WSA120: New Energy Codes and Lighting Controls

Transcription

1 WSA120: New Energy Codes and Lighting Controls Member Since AIA/CES Learning Units (HSW) Partner Since 1998 Brought to you by WattStopper Today s Presenter: Joe McGrath

2 Learning Objectives Review codes: importance, drivers, types New lighting control requirements for ASHRAE 90.1 and IECC. Applications examples Energy codes: the future.

3 Why bother? Future Energy Questions Uncertain supply Bulk of country s energy comes from petroleum-based products Capacity constraints Cost and Environmental impact to build new power plants Environmental Concerns Sustainable Building Designs LEED Dark Sky

4 United States Energy Use Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2010

5 What are Energy Codes? Subset of building codes Do not exist to protect building occupants in the same way that building codes protect individuals from substandard living and/or working conditions. Lock in minimum building energy efficiencies standard for design and construction of structures. Source:

6 What Do Building Energy Codes Cover? Building Envelope Mechanical Service Water Heating Electrical Power Lighting Source: U.S. Department of Energy.

7 Energy Codes - Individual State Acceptance Levels Methods states use for implementing energy codes 1. Most states adopt, in entirety, one of the national energy codes (i.e. ASHRAE 90.1, IECC) 2. Some states develop their own energy codes 3. Some states adopt one of the national energy codes and then add state-specific amendments.

8 Energy Code Benefits Source: U.S. Department of Energy.

9 Codes and the Building Process Source: U.S. Department of Energy.

10 Primary Energy Codes National Energy Codes ASHRAE Standard , 2001, 2004, 2007, 2010 IECC 2003, 2004s, 2006, 2009, 2012 State Codes California Washington City Codes Seattle Albuquerque

11 Where do energy codes come from? In United States created in response to the energy and economic crises of the 1970s 1978 Congress passed legislation requiring states to initiate energy efficiency standards for new buildings 1992 Energy Policy Act (EPact) states must review and consider adopting national model energy standard Source:

12 ASHRAE Energy Code Status (Commercial) Status as of Feb 3, 2012 Source:

13 DOE and ASHRAE July 2011 DOE issued determination 2007 version saves more energy than 2004 version (3.7%) States have until July, 2013 to file certification that energy code meets or exceeds 2007 version October DOE issued determination 2010 version saves more energy than 2007 version (18.2%) States have until October, 2013 to file certification that energy code meets or exceeds 2010 version

14 IECC Energy Code Status

15 Energy Savings Resulting from Energy Codes (Std. 90A-1980 as baseline) IECC 2006 Std IECC 2012 Std

16 Energy Code Compliance Methods Two compliance methods: Prescriptive method (most common) A structure must be built to prescribed values in the code. Performance method A structure is allocated an energy budget and can use different combinations of values and efficiencies to meet this budget. The overall energy performance of the structure, and not the individual components, is what matters.

17 Energy Codes and Lighting Controls ASHRAE Standard 90.1 & International Energy Conservation Code (IECC)

18 Overview - ASHRAE 90.1 & IECC ASHRAE 90.1 IECC / /2009 Energy Code Power Section 8 Lighting Section 9 Section 9 Electrical Power & Lighting Systems Section C405 Section 505 Note: IECC references ASHRAE 90.1 as an alternative compliance path

19 Threshold for triggering code compliance ASHRAE Section /2007 Section Section C IECC 2006/2009 Section New Construction Alterations > 10% of connected lighting load Alterations > 50% of connected lighting load (2009)

20 Automatic Lighting Shutoff ASHRAE 90.1 IECC 2010 Section /2007 Section Section C /2009 Section C Required in all spaces Required in buildings > 5,000 sq ft Scheduled shutoff (time of day) (automatic time switch control device) Occupancy Sensors Signal from another control or alarm system (such as BAS) Exceptions Lighting used for 24 hr operation Automatic shutoff endangers safety/security Spaces providing patient care Sleeping unit

21 Additional Control ASHRAE 90.1 IECC Controls installed to meet space control, automatic lighting shutoff, and sidelighted daylighting control requirements Exceptions Public areas (corridors, stairwells, restrooms, primary building entrances, lobbies) Areas where manual-on operation would endanger the safety/security of the room or building occupants Sleeping units Spaces where patient care provided Spaces where automatic shutoff would endanger occupant safety/security Lighting intended for continuous operation 2010 Section Manual-on or auto-on to < 50% 2004/ Section C / 2009 Space Controls = manual device + automatic time switch or occ sensor + daylighting zone control (some enclosed spaces require manual-on or auto-on to < 50%)

22 Space Control ASHRAE 90.1 IECC 2010 Section /2007 Section Section C /2009 Section At least one control device needs to independently control the general lighting in enclosed spaces (switch or occ sensor) (switch or occ sensor) (switch) (switch) Exceptions Areas designated as security or emergency areas required to be continuously lighted Egress lighting in stairways or corridors

23 Space Control (cont.) ASHRAE 90.1 IECC Must turn lighting off automatically within 30 minutes after last occupant leaves in the following spaces: 2010 Section (time switch or occ sensor) 2004/2007 Section Section C (occ sensor manual-on or autoon to < 50%) Classrooms 2006/2009 Lecture halls Conference and meeting rooms Training rooms Employee lunch and break rooms Storage and supply rooms Janitorial closet All spaces < 300 sq ft enclosed by ceiling height partitions (between sq ft) Rooms used for document copying and printing Offices (< 250 sq ft) Restrooms Dressing, locker, and fitting rooms (100% auto-on allowed)

24 Maximum Control Zones ASHRAE 90.1 IECC 2010 Section /2007 Section Section C /2009 Section Max control zone 2500 sq ft for spaces 10,000 sq ft or less OR 10,000 sq ft for spaces greater than 10,000 sq ft 2500 sq ft for spaces 10,000 sq ft or less OR 10,000 sq ft for spaces greater than 10,000 sq ft 5,000 sq ft 5,000 sq ft Max override time 2 hrs (time-of-day schedule) 4 hrs (time-of-day schedule) 2 hrs 2 hrs

25 Best Applications - Scheduling High usage areas with regular schedules Open offices Retail Outdoor lighting Hallways Common areas Benefits Allows day-of-week programming Holiday scheduling

26 Best Applications - Occupancy Sensors High usage areas with irregular schedules Private offices Classrooms Conference rooms Lunch/break rooms Restrooms Benefits Increased energy savings above scheduling strategies Simple to set up Cost effective

27 Best Applications - Time Switch Limited usage areas Supply/storage closets Outdoor sports facilities Benefits Inexpensive Manual activation with automatic-off

28 Light Level Reduction ASHRAE 90.1 IECC Enclosed spaces have uniform light level reduction of connected lighting load 2010 Section / Section C /2009 Section (30-70%) (50%) (50%) Exceptions Spaces with only one luminaire (<100W) (<100W) Areas controlled by occupancy sensor Corridors, storerooms, restrooms, & public libraries Equipment rooms, electrical & mechanical rooms (electrical/ mechanical) Sleeping units Space with LPD <0.6W/sq ft <0.6W/sq ft <0.6W/sq ft Daylit spaces with automatic daylighting control

29 Lighting Control in Daylit Zones ASHRAE 90.1 IECC 2010 Section & / Section C & C /2009 Section Threshold for triggering daylit zone requirements (lighting in daylit zones in enclosed spaces must be controlled separately from general lighting in the space) Sidelit: > 250 sq ft; skylit: > 900 sq ft Sidelit & skylit w/ > 2 fixtures Sidelit & skylit w/ > 2 fixtures (2009) Exception Retail spaces Manual daylighting requirements Triggered based on fenestration and skylight area Threshold for triggering automatic daylight control requirements Same as above Triggered based on increased fenestration and skylight area Automatic daylighting controls must be multilevel (one control step b/w 50-70% design power and second control step < 35%) (continuous dimming to < 35% or stepped dimming with one control step b/w 50-70% design power and second control step < 35% Separate switching of sidelit and skylit daylit zones When skylight is > 15 from the perimeter When skylight is > 15 from the perimeter (2009)

30 Lighting Control in Daylit Zones (cont.) ASHRAE 90.1 IECC / Section C / 2009 Daylight control zone cannot exceed 2500 sq ft One control device can control contiguous daylight zones adjacent to vertical fenestration when the zone includes < 2 adjacent orientations (north, south, east, west) Skylit areas require at least one multi-level lighting control that controls the lighting in the daylit zone separately from general lighting and reduces the lighting power in the daylit zone in response to available daylight When areas with multi-level lighting controls are receiving daylight illuminance levels greater than the illuminance from the controlled lighting when no daylight is available the controlled power consumption must be < 35% of the rated power of the controlled lighting Light sensor must be remote from where the calibration adjustments are made and calibration adjustments must be readily accessible (automatic daylighting control) (2009) (multi-level lighting control)

31 Parking Garage Lighting Control ASHRAE 90.1 IECC Automatic shutoff using scheduled basis control device, occupancy sensor that turns lighting off within 30 minutes or a signal from another control or alarm system Automatically reduce lighting power of each luminaire by at least 30% when there is no activity in a lighting zone (3,600 sq ft or less) for < 30 minutes Daylight transition zone lighting separately controlled to automatically turn lighting on during daylight hours and off at sunset Automatically reduce luminaires in response to daylight within 20 ft of any perimeter wall structure Exceptions Daylight transition zones and ramps without parking are exempt from 30% reduction and wall ratio requirements Applications using HID of 150 watts or less or Induction lamps are exempt from 30% reduction requirements 2010 Section / / 2009

32 Exterior Lighting Control ASHRAE 90.1 IECC Exterior lighting automatically turned off when sufficient daylight available or when not required during nighttime hours Building façade and landscape lighting All other exterior lighting, including advertising signage All building grounds lighting that operate at 100W must have lamps with minimum efficacy of 60 lumens/w unless controlled by a motion sensor 2010 Section (when sufficient daylight available) Automatically shutoff between midnight or business closing (whichever is later) and 6am or business opening (whichever is earlier) Automatically reduce by 30% b/w midnight or within 1 hour of business closing and 6am or business opening OR during any period when no activity has been detected for < 15 min 2004/2007 Section & Section C / 2009 Section & (2006)

33 Exterior Lighting Control (cont.) ASHRAE 90.1 IECC Lighting not designated for dusk-to-dawn operation controlled by either: / Section C /2009 Photosensor and time switch or (2007) (2009) Astronomical time switch Dusk-to-dawn lighting controlled by either: Astronomical time switch or Photosensor

34 Guest Room Lighting ASHRAE 90.1 IECC Rooms in hotels and motels must have one or more control devices at the entry door that collectively controls all permanently installed luminaires and switched receptacles 2010 Section /2007 Section Section C /2009 Section Exception bathrooms Suites must have controls at the entry to each room or at the primary entry to the suite Bathrooms must have a control device to automatically turn off bathroom lighting except for nightlighting not exceeding 5W within 60 minutes of the occupant leaving the space

35 Stairwell Lighting ASHRAE 90.1 IECC Automatically reduce lighting power in any one controlled zone by at least 50% within 30 minutes of all occupants leaving that zone 2010 Section /2007 Section /2009

36 Automatic Receptacle Control ASHRAE 90.1 IECC Automatic shutoff of 50% of all receptacles in private offices, open offices, and computer classrooms via: Scheduled shutoff Occupancy sensor that receptacles off within 30 minutes following non-occupancy of space Signal from another control system Exceptions Receptacles dedicated to equipment with 24-hour operation Spaces where automatic shutoff would endanger the safety/security of occupants 2010 Section / / 2009

37 Additional Efficiency Requirement ASHRAE / 2007 IECC 2012 Section C / 2009 Must comply with one of the following: Efficient HVAC performance Efficient lighting system requiring a reduced lighting power density + automatic daylighting control in specific space types On-site supply of renewable energy

38 System Commissioning ASHRAE 90.1 IECC 2010 Section / Section C / 2009 Perform functional testing Confirm acceptable performance of the placement, sensitivity, and time-out adjustments for occupancy sensors Confirm time switches and programmable schedule controls are programmed to turn the lights off Confirm placement and sensitivity adjustments of photosensors reduce electric light in the space as specified Submit documentation certifying performance

39 Future of Energy Codes Movement from prescriptive criteria to real building performance metrics Inclusion of all building energy use including plug and process loads Increasing scope to include commissioning and annual verification of compliance with outcome-based metrics Limitations on peak demand capability, increasing need for more responsive building controls Alignment of codes, standards, labels, ratings, etc under an outcome-based metric Source:

40 Energy Codes Reach Codes are on the rise ASHRAE Published in 2010 Design of High Performance Green Buildings Provides a total sustainability package International Green Construction Code (IgCC) Launched in March 2011 Intent to provide a broad-reaching set of building codes that are stronger and more sustainable then existing codes CALGreen Effective January 1, 2011 in California More stringent code requiring certain sustainability and ecological standards

41 Code Summary Lighting Controls Required in more buildings Daylighting mandatory More spaces require sensors Stairwells Parking garages Manual-on or Auto-on 50% Plug load control