Code Breaking Barrel Storage

Transcription

1 Code Breaking Barrel Storage Scott Moore, Architect, NCARB with Colleen Moore, Interpreter Dalkita reserves all rights to the material presented. Recording and/or reproduction and display of this presentation without the express written consent of Dalkita Construction, Inc. is strictly prohibited.

2 Introductions Scott Moore Master of Architecture from the University of Illinois Urbana Champaign Nationally Certified Architect through NCARB Currently licensed in CO, KY, MA, MN, MO and UT Over 25 years of experience in the design & building industry Over 10 years of experience in distillery design and construction Over 15 year of experience as a general contractor, Class A Supervisor Dalkita reserves all rights to the material presented. Recording and/or reproduction and display of this presentation without the express written consent of Dalkita Construction, Inc. is strictly prohibited.

3 Overview A. Codes A (very) Brief History B. Code Hierarchy C. What do wooden cask or barrel exceptions actually mean? D. H 3 Requirements Basic & Barrel Exceptions E. The Ventilation Exception F. Other Related Issues Specialty Codes High Piled Storage New Threats to Cask Storage * Fine print is often critical in understanding the meaning of Codes. This presentation is based on the 2015 ICC Codes and the 2015 NFPA.

4 CODES: A BRIEF HISTORY First Building Code in the U.S.

5 CODES: A BRIEF HISTORY

6 CODES: A BRIEF HISTORY

7 CODES: A BRIEF HISTORY The International Code Council (ICC) was established in 1994 as a non profit organization dedicated to developing a single set of comprehensive and coordinated national model construction. Building Officials and Code Administrators International, Inc. (BOCA), International Conference of Building Officials (ICBO) Southern Building Code Congress International, Inc. (SBCCI).

8 CODES: A BRIEF HISTORY

9 CODES: A BRIEF HISTORY

10 CODES: A BRIEF HISTORY NFPA 1: Fire Code NFPA 2: Hydrogen Technologies Code NFPA 3: Recommended Practice on Commissioning and Integrated Testing of Fire Protection and Life Safety Systems NFPA 4: Standard for Integrated Fire Protection and Life Safety System Testing NFPA 10: Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers NFPA 10A: Recommended Good Practice for the Maint and Use of Portable Fire Extinguishers NFPA 11: Standard for Low, Medium, and High Expansion Foam NFPA 11A: Standard for Medium and High Expansion Foam Systems NFPA 11B: Standard on Synthetic Foam and Combined Agent Systems NFPA 11C: Standard for Mobile Foam Apparatus NFPA 12: Standard on Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems NFPA 12A: Standard on Halon 1301 Fire Extinguishing Systems NFPA 12B: Standard on Halogenated Fire Extinguishing Agent Systems Halon 1211 NFPA 13: Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems NFPA 13D: Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One and Two Family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes NFPA 13E: Recommended Practice for Fire Department Operations in Properties Protected by Sprinkler and Standpipe Systems NFPA 13R: Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in Low Rise Residential Occupancies NFPA 14: Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems NFPA 15: Standard for Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection NFPA 16: Standard for the Installation of Foam Water Sprinkler and Foam Water Spray Systems

11 So we're back to courting the Fire Marshall's approval. Local code allows massive amounts of bulk liquor to be stored in wooden casks at distilleries, or in individual glass containers at retail locations, but not in individual glass containers at distilleries. We want our boys to be safe if they respond to a distillery fire, but the inconsistencies in the code are really frustrating.

12 CODES: A ROADMAP

13 CODES: A ROADMAP

14 CODES: A ROADMAP

15 CODES: A ROADMAP OR

16 CODES: THE LINGO (VOCAB) Abbrev. AHJ ICC IBC IFC IMC NFPA CFM SF MAQ LFL Short for This Authority Having Jurisdiction (city, county, fire district) International Code Council International Building Code International Fire Code International Mechanical Code National Fire Protection Association Cubic Foot per Minute Square Foot or Square Feet Maximum Allowable Quantity Lower Flammable Limit

17 CODES: THE LINGO (VOCAB) Term Performance Language Prescriptive Language Commentary Means Indicates an intended result and requires a design that performs to result in the code intention. giving exact rules, directions, or instructions about how you should do something Not code but published to help determine the reasoning behind the rules.

18 barrels are exempt right?!

19 OVERVIEW: BARREL EXCEPTIONS When do the IFC Exceptions Apply to create Modified H 3? IBC IFC CFM/SF Ventilation See IFC & IMC Barrel Exception Explosion Control See IFC Barrel Exception Spill Control See IFC Barrel Exception Secondary Containment See IFC Barrel Exception Emergency Alarm Same Sprinklers Same % Ext.Wall Same ex.1 Min. 1 hr. Separation Same 2015 ICC Code References

20 WHAT IS H 3? SECTION 307 HIGH HAZARD GROUP H FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS [F] High hazard Group H. High hazard Group H occupancy includes, among others, the use of a building or structure, or a portion thereof, that involves the manufacturing, processing, generation or storage of materials that constitute a physical or health hazard in quantities in excess of those allowed in control areas complying with Section 414, based on the maximum allowable quantity limits for control areas set forth in Tables 307.1(1) and 307.1(2). If quantities exceed MAQs, occupancy is H 3 for barrel storage.

21 WHAT DO I NEED FOR H 3? IBC You are considered an H 3 Occupancy if ANY of the following apply to Class 1, 2, or 3A flammable or combustible liquids : Stored/used in normally closed containers or systems Liquids are pressurized at < 15 PSI Primary Added requirements of H 3 Occupancy: 25% perimeter on exterior wall (if over 500 SF dispensing or 1000 SF Storage per exceptions #1 & 2) Must be Sprinklered Spill Control Secondary Containment 1 cfm/sf Continuous Ventilation & Mechanical Code w/ Uninterruptable Power Source (UPS) Deflagration Control 2012 Fire Code refers to NFPA 69: Explosion control by prevention. Table Footnote e Open Use and Dispensing Only Emergency Alarms Mandatory Minimum 1 hr Fire Separation from other Occupancies

22 BARRELS & MAQs Excerpted from TABLE (1), 2015 International Building Code and TABLE (1) in 2015 International Fire Code MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS POSING A PHYSICAL HAZARD MATERIAL Combustible Dust CLASS Combustible Liquid c, i 2 3A 3B Flammable Liquid c GROUP WHEN MAX. ALLOW. QTY. EXCEEDED SOLID POUNDS (CUBIC FEET) STORAGE b USE CLOSED SYSTEMS b USE OPEN SYSTEMS b LIQUID GALLONS (POUNDS) GAS (CUBIC FEET AT NTP) SOLID POUNDS (CUBIC FEET( LIQUID GALLONS (POUNDS) GAS (CUBIC FEET AT NTP) SOLID POINDS (CUBIC FEET) LIQUID GALLONS (POUNDS) N/A H 2 Note q N/A N/A Note q N/A N/A Note q N/A 1A 1B and 1C H 2 or H 3 H 2 or H 3 N/A H 2 or H 3 N/A N/A 120 d,e 330 d,e N/A N/A 13,200 e,f 30 d,e 120 d,e N/A N/A 120 d 330 d N/A N/A 13,200 f 30 d 120 d N/A N/A c. alcoholic beverages in retail and wholesale occupancies provided that the liquids are packaged in individual containers not exceeding 1.3 gallons. 30 d 80 d 3,300 f d. (MAQs) increased 100 percent with automatic sprinkler system... Where Note e also applies, the increase for both notes shall be applied accumulatively. e. (MAQs) increased 100 percent when stored in approved storage cabinets, day boxes, gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures or in listed safety cans both notes shall be applied accumulatively. f. The permitted quantities shall not be limited in a building equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section q. (Combustible Dust in 2012 code) manufactured, generated in a manner that the concentration and conditions create a fire or explosion hazard 10 d 30 d

23 WHAT S IN THE BARRELS? FLAMMABLE LIQUID. A liquid having a closed cup flash point below 100 F(38 C). Flammable liquids are further categorized into a group known as Class 1liquids. The Class 1category is subdivided as follows: Class 1A. Liquids having a flash point below 73 F(23 C) and a boiling point below 100 F(38 C). Class 1B. Liquids having a flash point below 73 F(23 C) and a boiling point at or above 100 F(38 C). Class 1C. Liquids having a flash point at or above 73 F(23 C) and below 100 F(38 C). Table Flash and Fire Points of Alcohol Water Solutions (DISCUS) Alcohol (Vol. %) Tag Closed Cup Flash Point 2 Class IB Liquids Tag Open Cup Flash Point 3 Fire Point 4 95% 63 F (17 C) 70 F (21 C) 70 F(21 C) 90% 65 F (18 C) 72 F (22 C) 72 F(22 C) 80% 68 F (20 C) 76 F (24 C) 76 F(24 C) 70% 70 F (21 C) 80 F (27 C) 80 F(27 C) 60% 72 F (22 C) 86 F (30 C) 87 F(30 C) Class IC Liquids (below 55%) 50% 75 F (24 C) 90 F (32 C) 94 F(34 C) 40% 79 F (26 C) 96 F (36 C) 102 F(39 C) 30% 85 F (29 C) 104 F (40 C) 113 F(45 C) 20% 97 F (36 C) 119 F (48 C) 136 F(58 C) Non flammable liquid (below 20%) 10% 120 F (49 C) 150 F (66 C)

24 BARRELS Excerpted from TABLE (1), 2015 International Building Code and TABLE (1) in 2015 International Fire Code MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS POSING A PHYSICAL HAZARD MATERIAL Combustible Dust CLASS Combustible Liquid c, i 2 3A 3B Flammable Liquid c GROUP WHEN MAX. ALLOW. QTY. EXCEEDED SOLID POUNDS (CUBIC FEET) STORAGE b USE CLOSED SYSTEMS b USE OPEN SYSTEMS b LIQUID GALLONS (POUNDS) GAS (CUBIC FEET AT NTP) SOLID POUNDS (CUBIC FEET( LIQUID GALLONS (POUNDS) GAS (CUBIC FEET AT NTP) SOLID POINDS (CUBIC FEET) LIQUID GALLONS (POUNDS) N/A H 2 Note q N/A N/A Note q N/A N/A Note q N/A 1A 1B and 1C H 2 or H 3 H 2 or H 3 N/A H 2 or H 3 N/A N/A 120 d,e 330 d,e N/A N/A 13,200 e,f 30 d,e 120 d,e N/A N/A 120 d 330 d N/A N/A 13,200 f 30 d 120 d N/A N/A 30 d 80 d 3,300 f d. (MAQs) increased 100 percent with automatic sprinkler system... Where Note e also applies, the increase for both notes shall be applied accumulatively. 10 d 30 d MAQs are 120/30 (240/60 sprinkled) = over limit

25 BARRELS SECTION 414 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS HAZARDOUS MATERIALS [F] Ventilation. Rooms, areas or spaces in which explosive, corrosive, combustible, flammable or highly toxic dusts, mists, fumes, vapors or gases are or may be emitted due to the processing, use, handling or storage of materials shall be mechanically ventilated where required by this code, the International Fire Code or the International Mechanical Code. Ventilation NOT EXHAUST See Fire Code See Mechanical Code

26 VENTILATION

27 BARRELS CHAPTER 50 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS GENERAL PROVISIONS SECTION 5001 GENERAL Scope. This chapter shall apply to all hazardous materials, including those materials regulated elsewhere in this code, except that where specific requirements are provided in other chapters [in the case of] multiple hazards, all hazards shall be addressed. Exceptions: 10. The storage of distilled spirits and wines in wooden barrels and casks. Barrels Exempt IFC requires no ventilation

28 BARRELS CHAPTER 50 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS GENERAL PROVISIONS SECTION 5001 GENERAL Scope. FROM THE COMMENTARY Exception 10 covers the storage of distilled spirits and wines in wooden barrels and casks. This statement may appear to exempt all requirements for these products from being Group H occupancy. However, the IBC will still classify the storage area as a Group H occupancy if the amounts exceed the maximum allowable quantities (MAQs) per control area listed in Table 307.1(1) of that code for flammable or combustible liquids. All requirements for a Group H occupancy in the IBC are still applicable; however, any requirements from the code are not. The Commentary tells us barrels and casks are NOT exempt from IBC H 3 Commentary is NOT code, but IS a guide to interpreting the code.

29 HANDY HANDOUT

30 BARRELS CHAPTER 57 FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS SECTION 5701 GENERAL Nonapplicability. This chapter shall not apply to liquids as otherwise provided in other laws or regulations or chapters of this code, including: 10. The storage of distilled spirits and wines in wooden barrels and casks. Barrels and casks are Nonapplicable to this chapter. IFC requires no ventilation

31 BARRELS COMMENTARY ON CHAPTER 57 FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS SECTION 5701 GENERAL Nonapplicability. Item 10 makes the storage of distilled spirits and wines in wooden barrels and casks exempt from this chapter. Although their contents are classified as flammable liquids, the containers do not pose the rupture hazard as do other containers. Barrels and casks will leak their contents and contribute to the fire as the metal bands that secure the staves expand and loosen. Even this hazard is generally mitigated by the operation of automatic sprinklers that prevent the fire from progressing to the point where the metal bands get hot enough to expand. A similar exception also appears in Section Barrels do not rupture Sprinklers greatly mitigate risk Commentary is NOT code but IS a guide to interpreting the code.

32 CODE: NFPA 1 NFPA 1 Chapter 66 Flammable and Combustible Liquids Where the provisions of this chapter or NFPA 30 conflict with the provisions of Chapter 60, the provisions of this chapter and NFPA 30 shall apply Storage of Liquids in Containers General Requirements Scope This section shall not apply to the following: (7) Distilled spirits and wines in wooden barrels or casks [30:9.1.4]

33 CODE: NFPA 30 NFPA 30 Chapter 9 Storage of Liquids in Containers General Requirements 9.1 Scope This chapter shall not apply to the following: (7) Distilled spirits and wines in wooden barrels or casks

34 BARRELS SECTION 403 MECHANICAL VENTILATION Outdoor air required. Ventilation supply systems shall be designed to deliver the required rate of outdoor airflow to the breathing zone within each occupiable space. Exception: Where the registered design professional demonstrates that an engineered ventilation system design We will will prevent come back the maximum to concentration of contaminants ventilation and the deal minimum with required rate of outdoor air shall be reduced IMC in accordance with such engineered system design Hazardous Exhaust where required. 1. Flammable liquid vapor in excess of 25% of the LFL

35 BARRELS CHAPTER 4 [F] Explosion Control. Explosion control shall be provided in accordance with the International Fire Code as required by Table where quantities of hazardous materials specified in that table exceed the maximum allowable quantities in Table (1) or where a structure, room or space is occupied for purposes involving explosion hazards as required by Section 415 or the International Fire Code. [F] Emergency or standby power. Where required by the International Fire Code or this code, mechanical ventilation, treatment systems, temperature control, alarm, detection or other electrically operated systems shall be provided with emergency or standby power in accordance with Section For storage and use areas for highly toxic or toxic materials, see Sections and of the International Fire Code. Explosion control, emergency power, spill control, drainage, and containment all refer to the IFC where barrels are exempt. Therefore these items are not required for cask storage. Note: explosion control is inherently provided with the 0.06cfm/sf of ventilation.

36 BARRELS [F] Spill control, drainage and containment. Rooms, buildings or areas occupied for the storage of solid and liquid hazardous materials shall be provided with a means to control spillage and to contain or drain off spillage and fire protection water discharged in the storage area where required in the International Fire Code. The methods of spill control shall be in accordance with the International Fire Code. Explosion control, emergency power, spill control, drainage, and containment all refer to the IFC where barrels are exempt. Therefore these items are not required for cask storage. Note: explosion control is inherently provided with the 0.06cfm/sf of ventilation.

37 BARRELS [F] Automatic sprinkler system. Group H occupancies shall be equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section [F] Emergency alarms. Emergency alarms for the detection and notification of an emergency condition in Group H occupancies shall be provided as set forth herein. [F] Storage. An approved manual emergency alarm system shall be provided in buildings, rooms or areas used for storage of hazardous materials. Emergency alarm initiating devices shall be installed outside of each interior exit or exit access door of storage buildings, rooms or areas. Activation of an emergency alarm initiating device shall sound a local alarm to alert occupants of an emergency situation involving hazardous materials. Sprinklers, emergency alarm are required. IFC?

38 BARRELS [F] Groups H 2 and H 3. Group H 2 and H 3 occupancies shall be set back not less than 50 feet ( mm) where a detached building is required (see Table ). The detached building is never required for H 3 spirits in casks

39 BARRELS Separation. No separation is required between nonseparated occupancies. Exceptions: 1. Group H 2, H 3, H 4 and H 5 occupancies shall be separated from all other occupancies in accordance with Section H 3 Barrel Storage F 1 Distillery A 2 Tasting Room Barrels Mixed with Distillery A 2 Tasting Room

40 PEOPLE NEED TO SEE THE STILLS!

41 BARRELS Separation. No separation is required between nonseparated occupancies. Exceptions: 1. Group H 2, H 3, H 4 and H 5 occupancies shall be separated from all other occupancies in accordance with Section A minimum of 1 hour separation from other occupancies is required. The IFC is not referenced. Therefore, the barrel exceptions do not apply. Typically, in smaller buildings, the entire distillery (except the H 3 barrel room) is a non separated mixed use with either F 1 or A 2 being the most restrictive and the H 3 room barrel separated accordingly.

42 BARRELS Excerpted from: TABLE REQUIRED SEPARATION OF OCCUPANCIES (HOURS) Occupancy H 3 S NS A, E 2 3 R a 2 NP F 2, S 2 b, U 2 3 B e, F 1, M, S H 1 NP NP H 2 1 NP H 3, H 4 1d NP S = sprinkled NS = not sprinkled N = No separation requirement NP = Not Permitted a. See Section 420 b. Required separation from areas used only for private or pleasure vehicles shall be reduced by 1 hour but not less than 1/2 hour. d. Separation is not required between occupancies of the same classification. e. See Section for ambulatory care facilities.

43 CIRCLE BACK: BARREL EXCEPTIONS When do the IFC Exceptions Apply to create Modified H 3? IBC IFC CFM/SF Ventilation See IFC & IMC Barrel Exception Explosion Control See IFC Barrel Exception Spill Control See IFC Barrel Exception Secondary Containment See IFC Barrel Exception Emergency Alarm Same Sprinklers Same % Ext.Wall Same ex.1 Min. 1 hr. Separation Same 2015 ICC Code References

44 BARRELS SECTION 414 Special Requirements Hazardous Materials [F] Ventilation. Rooms, areas or spaces in which explosive, corrosive, combustible, flammable or highly toxic dusts, mists, fumes, vapors or gases are or storage of materials shall be mechanically ventilated where required by this code, the International Fire Code or the International Mechanical Code. Ventilation NOT EXHAUST See Fire Code See Mechanical Code

45 BARRELS Excerpted from: TABLE MINIMUM VENTILATION RATES OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION Storage OCCUPANT DENSITY #/1000 FT 2a PEOPLE OUTDOOR AIRFLOW RATE IN BREATHING ZONE, R p CFM/PERSON AREA OUTDOOR AIRFLOW RATE IN BREATHING ZONE, R a CFM/FT 2 a Repair garages, enclosed parking 0.75 garages b,d Warehouses.06 EXHAUST AIRFLOW RATE CFM/FT 2 a 0.06 CFM/FT 2 required for barrel storage ventilation

46 BARRELS SECTION 403 MECHANICAL VENTILATION Ventilation system. Mechanical ventilation shall be provided by a method of supply air and return or exhaust air except that mechanical ventilation air requirements for Group R 2, R 3, and R 4 occupancies three stories and less in height above grade plane shall be provided by an exhaust system, supply system or combination thereof. The amount of supply air shall be approximately equal to the amount of return and exhaust air. The system shall not be prohibited from producing negative or positive pressure. The system to convey ventilation air shall be designed an installed in accordance with Chapter 6. ventilation is provided by supply air and return OR exhaust. If we used supply & return air, we still need 0.06 CFM of outdoor air. Adding air means we have to move it out i.e. exhaust. We typically take exhaust from within 12 of the floor due to the properties of alcohol vapor being heavier than air The remaining fumes to stay under 25% of LFL.

47 BARRELS SECTION 401 GENERAL Scope. This chapter shall govern the ventilation of spaces within a building intended to be occupied. Mechanical exhaust systems, including exhaust systems serving clothes dryers and cooking appliances; hazardous exhaust systems; dust, stock and refuse conveyor systems; smoke control systems; energy recovery ventilation systems and other systems specified in Section 502 shall comply with Chapter 5. Because we are ventilating with Mechanical Exhaust vs. Supply/Return Air We must go to Chapter 5 of the IMC.

48 BARRELS SECTION 401 GENERAL Scope. This chapter shall govern the ventilation of spaces within a building intended to be occupied. Mechanical exhaust systems, including exhaust systems serving clothes dryers and cooking appliances; hazardous exhaust systems; dust, stock and refuse conveyor systems; smoke control systems; energy recovery ventilation systems and other systems specified in Section 502 shall comply with Chapter 5. FROM COMMENTARY This section establishes the scope Smoke control systems, smoke venting, mechanical exhaust systems and combustion air supplies are not within the scope of this chapter but are regulated by other sections of the code Chapter 5 addresses exhaust systems It may be inferred, and supported by commentary, that Chapter 5 requirements apply to cask storage.

49 BARRELS The following slides intend to show IMC Chapter 5 requirements do not exceed IMC Chapter 4 s requirement of 0.06 CFM/SF2 and are supplanted by the IFC exceptions.

50 BARRELS SECTION 502 REQUIRED SYSTEMS General. An exhaust system shall be provided, maintained and operated as specifically required by this section and for all occupied areas where machines, vats, tanks, furnaces, forges, salamanders and other appliances, equipment and processes in such areas produce or throw off dust or particles sufficiently light to float in the air, or which emit heat, odors, fumes, spray, gas or smoke, in such quantities so as to be irritating or injurious to health or safety.

51 BARRELS The commentary clarifies the intent is to require the code official and designer to work together to design a system appropriate to the specific situation. SECTION 502 REQUIRED SYSTEMS General. An exhaust system shall be provided, maintained and operated as specifically required by this section and for all occupied areas where machines, vats, tanks, furnaces, forges, salamanders and other appliances, equipment and processes in such areas produce or throw off dust or particles sufficiently light to float in the air, or which emit heat, odors, fumes, spray, gas or smoke, in such quantities so as to be irritating or injurious to health or safety. FROM COMMENTARY Exhaust systems must be designed to collect and remove the contaminants This section is written in performance language and requires case-by-case evaluation by the designer and the code official to determine the quantity and type of contamination present, whether any action needs to be taken

52 BARRELS Using historic data for alcohol loss during time in cask (Angel s Share) we can demonstrate 0.06 CFM/SF 2 is more than adequate to exhaust the vapor faster than it accumulates to 25% of the LFL. Thereby addressing and mitigating contaminates. SECTION 502 REQUIRED SYSTEMS General. An exhaust system shall be provided, maintained and operated as specifically required by this section and for all occupied areas where machines, vats, tanks, furnaces, forges, salamanders and other appliances, equipment and processes in such areas produce or throw off dust or particles sufficiently light to float in the air, or which emit heat, odors, fumes, spray, gas or smoke, in such quantities so as to be irritating or injurious to health or safety. FROM COMMENTARY Exhaust systems must be designed to collect and remove the contaminants This section is written in performance language and requires case-by-case evaluation by the designer and the code official to determine the quantity and type of contamination present, whether any action needs to be taken

53 BARRELS 1 CFM/SF2 required where MAQs exceeded SECTION 502 EXHAUST SYSTEMS [F] Storage in excess of the maximum allowable quantities. Indoor storage areas and storage buildings for hazardous materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area [F] System requirements. Exhaust ventilation systems shall comply with all of the following: 2. Mechanical ventilation shall be provided at a rate of not less than 1 cfm per square foot [ m 3 /(s*m 2 )] of floor area over the storage area. 3. The systems shall operate continuously 4. A manual shutoff control shall be provided outside of the room labeled: VENTILATION SYSTEM EMERGENCY SHUTOFF. 5. For fumes or vapors that are heavier than air, exhaust shall be taken from a point within 12 inches (305 mm) of the floor. 6. The location of both the exhaust and inlet air openings shall be designed to provide air movement across all portions of the floor or room to prevent the accumulation of vapors. 7. The exhaust air shall not be recirculated to occupied areas

54 BARRELS

55 BARRELS SECTION 502 EXHAUST SYSTEMS [F] Hazardous materials general requirements. Exhaust ventilation systems for structures containing hazardous materials shall be provided as required in Sections through FROM COMMENTARY Chapter 50 of the IFC contains guidance for the storage, dispensing, use and handling of hazardous materials. Section of the IFC contains the same ventilation requirements as Sections and of the code. The Commentary indicates the IFC contains the same ventilation requirements. The IFC has no ventilation requirements for barrel storage because of the exceptions. Therefore, ventilation (exhaust) is NOT REQUIRED by of the IMC.

56 BARRELS SECTION 502 EXHAUST SYSTEMS [F] Hazardous materials general requirements. Exhaust ventilation systems for structures containing hazardous materials shall be provided as required in Sections through FROM COMMENTARY Chapter 50 of the IFC contains guidance for the storage, dispensing, use and handling of hazardous materials. Section of the IFC contains the same ventilation requirements as Sections and of the code. BUT, this assumption could be challenged. SECTION 102 APPLICABILITY [A] General. Where there is a conflict between a general requirement and a specific requirement, the specific requirement shall govern. Where, in a specific case, different sections of this code specify different materials, methods of construction or other requirements, the most restrictive shall govern.

57 BARRELS SECTION 502 EXHAUST SYSTEMS [F] Flammable and combustible liquids. Exhaust ventilation systems shall be provided as required by Sections Unless otherwise specified this section shall apply to any quantity of flammable and combustible liquids. Exception: This section shall not apply to flammable and combustible liquids that are exempt from the International Fire Code. FROM COMMENTARY: Minimum requirements for mechanical exhaust ventilation for inside areas in which flammable or combustible liquids are stored are contained in Section of the IFC and Section of the code. The use of natural ventilation as an alternative to mechanical ventilation is subject to approval by the code official (see commentary, Sections through ).

58 BARRELS IMC SECTION 510 HAZARDOUS EXHAUST SYSTEMS Where required. A hazardous exhaust system shall be required wherever operations involving the handling or processing of hazardous materials, in the absence of such exhaust systems and under normal operating conditions, have the potential to create one of the following conditions: 1. A flammable vapor, gas, fume, mist or dust is present in concentrations exceeding 25 percent of the lower flammability limit of the substance for the expected room temperature.

59 BARRELS SECTION 502 EXHAUST SYSTEMS [F] Flammable and combustible liquids. Section is specific to flammable and combustible liquids. Due to this specificity, it is the key article pertaining to our liquid. It specifically exempts liquids that are exempt in the IFC. Spirits in casks are exempt from ventilation requirements in the IFC. They are therefore exempt from exhaust requirements here in the IMC. Only the warehouse ventilation rate requirement still applies.

60 BARRELS Specialty Codes

61 STACKING METHODS DUNNAGE PALLETIZED ON END END STACKED STEEL RACKS WOOD RICKS PALLETIZED WINE RACK Storage over 6? High Piled Storage Requirements TOTES No Exception for Barrels High Hazard Commodity Class Smoke Vents Designated Piles & Aisles Access Doors

62 COMING SOON IFC CHAPTER 32 HIGH PILED COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE Barrels are not exempt from the requirements of this chapter. If your district is not using IFC, then similar requirements are found throughout various NFPA documents. Barrels are High Hazard Commodity and therefore, if stacked over 6 tall, are considered high piled Some additional building elements that may be required for HPCS include Smoke vents or ESFR (Early Suppression Fast Response) sprinklers Fire department access every 100. Draft curtains Designated aisles Watch for our next specialty presentation or webinar on this subject.

63 CURRENT RESEARCH Factory Mutual now FM Global, an insurance provider does testing to establish standards, has embarked on a new battery of tests for alcohol aging in barrels. Current testing points to doubling the sprinkler water volume required. They plan to do more testing so, if you have any spare barrels of spirit to donate to the cause it would be appreciated. ; ) More information on this as the story develops

64 Thank You! Scott & Colleen Moore Dalkita Architecture & Construction