THE BASICS OF BUILDING FIRE PROTECTION DESIGN. RES Symposium April 18, 2017

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1 THE BASICS OF BUILDING FIRE PROTECTION DESIGN RES Symposium April 18, 2017

2 PRESENTER S BACKGROUND Ted Sherwood, PE, CFPS, LEED AP 5 years as a Code Enforcement Official and Division Head supervising all Construction Inspectors and performing Plan Reviews for the City of Rochester Building Bureau 125 HR Code Certificate required for New Building Officials 25 years of Fire Protection Design at Local National and International A&E firms Certified Fire Protection Specialist since 2000 Currently Lead Fire Protection Engineer & QA Engineer reviewing LaBella Associates Fire Protection Design across US Offices (NY, PA, OH, NC)

3 GOALS FOR THIS SESSION What we are going to cover Understand / Receive a Design Process For Fire Protection Systems in Buildings Learn Which Fire Protection Systems are in General Use and There Principles of Operation Understand which Codes Govern Fire Protection Systems Required Testing & Records Understand How to Determine What Fire Protection Systems are Required On Design Projects Free Codes Online Learn How to Evaluate a Water Supply The Alarm Side of Fire Protection Will Not Be Covered in this Presentation

4 FIRE PROTECTION ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS DETERMINE WHAT SYSTEMS ARE REQUIRED CREATE CONTRACT DRAWINGS PICK SYSTEM TYPE(S) DOWNLOAD & EDIT CSI SPECIFICATIONS EVALUATE WATER SYSTEM ESTIMATE WATER DEMAND (GPM & PRESSURE) FOR BUILDING CODE REVIEW OF APPLICABLE STANDARDS NFPA SECTIONS, OWNER, UNDERWRITER FOR SPECIFIC CASE DETERMINE WHICH TYPE OF BACKFLOW PREVENTION IS REQUIRED PERFORM HYDRAULICS (IF REQUIRED BY OWNER) OBTAIN QUALITY ASSURANCE REVIEW FROM SOMEONE IN ORGANIZATION HAVE AUTHORITY HAVING JURISDICTION (AND OWNER S UNDERWRITE IF APPLICABLE) REVIEW DRAWINGS REVIEW SUBMITTALS (HARDWARE / WORKING DRAWINGS / HYDRAULIC CALCULATIONS) ASK FOR CONTRACTOR S MATERIAL AND TEST CERTIFICATE FOR ABOVE GROUND PIPING FORM NFPA 13 AT END OF PROJECT

5 HOW TO DETERMINE WHAT FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS ARE REQUIRED ON YOUR PROJECT Current International Code Council (ICC) Building Codes $15

6 HOW TO DETERMINE WHAT FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS ARE REQUIRED ON YOUR PROJECT IBC USE Description (Example) OCCUPANCY A Assembly (Restaurants, Theaters, etc.) B Business (Offices, etc.) E Education (Schools) F Factory $15 H High Hazard (More Hazmat that shown in Table 307.1(1)) I Institutional (Assisted Living Facilities, Hospitals, Jails, etc.) M Mercantile (Stores) R Residential All Residential (Not Group I) S Storage U Utility (Agriculture and Misc., Also see Appendix C) Determine the IBC occupancy by asking Architect of Record rather than interpreting IBC yourself, where possible Ask Architect of Record if they want fire sprinklers for code benefits within their code (IBC) If project has work in existing building, the IEBC applies. Ask Architect of Record which compliance path they are using (alteration Level 1, 2, 3 change of occupancy, etc.), they are difficult to determine

7 HOW TO DETERMINE WHAT FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS ARE REQUIRED ON YOUR PROJECT Consider Owner s Standards (e.g. Sprinklers in all dorms in Universities) Find out if Owner has insurance underwriter and if underwriter has additional requirements such as factory mutual global $15 Determine what fire protection systems are required as a result of working through all the above

8 HOW TO EVALUTE A WATER SUPPLY Most Fire Protection Systems are Water Based Private Water Tank Regulated by NFPA 24 Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service mains and their Appurtenances

9 HOW TO EVALUTE A WATER SUPPLY A REASONABLE HYDRANT FLOW TEST!

10 HOW TO EVALUTE A WATER SUPPLY Corroded Water Man Piping Showing the Importance of having a Hydrant Flow Test completed

11 HOW TO EVALUTE A WATER SUPPLY Same Corroded Water Main Piping End View

12 HOW TO EVALUTE A WATER SUPPLY Hydrant Flow Test Consists of Field Readings to Determine 3 Numbers: 1. Water Pressure at No Flow (Static Pressure) in PSI 2. Water Pressure at Any Known Flow in PSI 3. The Flow at that Pressure in Gallons Per Minute When 3 Numbers are Known, They Can Be Plotted on Semilog Paper (Also Know as 1.85 Paper) DU6 From: Station o NFPA 13 o o o Online Calculator Online Semilog Graph Paper The Blank in NFPA 291 Testing and Marking Hydrants You Can Only Remove Water Down to 20 PSI or You May Damage the Main

13 DEVELOPING THE FIRE WATER DEMAND For Water Based Systems, Fire Water Demand Consists of the Pressure and Flow Required by NFPA 13, but Modeled, Worked Back, to the Same Point in the Water System where the Hydrant Flow Test is Taken Two Methods for Determining Fire Water Demand: 1. Estimate the Pressure and Flow Independently and Combine 2. Full Hydraulic Calculations as Prescribed by NFPA 13

14 HOW TO EVALUTE A WATER SUPPLY 1. Estimate of Pressure and Flow Method (Use with Caution Requires Experience and Engineering Judgement) Estimate the GPM Flow: Look up the Hazard in NFPA 13 The GPM Required = [(gpm/ft 2 ) x ft 2 ] + [Waste %] + [Hose] Estimate Pressure Loss in PSI from Sprinklers Back to the Hydrant Flow Test Location. Use GPM Flow Developed above. Include the Following: Required Pressure to the Sprinklers Per NFPA 13 Safety Factor (10% or 10 PSI) Pressure Loss due to Height of Highest Sprinkler Pressure Loss to Friction in Building Piping Pressure Loss from Alarm Valve and Shutoff Valve(s) Pressure Loss from Backflow Preventer and Water Service Pressure Loss from Site Piping

15 HOW TO EVALUTE A WATER SUPPLY 2. Full Hydraulic Calculations as Prescribed by NFPA 13 o Sprinkcad by Tyco Inc. o Hass by HRS Systems Inc. o Auto Spink by MEP CAD Inc. The Resulting Estimate or Calculation of the GPM Flow and Pressure Low must be Plotted on the 1.85 Graph Paper and Be Under the Water System Curve (The Straight Line at the Top of the Graph) If Water Demand Point is Above the System Curve, You Do Not Have Enough Pressure and Flow to Design Code Compliant Protection System(s)

16 WHAT ARE THE BASIC FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS? Wet Pipe System WET PIPE SYSTEM RISER Note: Fire Department connection at the left. It bypasses most things that might go wrong. It is for the fire department to add water

17 WHAT ARE THE BASIC FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS? Wet Pipe System Delivers Water on Fire When Heat Boils the Glycol Mix in the Sprinkler Head and Glass Blub Explodes WET PIPE ALARM VALVE RETARD CHAMBER TRIM Delivers water on a fire when heat boils the glycol mix in the sprinkler head and the glass explodes

18 WHAT ARE THE BASIC FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS? Wet Pipe System How a wet pipe alarm valve with retard chamber opens, retards the alarms, delivers water to the fire and is drained

19 WHAT ARE THE BASIC FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS? Dry Pipe System Enables Water Based Suppression Where the Hazard Area is Below Freezing An air compressor (or nitrogen supply) is required to hold the valve closed and keep the water from freezing (below) Dry Piper Rise (top left) Wet Pipe Rise (top right) Full of air from the dry pipe value to the cold spaces

20 WHAT ARE THE BASIC FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS? Pre action System Helps Prevent Accidental Discharge or Water if a Head is Accidently Broken Takes two events to deliver water on the fire o o Heat on sprinkler head (s) to boil the glycol mix Electronic detection to pull the soleniod

21 WHAT ARE THE BASIC FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS? Clean Agent System Enables Protection of Mission Critical Equipment and Expensive Capital Equipment Typical Room Layout Liquid to Gas Discharge Pattern Halo Carbon Based Clean Agent Tanks, Dupont Novec 1230

22 WHAT ARE THE BASIC FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS? Hose Standpipes Enables Fighting a Fire in a Mid Rise Building Without Dragging the Hose Around and Around the Stairway

23 WHAT ARE THE BASIC FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS? Dry Chemical at for Gas Station Canopy Direct Application CO2 System Foam Deluge Foam Water Sprinkler Prevents a River of Fire in a Fuel Fire

24 WHEN DO YOU NEED A HOSE STANDPIPE?

25 WHEN DO YOU NEED A FIRE PUMP? Fire Pump, Skid Mounted, Diesel Drive Fire Pump, Skid Mounted, Electric Drive

26 WHEN DO YOU NEED A FIRE PUMP? Fire Pump is needed when the demand point is below the system line Fire pumps only come in listed sizes which can cause them to draw a larger GPM than the real demand point from the main Fire pumps must be run at 150% of their listed GPM capacity during the acceptance test This may draw 1.5 times the listed GPM from the main At Churn (aka deadhead) the max pressure is 1.4 times the Design Pressure

27 REQUIRED TESTING AND RECORDS BY OWNER From: NFPA 25: Table Summary of Sprinkler System Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance

28 REQUIRED TESTING AND RECORDS BY OWNER From NFPA 25: Table Summary of Fire Pump Inspections, Testing, and Maintenance

29 FREE ONLINE CODES Due to Veeck vs. Southern Building Code Congress International, a Federal Court Case in Louisiana in 2002, Building Codes Required by Law Must be Free CODE WRITING GROUP City of Rochester ICC NFPA Ohio AVAILABLE CODES LINK TO FREE CODE AT THIS WRITING DIRECTIONS 39 Building Code 54 Fire Code IBC IFC IEBC ALL NFPA CHAPTERS: 13 Sprinklers 14 Hose Standpipes 20 Fire Pumps 2001 Clean Agent 17 Dry Chemical 24 Private Water Supplies 16 Foam Systems 409 Aircraft Hangars 12 CO 2 IBC IFC IEBC Codes.html and standards/allcodes and standards/list of codes andstandards?mode=code&code=13&tab=editions Codes.html 1. Go to Link at Left 2. Click on the Book you Want 1. Go to Link at Left 2. Click on the Book You Want 3. Select the Chapter $15 1. Go to the Link at the Left 2. Click on the Section You Want 3. Current and Prior Additions Tab 4. Pick the Reference Standard Version (Date) You Need 5. Click on the View the Document Online Link 1. Go to the Link at Left 2. Click on the State You Want 3. Click on the Book You Want 4. Select the Chapter

30 TEST QUESTIONS 1 2 WHICH PART OF THE ICC CODES OF 2015 ADDRESSES ALTERATIONS TO BUILDINGS? THE INTERNATIONAL EXISTING BUILDING CODE MOST FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS ARE BASED. WATER 3 THE FIRE DEPARTMENT CONNECTION ON A FIRE SPRINKLERS SYSTEM IS USED FOR. ADDING WATER 4 5 ON A NEW BUILDING, A HOSE STANDPIPE SYSTEM IS REQUIRED IF THE HIGHEST OCCUPIED FLOOR IS MORE THAN FEET ABOVE THE LEVEL OF FIRE FIGHTER ACCESS. 30 WHAT NFPA SECTION REGULATES OWNER TESTING? NFPA 25

31 QUESTIONS