6/23/ National Electrical Contractors Association and Intec, Inc.

Transcription

1 2012 National Electrical Contractors Association and Intec, Inc. 1

2 Palmer Hickman Director of Codes and Standards electrical training ALLIANCE Jim Dollard Safety IBEW 98 Objectives Explain why work should be done de energized Define qualified person Describe three circumstances when it is acceptable to work energized Identify and define the electrical shock boundaries Identify the basis for the arc flash boundary List at least five elements of an Energized Electrical Work (EEW) Permit 2

3 Energized vs. De energized Overview New Attitude on Electrical Safety Work Practices working hot or energized for convenience unacceptable. creation of an electrically safe work condition primary means of protection energized work must be justified Energized vs. De energized Overview Working energized can cause severe shock and arc flash injuries: severe burns scarring tissue death lost limbs blindness hearing loss and more 3

4 Energized vs. De energized Overview Working energized can cause expensive damage to property and equipment: Physical damage to equipment ($50,000 average) Project delays, loss of electrical power or service, and business interruption (about $85,000/incident ) Energized vs. De energized Overview Rules established for working safely: OSHA NFPA 70E 4

5 Energized vs. De energized Overview Enforcement: General Duty 5(a)(1) 29 CFR (a)(1)(i) Tort Liability Energized vs. De energized Decision or Justification OSHA and NFPA 70E prohibit working on energized circuits Few exceptions Exceptions must be reviewed at management/owner level with host employer 5

6 Energized vs. De energized Decision or Justification Justification Less Than 50 Volts Greater Hazard Infeasibility Energized vs. De energized Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Include the host Identify whether employees are qualified Conduct an electrical analysis 6

7 Energized vs. De energized Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Host/Contractor Responsibilities Host must inform of known hazards Contractor advise the host of hazard presented by work Equipment that should be labeled incident energy level minimum PPE requirements. Energized vs. De energized Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Qualified vs. Unqualified Qualified Person skills and knowledge related operation received safety training to recognize/avoid hazards Unqualified employee unfamiliar with a particular piece of equipment or installation 7

8 Energized vs. De energized Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Shock Hazard Analysis Energized vs. De energized Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Boundary Requirements Limited Approach Restricted Approach 8

9 Energized vs. De energized Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Arc Flash Risk Assessment Incident energy at the working distance PPE needed Point where the incident energy will not cause severe damage (second degree burns 1.2 cal/cm 2 ) Arc flash boundary independent of shock protection Energized vs. De energized Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Arc Flash Risk Assessment Formulas (IEEE 1584) NFPA 70E Tables NECA s NFPA 70E PPE Selector 9

10 Energized vs. De energized Electrical Energized Work (EEW) Permit EEW Permit Description of the circuit and equipment to be worked on and their location Justification for why the work must be performed in an energized condition Energized vs. De energized Electrical Energized Work (EEW) Permit EEW Permit Description of the safe work practices to be employed 10

11 Energized vs. De energized Electrical Energized Work (EEW) Permit EEW Permit Results of the shock risk assessment Energized vs. De energized Electrical Energized Work (EEW) Permit EEW Permit Results of the arc flash risk assessment Arc flash boundary Incident energy or PPE category PPE 11

12 Energized vs. De energized Electrical Energized Work (EEW) Permit EEW Permit Means employed to restrict the access of unqualified persons Energized vs. De energized Electrical Energized Work (EEW) Permit EEW Permit Evidence of completion of a job briefing 12

13 Energized vs. De energized Electrical Energized Work (EEW) Permit EEW Permit Energized work approval (signatures of the authorizing or responsible management, safety officer, and the client) Energized vs. De energized Electrical Energized Work (EEW) Permit Exemptions to Work Permit testing troubleshooting voltage measuring visual inspection 13

14 Energized vs. De energized Summary Working energized for convenience no longer acceptable Causes severe injury, equipment damage and production delays NFPA 70E and OSHA provide safety precautions/work practices Enforcement General Duty Clause 29 CFR (a)(1)(i) Tort Liability Energized vs. De energized Summary Exceptions to working energized Less Than 50 Volts Greater Hazard Infeasibility 14

15 Energized vs. De energized Summary Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Host/Contractor exchange information Identify qualified employees Perform shock risk assessment Perform arc flash risk assessment Energized vs. De energized Summary Prepare an Electrical Energized Work Permit which includes: Description of work Justification for working energized Description of safe work practices Results of shock risk assessment Results of arc flash risk assessment Means to restrict access of unqualified Evidence of job briefing Energized work approval 15

16 Energized vs. De energized Review Questions 1. Which of the following can occur when an arc flash occurs? a. pressure waves of up to 2160lbs/ft 3 b. temperatures of up to 35,000 o F c. sound levels of up to 141 db d. all of the above Energized vs. De energized Review Questions 2. Which of the following is possible justification for working energized based on infeasibility? a. replacing lamps b. when host employer tells you work must be done energized c. diagnostics and testing d. all of the above 16

17 Energized vs. De energized Review Questions 3. The distance from an exposed energized electrical conductor within which a shock hazard exists and no unqualified workers are allowed is the: a. arc flash boundary b. limited approach boundary c. qualification boundary d. none of the above Energized vs. De energized Review Questions 4. The approach limit at a distance from a prospective arc source within which a person could receive a second degree burn (incident energy is below 1.2 cal/cm2) is: a. arc flash boundary b. limited approach boundary c. restricted approach boundary d. none of the above 17

18 Energized vs. De energized Review Questions 5. Which of the following is NOT part of an Energized Electrical Work (EEW) Permit? a. results of the arc flash and shock hazard analysis b. number of individuals without power if de energization is used c. safe work practices d. signatures of authorizing management, safety officer and client 2012 National Electrical Contractors Association and Intec, Inc. 18

19 Resources 19

20 Objectives Identify how NFPA 70E defines an electrically safe work condition List the two forms of hazardous electrical energy control permitted by NFPA 70E Determine the appropriate form of control needed given a specific set of conditions Identify the procedures necessary for implementing a Lockout/Tagout Describe the differences between a simple and complex Lockout/Tagout Identify the steps in a Lockout/Tagout Removal An Overview LOTO = basic safety concept Directed by regulation and consensus standards OSHA NFPA 70E 20

21 An Overview Achieving an Electrically Safe Work Condition 1. Determine all possible sources of electrical supply 2. Interrupt the load current and open disconnecting device 3. Verify blades are fully open 4. Apply lockout/tagout 5. Use voltage detector to verify deenergization 6. Apply grounds as needed An Overview Deenergized Electrical Conductors or Circuit Parts That Have Lockout/Tagout Devices Applied Involve exposed employees Provide training Develop a plan Coordination with LOTO for other energy sources Audit procedures 21

22 An Overview Deenergized Electrical Conductors or Circuit Parts That Have Lockout/Tagout Devices Applied - LOTO devices unique and clearly identifiable not used for another purpose. operable only by individual who installed it - Tags suitable for purpose statement prohibiting operation / removal Hold card tagging tools acceptable An Overview Deenergized Electrical Conductors or Circuit Parts That Have Lockout/Tagout Devices Applied - Forms of Control Simple LOTO Complex LOTO 22

23 An Overview Temporary Protective Grounding Equipment Capable of conducting maximum fault Impedance low enough for operation of protective devices Meet ASTM F855 An Overview OSHA Standards The Control of Hazardous Energy Lockout and tagging of circuits Electric Power Generation, Transmission, And Distribution for General Industry and - Subpart V Power Transmission and Distribution General requirements - Subpart S Electrical

24 An Overview Comparing OSHA Standards compliant with if: a qualified person ensures tests tag alone plus additional safety measure - Follow procedures in applicable standards - Addressing performance based standards An Overview NFPA 70E Electrically Safe Work Condition A state in which an energized conductor or circuit part has been disconnected from the energized parts, locked/tagged in accordance with established standards, tested to ensure the absence of voltage and grounded if determined necessary. 24

25 LOTO PREPARATION 1. Review Company Written LOTO Plan. 2. Identify energy sources including stored energy. 3. Locate all disconnecting means and identify procedures to release stored energy. 4. Determine the means for verifying disconnection. 5. Identify workers affected or exposed 6. Ensure employees are trained LOTO PREPARATION 7. Identify appropriate voltage detector 8. Develop procedures for verifying tester 9. Determine need for grounding 10. Develop procedures for controlling energy 11. Coordinate LOTO with other energy control 25

26 Determine Simple Complex Purpose of lockout includes work to performed by qualified and unqualified persons Work involves multiple employees, crews, crafts and/or employers LOTO includes deenergizing more than one set of conductors or circuits Work will involves multiple locations, energy sources and/or different disconnecting means Job/task will extends to more than one work period SIMPLE LOTO PROCEDURE Step 1. Notify Personnel Affected employees Informed power will be off, reason and not to operate Responsible (qualified) Employee Informed of all energy sources and location including stored energy 26

27 SIMPLE LOTO PROCEDURE Step 2. Disconnect and Deenergize Interrupt load - Switches activated to turn off circuit or equipment Deenergize - Operate disconnecting means and verify disconnection SIMPLE LOTO PROCEDURE Step 3. Release Stored Energy Discharge electrical energy Release all other stored energy 27

28 SIMPLE LOTO PROCEDURE Step 4. Apply Locks and/or Tags Lock Use Exposed employees apply lock Tag Use Employees apply tag, sign tag Additional safety measure with Tag (Removal of an isolating circuit element, blocking controlling switch, opening extra disconnecting device, or removal of a valve SIMPLE LOTO PROCEDURE Step 5. Verification - Attempt to Operate 28

29 SIMPLE LOTO PROCEDURE Step 6. Verification - Test for the Absence of Voltage a) Select an appropriate voltage detector b) Inspect the voltage detector SIMPLE LOTO PROCEDURE Step 6. Verification - Test for the Absence of Voltage c) Verify proper operation of the voltage detector d) Test for voltage 29

30 SIMPLE LOTO PROCEDURE Step 6. Verification - Test for the Absence of Voltage e) Verify proper operation of voltage detector SIMPLE LOTO PROCEDURE Step 7. Apply Protective Grounds 30

31 SIMPLE LOTO PROCEDURE Step 8. Perform Work REMOVAL OF SIMPLE LOTO 1. Verify task complete 2. Remove tools and equipment 3. Remove grounds 4. Notify personnel 5. Perform quality tests/checks 6. Remove of locks and/or tags 7. Notify owner and return disconnect to operating condition 31

32 COMPLEX LOTO PROCEDURE Step 1. Identify a Person-in-Charge install or direct LOTO prepare written plan a) how energy controlled, b) ensures exposed understand hazards, c) method for accounting exposed/involved, d) transfer of LOTO e) communication accomplished. COMPLEX LOTO PROCEDURE Step 2. Prepare a written plan for this LOTO Sign in/out log for all personnel entering the area. Person-in-charge shall lock his/her key in a lock box. 32

33 COMPLEX LOTO PROCEDURE Step 3. Notify Personnel Affected Employees Informed power will be off, reason and not to operate Authorized Employees Informed of equipment/circuit locked/tagged and procedures COMPLEX LOTO PROCEDURE Step 4. Disconnect and Deenergize Interrupt load Switches activated to turn off circuit or equipment. Deenergize Operate disconnecting means and verify disconnection. 33

34 COMPLEX LOTO PROCEDURE Step 5. Release Stored Energy Discharge electrical energy Release all other stored energy COMPLEX LOTO PROCEDURE Step 6. Apply Locks and/or Tags Lock Use Exposed employee apply lock or accounted for by other means. Person in charge lock keys in box. Tag Use Employee apply tag, sign tag or accounted for by other means. Additional safety measure with Tag (Removal of isolating circuit element, blocking of controlling switch, opening of extra disconnecting device, or removal of valve handle) 34

35 COMPLEX LOTO PROCEDURE Step 7. Verification - Attempt to Operate COMPLEX LOTO PROCEDURE Step 8 Verification - Test for the Absence of Voltage a) Select an appropriate voltage detector. b) Inspect the voltage detector. 35

36 COMPLEX LOTO PROCEDURE Step 8 Verification Test for the Absence of Voltage c) Verify proper operation of voltage detector d) Test for voltage e) Verify proper operation voltage detector f) Use appropriate PPE COMPLEX LOTO PROCEDURE Step 9. Apply Protective Grounds 36

37 COMPLEX LOTO PROCEDURE Step 10. Perform Work REMOVAL OF COMPLEX LOTO 1. Verify task complete 2. Remove tools and equipment 3. Remove grounds 4. Notify personnel 5. Perform quality tests/checks 6. Remove of locks and/or tags 7. Notify owner and return disconnect to operating condition 37

38 Summary conductors or circuit parts must be placed in Electrically Safe Work Condition through an effective LOTO procedure NFPA 70E offers two forms of control Simple LOTO Complex LOTO Summary Simple and Complex depend on number of conductors, employees, crafts, locations, shifts Basic LOTO Steps include 1. Notification of employee 2. Disconnect and deenergize 3. Release of stored energy 4. Application of lock and/or tag 5. Verification 6. Test for Voltage 7. Application of grounds as needed 38

39 Summary Additional requirements for Complex LOTO Identify a Person-in-Charge Prepare a written plan Summary LOTO Removal 1. Verify task complete 2. Remove tools and equipment 3. Remove grounds 4. Notify personnel 5. Perform quality tests/checks 6. Remove of locks and/or tags 7. Notify owner/return to operation 8. Return to normal 39

40 Review Questions 1. Which of the following are required for an establishing an electrically safe work conditions a. Determine all possible sources of electrical supply b. Use voltage detector to verify deenergization c. both a and b Review Questions 2. When a tag is used in place of a lock, a. a variance to the regulation must be received b. an additional safety measure must be in place c. a tag may not be used in placed without a lock 40

41 Review Questions 3. Each of the following offers three steps in the LOTO sequence. Of the steps that are provided in a given response which are in the proper order? a. release stored energy, verify isolation and deenergization, attach locks b. release stored energy, attach locks or tag, verify absence of voltage c. verify isolation and deenergization, attach locks, locate and operate all isolating devices Review Questions 4. Which of the following is required in complex, but not a simple LOTO a. identification of a Person in Charge b. Application of grounds c. employee training 41

42 Review Questions 5. What is the first step to be performed in LOTO removal? a. Notify owner b. Verify task complete c. Remove of locks and/or tags 42

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