Performance-based Fire Safety design in Spain

Transcription

1 Performance-based Fire Safety design in Spain Ing. Gabriele Vigne Director, JVVA Fire & Risk 1

2 What are we talking about? Fire Safety Engineering is the use of Science, Engineering, Analysis and common sense to provide buildings with the adequate level of Fire Safety Identifying possible fire scenarios Determine the performance criteria Determine design alternatives Perform the required analysis This is done based on knowledge regarding: How a Fire behaves (fire development), and the interaction between the fire, people and the environment 2

3 What are we talking about? Is the national fire regulations enough? 3

4 Fire Safety Engineering in Spain Performance Based Fire Engineering in Spain 4

5 Fire Safety Engineering in Spain Buildings 1974 Norma Tecnológica sobre Instalaciones de Protección contra el Fuego (NTE-IPF) 1979 Regulations for Hotel and Hospitals 1981 NBE-CPI-81 (first National Fire regulation) 1991 NBE-CPI NBE-CPI RD 314/06 Codigo Tecnico de la Edificacion Industrial buildings 1981 NBE-CPI-81 (first National Fire regulation) 2004 RD 786/01 Reglamento de Seguridad Contra Incendios en Establecimientos Industriales (RSCIEI) 5

6 Fire Safety Engineering in Spain 6

7 Fire Safety Engineering in Spain It is all shown here: Art. 11. Objetivo del requisito básico SI: «...reducir a límites aceptables el riesgo de que los usuarios de un edificio sufran daños derivados de un incendio de origen accidental, como consecuencia de las características de su proyecto, construcción uso y mantenimiento» «...los edificios se proyectarán, construirán, mantendrán y utilizarán de forma que, en caso de incendio, se cumplan las exigencias básicas que se establecen...» 7

8 Fire Safety Engineering in Spain PBD en DB-SI: III Criterios generales de aplicación: «Pueden utilizarse otras soluciones diferentes a las contenidas en este DB, en cuyo caso deberá seguirse el procedimiento en el articulo 5 del CTE» 8

9 Fire Safety Engineering in Spain PBD en CTE: Articulo 5, b): «soluciones alternativas, entendidas como aquéllas que se aparten total o parcialmente de los DB. El proyectista o el director de obra pueden, bajo su responsabilidad y previa conformidad del promotor, adoptar soluciones alternativas, siempre que justifiquen documentalmente que el edificio proyectado cumple las exigencias básicas del CTE porque sus prestaciones son, al menos, equivalentes a los que se obtendrían por la aplicación de los DB» 9

10 Fire Safety Engineering in Spain How does it work in practice? 10

11 Examples of PBD in Spain A few examples of PBD applied in Spain Buildings Industrial Infrastructure 11

12 Gran Via 42 Historically protected building Change of use from office to aparthotel 2 evacuation stairs merging into one single evacuation route 12

13 Gran Via 42 2 stairs merging into one single evacuation route 13

14 The problem Prescriptive requirement: The building should be provided with more than 2 exits leading directly to outside Different property Different property Limitations Being the building historically protected no changes could have been done to the building structure and the architectural layout Different properties adjacent to the building Main road 14

15 The goal Guarantee the safe evacuation of the occupants How to achieve it Introducing a new protected evacuation route (corridor at first basement) which gave protected access from the back stair to the central stair Analyzing the evacuation conditions (density, time, etc.) along the entire evacuation route, and this for different design assumptions (high/low occupancies). 15

16 Conclusion The safe evacuation from the building was guaranteed. The evacuation can take place during acceptable evacuation conditions (density on route, waiting time in critical points, overall evacuation time, etc.). The solution was to introduce a new protected evacuation route which gave protected access from the back stair to the central stair and from there to outside. This was done with minimal changes to the building layout. Further measures were also introduced, for example improved detection, alarm and signage. 16

17 Amazon Logistic Centre Logistic Centre Transit corridors (to be used by trollies) Smoke control system designed at roof level with natural vents and smoke curtains 17

18 Amazon Logistic Centre Tramex floors imped the operation of the centre (moving trollies) This has implication on the overall ventilation system concept 18

19 The problem Prescriptive requirement: Intermediate floors (mezzanines) need to be 50% permeable Smoke curtains needed to create smoke reservoirs Issues: Trollies wont be able to circulate on tramex Smoke can spread vertically instantly Smoke curtains impeding operation of the centre 19

20 The goal Introduce a viable solution so that the operation of the centre is possible (limit tramex floor) Guarantee the safe evacuation of the occupants with a new smoke ventilation solution. How to achieve it Studying a new more efficient configuration of the smoke control system for every floor (improved efficiency) Analyzing the spread of smoke (advanced simulations) Comparing the new solution with the prescriptive one (comparative fire safety analysis) 20

21 Study of the prescriptive approach The prescriptive approach has been modeled through CFD 21

22 Study of the proposed approach The proposed approach has been modeled through CFD 22

23 Conclusions The proposed solution shows to be more effective both in terms of evacuation and property protection The solution has been approved and implemented in the logistic centre 23

24 Barajas Airport Largest Airport in Spain Almost 50 Million passenger per year The airport, including the newest T4 was designed without any national fire regulation 24

25 The problem(s) Prescriptive requirement: Travel paths/ evacuation routes Compartmentation Smoke control Fire Brigade Access Etc. Limitations Existing building almost 24h operative 25

26 The goal Guarantee the safe evacuation of the occupants in case of fire How to achieve it Through an overall holistic study of the current performance of the building in case of fire Advanced smoke spread analysis Advanced people movement analysis Introduction of new viable design alternatives (predominantly evacuation routes, very limited possibilities for active smoke control). 26

27 Fire and smoke modelling CFD analysis have been done for all the terminals 27

28 Evacuation Modelling Evacuation analysis have been done for all the terminals 28

29 Conclusions It was shown that the majority of public areas could be evacuated during safe conditions in case of a fire This was achieved by efficient but simple design changes regarding evacuation routes (increased capacity, additional exit points, introduction of wayfinding concepts, omitting non-efficient routes, etc.), in a few cases improvements (or new systems) of the smoke control measures were needed. 29

30 Fire Safety Engineering in Spain Overall Conlusions 30

31 Overall conclusions Pros Performance Based Fire Safety design in Spain does exits and it is slowly being an accepted way for designing buildings and similar With the application of Performance Based Fire Safety solutions buildings can be safer Buildings can be unique and safe 31

32 Overall conclusions Cons Lack of technical knowledge Non homogenous approach over the country Lack of technical engineering judgement for the solutions proposed All of the above could also lead to unsafe buildings 32

33 Thanks for your attention Ing. Gabriele Vigne Director, JVVA Fire & Risk 33