standard is prepared in IEC!!!

19 19 IEC patent policy and patent declarations DB COMMON PATENT POLICY FOR ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC Code of practice may be summarized as follows: The ITU Telecommunication Bureau (TSB), the ITU Radio-communication Bureau (BR) and the offices of the CEOs of ISO and IEC are not in a position to give authoritative or comprehensive information about evidence, validity or scope of patents or similar rights, but it is desirable that the fullest available information should be disclosed. Therefore, any party participating in the work of ITU, ISO or IEC should, from the outset, draw the attention of the Director of ITU- TSB, the Director of ITU-BR, or the offices of the CEOs of ISO or IEC, respectively, to any known patent or to any known pending patent application, either their own or of other organizations, although ITU, ISO or IEC are unable to verify the validity of any such information Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy Patent Statement and Licencing Declaration Form (Word template)

20 20 Different types of publications IEC standard ISO/IEC standard IEC or ISO 8XXXX EN standard EN 5XXXX ( home-grown ) EN 6XXXX (based on IEC std.) EN IEC 6XXXX (identical with IEC) TS (Technical Specification) TR (Technical Report) PAS (Publicly available Specification) HD (Harmonization Document) CWA (Common Workshop Agreement) National standard SFS XXXX SFS-EN 5XXXX SFS-EN 6XXXX SFS-IEC 6XXXX New Edition / Amendment / Corrigendum / Interpretation sheet

21 21 Publications and derived products (IEC) Publication delivery formats: Hard copy via conventional mail : Hard copy of IEC standard CD-rom or USB memory stick via conventional mail: published as Portable Document Format (PDF) Download: published as Portable Document Format (PDF) Database: the document is published as database (XML, HTML, PDF, Graphics) Value added products Pre-release standards: Final Draft International Standard (FDIS) Consolidated editions: Standard + Amendmend(s) consolidated RED-lined editions: New edition with track changes On-line collections: published as HTML (new)

22 22 Publications: Hard copy of IEC standard Information on IEC cover page Document ID, edition, publication date Colour indicator Special status indicator Title (en/fr) Price code

23 23 Publications: Databases IEC standards in database format Some IEC publications have been developed in database format to better support the needs of standards users. These databases are accessible either free of charge, or via subscriptions which can be purchased through the IEC National Committees, National Committee-appointed Sales Outlets, or directly on the IEC Webstore. IEC databases free of charge Electropedia International Electrotechnical Vocabulary IEC Glossary (collection of terms from IEC TC/SC publications clause 3 Terms and definitions) IEC Common Data Dictionary (Standard classes and properties with associated classification scheme for electric components and systems) IEC (Material declaration for products of and for the electrotechnical industry) IEC (Evaluation and qualification of electrical insulation systems) IEC (Classification and designation of documents for plants, systems and equipment)

24 24 Publications: IEC databases via subscription IEC databases via subscription Examples of content IEC Lamp caps and holders together with gauges for the control of interchangeability and safety IEC Mechanical standardization of semiconductor devices - Part 2: Dimensions IEC and ISO 7000 Graphical symbols for use on equipment IEC Graphical symbols for diagrams

25 25 Publications: On-line collections What is an online collection? An online collection is a completely new way for you to view our publications. Your annual subscription ensures you always have online access to the latest, most up-to-date editions, amendments and revisions - from any computer or mobile device. As well as the clear advantages of online, hyperlinked content, your online account provides you with new features such as personal bookmarking and commenting.

26 26 Value added products: Pre-release standards EXAMPLE IEC :2016 PRV (Pre release version) Abstract This Final Draft International Standard is an up to 11 weeks' prerelease of the official publication. It is available for sale during its voting period: to By purchasing this FDIS now, you will automatically receive, in addition, the final publication.

27 27 Value added products: Consolidated editions EXAMPLE IEC :2005+AMD1:2012 CSV Consolidated version Abstract IEC :2005+A1:2012(E) contains requirements concerning basic safety and essential performance that are generally applicable to medical electrical equipment. For certain types of medical electrical equipment, these requirements are either supplemented or modified by the special requirements of a collateral or particular standard. Where particular standards exist, this standard should not be used alone. The contents of the corrigenda of December 2006, December 2007 and November 2012, the interpretation sheets of April 2008, January 2009 and May 2013 have been included in this copy. This consolidated version consists of the third edition (2005) and its amendment 1 (2012). Therefore, there is no need to order the amendment in addition to this publication. This is an English version.

28 28 Value added products: Redline version What is a Redline version? A Redline version contains both the current IEC standard and a Redline version of the document which shows changes from the previous edition marked in colour. With the Redline you can quickly spot changed sections and tell specifically what has been changed from the previous edition, saving time and avoiding confusion. The development of a Redline version is not systematic. Criteria are the popularity of the Publication and the clear structure of the changes. If the changes are too much interwoven into the content, a Redline version may be unreadable and thus, lose the benefit of a clear and quick identification of the changes. EXAMPLE CISPR 11:2015 RLV Industrial, scientific and medical equipment - Radio-frequency disturbance characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement

29 29 Basic documents (basic reference works) Requirements for consistency of documents is given in ISO/IEC Dir, Part 2 clause 4.4. including: Terms and definitions: Electropedia International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEC series) Quantities, units and their symbols: ISO (all parts), Quantities and units IEC (all parts), Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology IEC (all parts), Quantities and units Graphical symbols: Graphical symbols for use on equipment: IEC and ISO 7000 Graphical symbols for diagrams: IEC and ISO (all parts) Safety signs: ISO 7010 Full list of basic reference works see ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, 2011 Annex B Diagrams IEC Preparation of documents used in electrotechnology Part 1: Rules IEC Structuring principles and reference designations (all parts)

30 30 Classification of IEC standards System standard Test standard Basic safety publications Product publications Application guideline Group safety publications Horizontal standards

31 31 System standard System standard: define concept of particular system, provide minimum requirements, description of system main functions. Example from committee IEC TC 79 IEC :2010 Edition 1.0 ( ) Alarm systems - Intrusion and hold-up systems - Part 1: System requirements

32 32 Application guideline Application guideline: provides guidance on the design, planning, operation, installation, commissioning and maintenance of system. Example from committee IEC TC 79 IEC :2010 Edition 1.0 ( ) Alarm systems - Intrusion and hold-up systems - Part 1: System requirements

33 33 Test standard Test standard: provide test procedures, acceptance/fail criteria for particular tests. Example from committee IEC TC 100 IEC 62623:2012 Edition 1.0 ( ) Desktop and notebook computers - Measurement of energy consumption

34 34 Product publication Product publication: publication covering a specific product or group of related products. Example from committee IEC SC 121A IEC :2006 Edition 4.0 ( ) Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 2: Circuit-breaker

35 35 Horizontal standard Horizontal standard: standard on fundamental principles, concepts, terminology or technical characteristics, relevant to a number of TCs and of crucial importance to ensure the coherence of the corpus of standardization documents. Example from committee IEC TC 8 IEC 60038:2009 Edition 7.0 ( ) IEC standard voltages Special status indicator

36 36 Basic safety publication Basic safety publication: publication on a specific safety related matter, applicable to many electrotechnical products. Example from committee IEC TC 3 IEC 60445:2010 Edition 5.0 ( ) Basic and safety principles for man-machine interface, marking and identification - Identification of equipment terminals, conductor terminations and conductors Special status indicator

37 37 Group safety publications Group safety publication: publication covering all safety aspects of a specific group of products within the scope of two or more product TCs. Example from committee IEC TC 22 IEC :2012 Edition 1.0 ( ) Safety requirements for power electronic converter systems and equipment - Part 1: General Special status indicator

38 38 Conformity Assessment CA (Conformity Assessment) is any activity which results in determining whether a product or other object corresponds to the requirements contained in a specification (typically a standard). Electrical and electronic equipment Explosive atmospheres Electronic components Renewable energy

39 39 Further information on electrotechnical standardization Web sites Participation in standardization SESKO s IEC/CLC mirror committees (SK) SESKO s IEC/CLC follow-up groups (SR) Standards related enquiries SESKO office asiakaspalvelu(at)sesko.fi Purchasing of standards IEC webstore: SFS webstore: sales@sfs.fi,