Why participate in standardization work?

Transcription

1 1 Why participate in standardization work? Morten Seljeskog / Morten.Seljeskog@sintef.no SINTEF Energi AS/SINTEF Energy Research, Kolbjørn Hejesvei 1a, 7465 TRONDHEIM Tel: / Cell: / Fax:

2 2 Background Small-scale solid fuel Gross biomass consumption: 15.6 TWh*, including biomass use in district heating. About 40% of the consumption is heat produced in wood stoves in private households 15% is biomass in district heating 25% is use of biomass for internal heating and drying in industries (mainly forest industries) 10% is use of biofuels in road transport. *Norway, 2013

3 3 Background Small-scale solid fuel No harmonized particle measuring method for wood burning appliances in Europe yet Outdated (1999) standards for wood burning appliances Particle emissions from the wood heating is widely regarded as a significant source of hazardous emissions Norway and the United Kingdom have had existing standards for measuring particles for several decades A plurality of national standards, test methods and labels have emerged to compensate for the outdated standard Meaning costly, confusing time-consuming approval process for the manufacturers

4 4 Background - Small-scale solid fuel Different methods in Europe Procedures and methods Emissions limits (PM, OGC, CO, NO x ) Norway and the United Kingdom use a dilution tunnel to measure condensed particles all over the combustion cycle at different burn rates Germany's most frequently used method VDI 2066 measures solid particles in the chimney with a heated filter for 15/30 min at the nominal heat output

5 The problem! 5

6 The problem! 6

7 The problem! 7

8 8 What is a European Standard? Standards are everywhere! A standard is a document that sets out requirements or describes in detail a particular method or procedure. Standards facilitate international trade > compatibility and interoperability of components, products and services. Bring benefits to businesses and consumers > reduce costs, enhance performance, improve safety. Standards are developed and defined through knowledge sharing and consensus building among technical experts including businesses, consumers and environmental groups, among others. EN (European Standard) standards normally become national standards - any conflicting national standard should be withdrawn. Standards are voluntary > no automatic legal obligation to apply them.

9 CEN, the European Committee for Standardization 9 CEN is a private, international, non-profit organization based in Brussels. CEN is one of three European standardization organizations Officially recognized by the EC and EFTA as being responsible for developing and defining voluntary standards at European level. The standardization activities of CEN are steered by the Technical Board (BT). Standards are prepared by Technical Committees (TCs). Working Groups (WGs) develop the standards(e.g. CEN/TC 295 WG5) experts, appointed by the CEN Members but speaking in a personal capacity, come together and develop a draft that will become the future standard.

10 CEN, the European Committee for Standardization, solid fuel standard 10 CEN started to develop standards for residential solid fuelburning appliances in 1992 through CEN/TC 295. In 1999 CEN/TC 295 approved the first European product standards on most commonly used residential solid fuelfired appliances. Since 2002 all CEN member countries have withdrawn their existing national standards giving requirements for construction, safety, heat output, efficiency and emissions. In 2000 TC 295 started new work to modify these four product standards into harmonized standards (hen) according to the rules of the EU Directive for Construction Products 8 yr 15 yr 2015

11 11 The big picture Norwegian Wood stove producers SP Fire Research Trondheim Accredited wood stove approval laboratory Standards Norway, NVE 334 Committees Mirror committee meetings/year: 2 Norwegian Environment Agency Requirements: Emissions & Methods Ecodesign, LOT20, The EU Ecodesign Directive establishes a framework under which manufacturers of energy-using products are obliged to reduce the energy consumption and other negative environmental impacts SINTEF Energy AS EN-PME-TEST, Fast working EC co-op project to speed up the CEN process Meetings/year: 2 General requirements and test methods CEN, European Committee for Standardization Technical Bodies:417 Subcommittees:54 Working groups:1616 EC CEN/TC 295 WG5 EC CEN/TC 295 WG6 EC CEN/TC 295 WG7 Meetings/year: 5-10

12 European Committee for Standardization: TC 295 Residential solid fuel burning appliances 12 The technical committee has the mandate to revise the standards and include harmonized measuring methods for particles, OGC, CO and NO x SINTEF participates in working groupe 5, 6 and 7

13 13 New series The existing standard EN 13240/ VDI 2066 will be replaced by a new test series One main part describing the general requirements and test methods Additional parts specific for the different types of appliances Residential solid fuel burning appliances Part 1: General requirements and test methods Residential solid fuel burning appliances Part 2-1: Roomheaters Residential solid fuel burning appliances Part 2-2: Inset appliances including open fires Residential solid fuel burning appliances Part 2-3: Cookers Residential solid fuel burning appliances Part 2-4: Independent boilers - Nominal heat output up to 50 kw Residential solid fuel burning appliances Part 2-5: Slow heat release appliances Residential solid fuel burning appliances Part 2-6: Pellet stoves

14 14 Working Group WG5 Test methods Shall include and coordinate harmonized test methods for all parameters for which tests are required WG5 was unable to agree on one sampling method for particles Decided that both heated filter and dilution tunnel method could be included as a temporary solution There is still a strong need to establish one harmonized method on the long term

15 Working Group WG6: Standard layout 15 In 2013, a new revised draft was on hearing Over 1000 comments were submitted on the part 1 Topics were it was not possible to agree on a problem are postponed to amendments A new draft with all discussed comments > completed in March 2015 Decide if the actual draft should be submitted to either final vote or second enquiry It is estimated that the hearings process will be completed in the fall of 2015 with the expected publishing June 2016 if it is going to final vote in March Afterwards starts the harmonization process The standards can be implement not earlier than 2017 It is suggested to include 2 to 3 years in the "transition state" (normal 1 year)

16 16 Norwegian comments Firing pattern and particle testing in Norway is different from heating and testing in other European countries Differences in building construction. New standard must be suitable for Scandinavian conditions and not result in emissions increase because the stoves are tested by European heating pattern. No testing at "low heat output" if required by the national law Fuel size should be determined by combustion chamber size and not declared by the manufacture to avoid misuse of the stove Moisture content in fuels should be more stringent 16-20% Test report should be more detailed and contain pictures, graphs, and other important parameter All countries should have the opportunity to use the DT method (not the only country that has used a dilution tunnel before)

17 17 Ecodesign After several failed agreements the Regulatory Committee came to an arrangement in October 2014 Directive 2009/125/EC on the Ecodesign of Energy-related products with the aim to increase the overall efficiency, minimize environmental impacts and remove trade barriers due to harmonized emission limits Energy saving of 41 PJ is expected for solid fuel local space heaters 27 kton/yr particulate matter (PM) 5 kton/yr OGC (condensed hydro-carbons) 399 kton/yr CO by 2030 The date to review the requirements was set to 22 August 2018 with an implementation date 1 January 2022

18 18 However. Three methods are still allowed for measuring PM emissions > almost same as before (14 becomes 15?) Ecodesign now contains a mix of methods and emission limits CEN proposed standard only contains methods and procedures but is not yet harmonized with Ecodesign At the moment the different methods are not related to a standard or technical document

19 Harmonizing standards, what to avoid! 19

20 20 So then how can SINTEF assist the manufacturers? Funding is much simpler than with NFR, ½ a page and: Vil bare bekrefte at du får pengene. Brev følger. Best, Nice Guy at Direktoratet for byggkvalitet Nice Dame at Norwegian Environment Agency

21 21 Success story A) CEN standardization part. Active participation resulted in several changes in the draft document Reference is made to the fact that national requirements (e.g. low heat output testing) can exist and must be followed until Ecodesign requirements enter into force All countries can use both methods Introduction and description of low heat output testing Emissions will not be converted between the methods as earlier suggested since there is no evidence that there is a true conversion factor Methods work independent of each other More detailed test report

22 22 Success story B) Norsk Kleber AS Weight : 535 kg Weight: 380/450 kg 2250 kg

23 23 Success story B) Norsk Kleber AS Existing standard: NS-EN Slow heat release appliances will be replaced as part 5 in the new standard series as EN , a new draft will be send out for enquiry in June Heat storage stove have a thermal storage capacity and the capability to slowly release the heat to the room Existing standard for such stoves requires them to keep the average surface temperature above a specific percentual drop after 4 hours Many products from Norsk Kleber have almost identical characteristics and are fired in the same manner but to do not manage the requirements SINTEF suggested to introduce a new class of slow heat release appliances with a storage capacity of 3 hours to cover light heat storage stoves Norsk Kleber: Less costly and simpler approval process

24 Success story C) 24

25 A less successful success story D) 25

26 26 Some CEN/TC 295 WG5-7 events Announcing the EN13240 on 4 th of June 1999, CEN headquarter, Brussels Election of the new WG chairman in 2000, Bremerhafen, 6 th of July Receiving guest visitor from Germany during the 2002 workshop in Poland Workshop , Capri, Italy, presentation of results from the EN-PMT-TEST project Information exchange seminar, Standards Norway headquarter, Oslo, Announcing the down voting of the new Ecodesign LOT20 standard July 2013