AHCA Seminar: Inspecting and Maintaining Swinging Egress and Fire Door Assemblies

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1 AHCA Seminar: Inspecting and Maintaining Swinging Egress and Fire Door Assemblies Today s Speakers Joseph A. Glaski, MBA, FASHE 20+ years as Director/VP of Facilities and Engineering Currently Director of Healthcare Services, Brand Services 4 years Member of Just Ask ASHE JAA Member of ASHE s E learning Center for FM101 CHFM Past President Elect and served as Secretary for ASHE Chapter HFMSNJ NFPA Technical Committee member Building Fire and Life Safety Director Keith E. Pardoe, FDAI, DAHC, CDC More than 30 years in the door and hardware industry Actively participates in the NFPA Code and Standard Development process Current Chair of NFPA Technical Committee on Fire Doors and Windows Independent Consultant 2 Topics we ll be covering Overview of 2 day Course: Inspecting and Maintaining Swinging Egress and Fire Door Assemblies Basic code requirements for swinging egress and fire doors NFPA 80 and NFPA 101 Fundamental door operation Fire doors need to close and latch reliably Egress doors need to allow people to exit safely 3 Rights Reserved. Page: 1

2 Door Safety Doctrine Properly maintaining swinging doors, protects people at all times. 4 Inspecting and Maintaining Swinging Doors in Your Facility Where do you begin? Up to date Life Safety Plans (LSPs) Fire barriers and partitions Smoke barriers and partitions Building areas subject to existing construction (under NFPA 101) Correct terminology Who can perform these safety inspections? Properly trained in house personnel Third party inspectors 5 Top Ten Rules and Questions for Swinging Door Assemblies Top Ten Rules for Maintaining Swinging Door Assemblies Top Ten Questions to Ask When Selecting Door Assembly Components 6 Rights Reserved. Page: 2

3 Handbook Page: 67 Inspection and Testing Requirements Where Do You Start? Locate and identify the doors subject to safety inspections Life safety plans (aka, drawings) Architectural floor plans and door schedules Detailed door hardware schedules Assign unique identifier codes (aka, door numbers) to each door assembly Door number Bar codes Initial assessment is needed to determine Door Usage Type and Category, Monitoring frequency and Door Maintenance Priority Level. 7 Inspection and Testing Requirements Handbook Page: 68 What Needs to be Inspected and Tested on Doors? NFPA 80 requires new and existing swinging door assemblies to be subject to the same safety inspections and testing. Existing door assemblies should be inspected with the versions of the codes that were applicable at the time of installation in mind. 8 Inspection and Testing Requirements Who is Allowed to Perform These Inspections? NFPA 80 requires qualified persons NFPA definition of Qualified Person: A person who, by possession of a recognized degree, certificate, professional standing, or skill, and who, by knowledge, training, and experience, has demonstrated the ability to deal with the subject matter, the work, or the project. Handbook Page: 68 9 Rights Reserved. Page: 3

4 Handbook Page: 69 Inspection and Testing Requirements Who is Allowed to Perform These Inspections? NFPA 101 requires knowledgeable persons Knowledgeable Person is a lower standard than Qualified Person In both cases, safety inspections of door assemblies can be performed by inhouse personnel, provided they meet the above standards. Code officials need to have confidence in the persons performing these safety inspections. 10 Inspection and Testing Requirements How Often are Safety Inspections Needed? At a minimum, safety inspections are required on an annual basis. Once every 12 months, unless working under the Performance Based Option Handbook Page: 69 NFPA 80 s, NFPA 101 s, and NFPA 105 s inspections can be performed simultaneously. 11 Inspection and Testing Requirements How can You be Sure You are Going About Inspection and Testing Correctly? Seek out appropriate training for your team. Learn the code requirements that affect your door assemblies. Pay attention to the applications of egress and fire doors in your building they are unlikely to change. Refer to the Top 10 Rules for Maintaining Swinging Door Assemblies Refer to the Top 10 Questions to Ask When Selecting Door Assembly Components Gather and organize component specific information in your reference library. Research local resources (e.g., suppliers and industry experts). Work with code officials, show them your documented door maintenance program. Handbook Page: Rights Reserved. Page: 4

5 Handbook Page: 70 Inspection and Testing Requirements What Tools are Needed for Performing Safety Inspections of Door Assemblies? Inspection forms and/or software Digital cameras The Door Gap Gauge Spring force gauges Inspection mirrors with extension handles Bright flashlights Magnets Door wedges/chocks for temporarily holding doors open during inspections 13 Inspection and Testing Requirements Other tools needed for performing routine maintenance work on door assemblies: Screwdrivers (manual) with the appropriate sized drive types Allen wrenches Corded and cordless drills and screw guns (with the appropriate bits) and 1/4 20 taps for tapping holes in hollow metal door frames and doors (other sizes of taps might be needed). Ratchet and socket sets Bubble and laser levels PLS Frameset tool Step ladders and carts Handbook Page: Basic Function of Swinging Fire Door Assemblies Fire rated doors with self closing operation must: Swing easily and freely Close completely Latch positively Handbook Page: 20 Fire rated doors must close and latch reliably (see Rule #9), which is why they need to be maintained in working condition, monitored, and inspected on a regular basis. 15 Rights Reserved. Page: 5

6 Basic Hardware Components for Fire Rated Doors Hinges and pivots Conventional hinges Full mortise (e.g., 5 and 3 knuckle designs) Steel or stainless steel Ball bearing or anti friction bearing Handbook Page: 20 Continuous hinges Geared aluminum (labeled) Pin and Barrel stainless steel (labeled) Offset pivots Labeled 16 Basic Hardware Components for Fire Rated Doors Self closing device Surface mounted door closers Concealed in floor door closers Concealed overhead door closers Spring hinges (labeled) Handbook Page: 20 May be omitted on inactive leaves of paired doors in unoccupied rooms and spaces, and on communicating doors in hotel/motel guestrooms where permitted by Code Officials. 17 Basic Hardware Components for Fire Rated Doors Positive latching hardware device Mortise and bored locks and latches Fire exit hardware devices Automatic and self latching flush bolts Manual flush bolts Surface mounted bolts Handbook Page: Rights Reserved. Page: 6

7 Basic Hardware Components for Fire Rated Doors Rule #2 Only components that are labeled and/or listed for use on fire rated door assemblies can be installed on fire doors, in accordance with their individual published listing. Every component installed on fire door assemblies is required to be labeled and/or listed for use on fire doors, no matter how inconsequential a component might be. 19 What s the Difference Between Self Closing and Automatic Closing Doors? Self closing doors are intended to be kept closed at all times. Return to the closed position and latch every time they are opened. Handbook Page: 20 Automatic closing doors are designed to be held open. Upon loss of power or smoke/fire detection, doors are released and become self closing. Return to the closed position and latch when they close. 20 Handbook Page: 73 NFPA 80 s Inspection and Testing Requirements NFPA 80 (2016) Section 5.2.3, Acceptance Testing and Section Swinging Doors with Builders Hardware or Fire Door Hardware 21 Rights Reserved. Page: 7

8 NFPA 80 s Inspection and Testing Requirements Preparing for the Initial Inspection and Testing Handbook Page: 73 Every door assembly needs to have a unique identifier code. Complete maintenance work on doors before performing safety inspections. Initial safety inspections will be time consuming subsequent inspections will go faster. 22 NFPA 80 s Inspection and Testing Requirements Labels are clearly visible and legible. Information printed on the labels is essential for a complete and accurate assessment of fire door assemblies. Refer to Rules #2, #3, #5, and #8 when looking for labels and markings on door assembly components. No open holes or breaks in surfaces of either the door or frame. Unfilled fastener holes, missing door silencers/mutes, delamination of door faces and veneers, separation of edge seams, etc. Missing hardware reinforcements, improperly repaired holes 23 NFPA 80 s Inspection and Testing Requirements Glass, vision light frames, and glazing beads are intact and securely fastened. Clear wire glass and other fire protection rated and fire resistance rated glazing materials. Subject to maximum area tested by door and frame manufacturer. Securely fixed to door. Complete and undamaged Cutting and notching of vision lights for fire exit hardware devices is not permitted. Signage attached to glass and glazing Not permitted to be applied to fire protection rated glass and glazing. 24 Rights Reserved. Page: 8

9 Handbook Page: 78 Clear Wire Glass in Swinging Fire Doors 25 Handbook Page: 79 Marking of Fire Rated Glass and Glazing 26 NFPA 80 s Inspection and Testing Requirements The door, frame, hinges, hardware, and noncombustible threshold are secured, aligned, and in working condition with no visible signs of damage. No parts are missing or broken Each door assembly component needs to be complete, in accordance with its published listing. Missing cover plates, end caps, and escutcheons. Missing fasteners every fastener hole needs to be filled with the correct fastener. 27 Rights Reserved. Page: 9

10 NFPA 80 s Inspection and Testing Requirements Door clearances do not exceed clearances listed on and Clearances between door frames and doors. Clearances between meeting edges of paired doors. Clearance under bottom edges of doors and the floor, threshold, or sill. 28 Handbook Page: Handbook Page: Rights Reserved. Page: 10

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12 Handbook Page: Handbook Page: NFPA 80 s Inspection and Testing Requirements The self closing device is operational; that is, the active door closes when operated from the full open position. This is a test of the closing device only. Fire rated doors must close and positively latch reliably when opened to ANY position. 36 Rights Reserved. Page: 12

13 NFPA 80 s Inspection and Testing Requirements If a coordinator is installed, the active leaf closes before the active leaf. Latching hardware operates and secures the door when it is in the closed position. Mortise and Bored Locks and Latches Automatic, Constant Latching, and Manual Flush and Surface Bolts Fire Exit Hardware Devices Strikes and Strike Plates Less Bottom Bolt and Less Bottom Rod Applications Thermal/Fire Pins 37 Handbook Page: NFPA 80 s Inspection and Testing Requirements Auxiliary hardware items that interfere or prohibit operation are not installed on the door or frame. Kick down door holders Wood and rubber wedges/chocks Other manually operated hold open devices (e.g., wall or floor mounted door stops/holders) 39 Rights Reserved. Page: 13

14 NFPA 80 s Inspection and Testing Requirements No field modifications to the door assembly have been performed that void the label. Look for telltale signs of modifications to the door frames and doors Uneven and ragged edged cutouts Oversized cutouts Unusual screws and fasteners Unusual components attached to the door frames and doors. Repairing damage from unauthorized field modification work needs to be completed in compliance with NFPA 80 s requirements. In some cases, you might be better served by replacing the damaged door assembly component. 40 NFPA 80 s Inspection and Testing Requirements Meeting edge protection, gasketing and edge seals, where required, are inspected to verify their presence and integrity. NFPA 80 does not require gasketing to be installed on fire rated doors. When other codes require gasketing, NFPA 80 requires it to be installed in accordance with its published listings, and it needs to be maintained in working condition. 41 NFPA 80 s Inspection and Testing Requirements Handbook Page: 98 Signage affixed to the door meets the requirements listed in Average maximum size is approximately 150 in 2 (e.g., for a 36 in x 84 in door) Must be attached to the doors with adhesive; screws, nails, or other penetrating fasteners are NOT permitted. Signage cannot be applied to fire protection rated glass and glazing materials 42 Rights Reserved. Page: 14

15 NFPA 80 Operational Testing Requirements Self Closing Automatic Closing Power Operated Doors Handbook Page: 98 Test closing by all means of operation. 43 Inspection and Maintenance Reports and Records NFPA 80 requires fire rated door assemblies to be inspected and tested upon completion of maintenance work. Acceptance testing process and records. Maintenance reports and records. 44 NFPA 101 s Inspection and Testing Requirements Doors equipped fire exit hardware and panic hardware Handbook Page: 103 Door assemblies installed in exit enclosures Stair tower doors, door in areas of refuge Electrically Controlled Egress Doors Doors with Special Locking Arrangements Delayed Egress Locking Systems Access Controlled Egress Door Assemblies Elevator Lobby Exit Access Door Locking Systems 45 Rights Reserved. Page: 15

16 Where are NFPA 101 s Safety Inspections Required? Apartment Buildings Assembly Occupancies* Business Occupancies Day Care Occupancies* Educational Occupancies* Hotels and Dormitories Industrial Occupancies Mercantile Occupancies Residential Board and Care* Storage Occupancies Handbook Page: 104 *These occupancies require safety inspections in accordance with the 2012 edition of NFPA Additional Safety Inspections Required by NFPA 101 Fire rated doors in accordance with NFPA 80, regardless of occupancy. Smoke door assemblies in accordance with NFPA 105, regardless of occupancy. Handbook Page: NFPA 101 s Inspection and Testing Requirements Floor space on both sides of the opening is clear of obstruction, and doors open freely. Forces required to set doors in motion and move to the fully open position do not exceed requirements of lbf to release latching hardware 30 lbf to start doors in motion 15 lbf to open doors to the minimum required opening width Latching and locking hardware devices comply with Rights Reserved. Page: 16

17 NFPA 101 s Inspection and Testing Requirements Releasing hardware devices are installed in accordance with Door leaves of paired openings are installed in accordance with Door closers are adjusted properly to control closing speed of door leaves in accordance with accessibility requirements. 49 NFPA 101 s Inspection and Testing Requirements Projection of door leaves into the path of egress does not exceed the encroachment permitted by Powered door openings operate in accordance with Signage required by (3), , , and is intact and legible. 50 NFPA 101 s Inspection and Testing Requirements Door openings with special locking arrangements function in accordance with Delayed Egress Locking Systems Access Controlled Egress Door Assemblies Elevator Lobby Exit Access Door Assemblies Locking Security devices that impede egress are not installed on openings, as required by Rights Reserved. Page: 17

18 NFPA 101 s Inspection and Testing Requirements Where required by , door hardware marking is present and intact. Emergency lighting on access controlled egress doors and doors equipped with delayed egress locking systems is present and functioning in accordance with Section Differences Between NFPA 80 and NFPA 101 Inspections NFPA 80 s safety inspections ensure fire rated doors close and latch reliably under emergency conditions. NFPA 101 s safety inspections ensure doors, fire rated and non fire rated, open for egress under emergency conditions. Handbook Page: Multiple AHJs Health care facilities are subject to multiple Authorities Having Jurisdictions (AHJs) Joint Commission Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) State and Local Code Enforcement Others 54 Rights Reserved. Page: 18

19 Handbook Page: 8 Which Codes Apply to Your Building? Enforced codes might be one or more older editions, depending on the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ)/code officials. AHJs adopt new codes slowly, every 7 to 10 years (sometimes longer). Understanding the code requirements of the newest editions helps us understand, interpret, and apply requirements in earlier editions. 55 Handbook Page: 8 Which Codes Apply to Your Building? Codes contain provisions to perpetually maintain required construction, elements (e.g., door assemblies), systems, and functions in the means of egress for the life of the building. 56 Handbook Page: 141 Online Access to NFPA Codes and Standards 57 Rights Reserved. Page: 19

20 Mixed Occupancies Within Your Buildings Hospitals are comprised of multiple occupancy uses within the structure(s): Health Care Occupancies Assembly Business Industrial Mercantile Storage 58 Purpose of a Door Maintenance Program To ensure people can move through buildings safely, in emergency conditions Handbook Page: 8 Balancing code requirements with security, convenience, and accessibility 59 Handbook Page: 8 Maintaining Swinging Door Assemblies Advantages Presume fire rated doors provide the correct level of protection, as required by code. Installed components can be identified and properly maintained. Ordering replacement components to match existing/original components. 60 Rights Reserved. Page: 20

21 Handbook Page: 9 The Why, The What, and The How Code requirements are The Why Form, function, and features of door assemblies are The What Developing and implementing a door maintenance program is The How 61 Handbook Page: 9 The Why, The What, and The How Building codes mandate the level of fire protection rating and operational functions of door assemblies The Why Standards define the construction and components of door assemblies that makeup fire rated doors The What NFPA 80, NFPA 101, and NFPA 105 require swinging egress and fire door assemblies to be maintained in working condition throughout their service lives. 62 Handbook Page: 9 The Why, The What, and The How Developing and implementing an effective door maintenance program requires you to know: The Why code requirements (e.g., fire ratings, special functions, etc.) The What door assembly components, and their usage The How the work that can or cannot be performed by you 63 Rights Reserved. Page: 21

22 Handbook Page: 9 How Long Should Door Assemblies Last? Door assemblies are comprised of mechanical components that are subject to the rigors of wear and tear. Factors that shorten service lives of swinging doors: Poor installation techniques and practices Improper use of individual components Excessive usage and abusive use Accidental damage Incidental acts of vandalism Poor maintenance practices 64 Handbook Page: 33 Door Usage Types and Categories Doors can be described by their types of operational functions: Mechanical functions Electrified mechanical functions Doors can be categorized by their frequency of use and their anticipated consequence of failure risk 65 Door Usage Types and Categories Some doors are subjected to user modifications: Blocked open (temporarily or permanently) Blocked closed (e.g., egress doors blocked by boxes, furniture, and equipment) Taped latch bolts Filled strike plates Partially disassembled (e.g., removing door closer arms) Users need to be aware of the consequences of tampering with and modifying swinging egress and fire door assemblies. Handbook Page: Rights Reserved. Page: 22

23 Handbook Page: 33 Monitoring vs. Inspecting Monitoring the operation and function of doors regularly, should be part of an on going maintenance program. Based on door usage type and category Problems are caught early and fixed Doors are constantly maintained in working condition 67 Monitoring vs. Inspecting Performing formal point by point safety inspections only ensures doors are being assessed and, when necessary, repaired once a year. Comply with code on date of inspection Become non compliant after passing inspection Handbook Page: 33 Monitoring is an essential element of effective door maintenance programs. 68 Door Usage Types Type A doors Comprised of mechanical hardware components and functions only Type B doors Comprised of mechanical and electrified hardware components Type C doors Doors located in areas where they have a high consequence of failure risk Handbook Page: Rights Reserved. Page: 23

24 Handbook Page: 34 Door Usage Categories Usage categories are based on frequency of use. Doors are subject to the rigors of wear over time, requiring maintenance service. Service lives of doors can be extended by preventative maintenance. 70 Door Usage Categories Category 1 Very low usage, less than 1 cycle per day. Estimated service life: More than 30 years.* Type A door assemblies should be monitored on an annual schedule. Type B door assemblies should be monitored on a monthly schedule. Type C door assemblies should be monitored on a weekly schedule. Handbook Page: Door Usage Categories Category 2 Low usage, 365 to 1,000 cycles per year (1 to 3 cycles per day). Estimated service life: 25 to 30 years.* Type A door assemblies should be monitored every six months (quarterly in some cases). Type B door assemblies should be monitored on a monthly schedule. Type C door assemblies should be monitored on a weekly schedule. Handbook Page: Rights Reserved. Page: 24

25 Handbook Page: 35 Door Usage Categories Category 3 Ordinary usage, 1,000 to 36,500 cycles per year (3 to 100 cycles per day). Estimated service life: 20 to 25 years.* Type A door assemblies should be monitored bi monthly (more frequently in some cases). Type B door assemblies should be monitored on a monthly schedule. Type C door assemblies should be monitored on a weekly schedule. 73 Door Usage Categories Category 4 High usage, 36,500 to 150,000 cycles per year (100 to 400 cycles per day). Estimated service life: 10 to 20 years.* Type A door assemblies should be monitored bi weekly (weekly in some cases). Type B and Type C door assemblies should be monitored on a weekly schedule. Handbook Page: Door Usage Categories Category 5 Very high usage, 150,000 to 400,000 cycles per year (400 to 1,100 cycles per day). Estimated service life: 5 to 10 years.* Type A, Type B, and Type C door assemblies should be monitored weekly (every 2 3 days in some cases). Handbook Page: Rights Reserved. Page: 25

26 Handbook Page: 36 Door Usage Categories Category 6 Extremely high usage, over 400,000 cycles per year (over 1,100 cycles per day). Estimated service life: Up to 5 years.* Type A, Type B, and Type C door assemblies should be monitored every 2 to 3 days (daily in some cases). 76 Handbook Page: Door Maintenance Priority Levels Assigning priority levels to each type of service and repair work helps you decide how to budget your resources. Handbook Page: 39 Deficiencies on fire rated and non fire rated door assemblies should be treated with the same level of urgency and concern. To the extent possible, all problems that affect the operation of doors should be corrected immediately when discovered. 78 Rights Reserved. Page: 26

27 Handbook Page: 39 Door Maintenance Priority Levels Replacing major components on swinging doors is permitted. Reusing existing door assembly components is permitted, provided they are in working condition and used in accordance with their published listings. 79 Door Maintenance Priority Levels Level 1 Critical (Highest Priority) Best described as critical Replacing damaged door frames with new. Replacing entire door assemblies with new. Handbook Page: 40 * Maintenance and Acceptance Testing reports are required upon completion of work on fire rated doors. 80 Door Maintenance Priority Levels Handbook Page: 41 Level 2 Extensive (High Priority) Best described as urgent Securing loose door frames (e.g., 3 sided, sidelight, and transom door frames). Replacing damaged glass and glazing materials in door leaves and door frames (including glazing beads, glass light kits, and glazing tape). Repairing/filling non fastener holes in door leaves and door frames. Replacing damaged door leaves. * Maintenance and Acceptance Testing reports are required upon completion of work on fire rated doors. 81 Rights Reserved. Page: 27

28 Handbook Page: 41 Door Maintenance Priority Levels Level 3 Moderate (Ordinary Priority) Best described as routine Tightening fasteners. Replacing fasteners (with product specific fasteners). Repairing/filling fastener holes in doors and door frames. Repairing/replacing damaged or missing hardware covers Repairing/replacing damaged movable parts.* Repairing or replacing damaged or malfunctioning latching hardware, including strikes plates.* Shimming door leaves to adjust operational clearance dimensions.* Replacing damaged smoke gasketing.* * Maintenance and Acceptance Testing reports are required upon completion of work on fire rated doors. 82 Door Maintenance Priority Levels Level 4 Minimal (Lowest Priority) Best described as superficial and aesthetically pleasing Cosmetic work (e.g., cleaning, filling minor dents and scratches, painting, staining). Lubricating movable parts (e.g., hinges, closer arms, and latching hardware). Adjusting closing speed of door closers for changes in HVAC systems. Replacing worn silencers on door frames. Clearing out openings and recesses in strike plates (e.g., door frames and floor strikes). Handbook Page: Handbook Page: Rights Reserved. Page: 28

29 Handbook Page: 42 Door Maintenance Priority Levels Door assemblies often require more than one level of maintenance service. Higher level work should be completed first. Level 1 and Level 2 work should be completed before Level 3 and Level 4 work, on the same door assembly. 85 Door Maintenance Priority Levels Review and update status of each door assembly after completion of repair work. Reassign Maintenance Priority Levels to repaired door assemblies. Continue Monitoring frequency, based on Door Usage Type and Category Repeat this process on an on going basis. 86 Maintaining Door Assemblies Door related problems are caught early and corrected by regular monitoring and preventative maintenance. Handbook Page: 43 Caution: Improper cleaning and servicing of door hardware components can void manufacturers warranties. 87 Rights Reserved. Page: 29

30 Implementing Door Maintenance Programs Making an Implementation Plan Identify all of the swinging door assemblies that are subject to periodic safety inspections, according to code. Rank the door assemblies using the Door Usage Types and Categories for monitoring. Assign each door assembly to a Maintenance Priority Level, based on its current condition. Handbook Page: Handbook Page: 62 Implementing Door Maintenance Programs Train Your Team In person training Online training Manufacturer specific training Establish a Building Standard for Door Assembly Components You have a known body of door assembly components in your building. Create lists of door hardware components for each door assembly. 89 Handbook Page: 63 Implementing Door Maintenance Programs Construction and Renovation Records Door hardware schedules Door and frame schedules and shop drawings Operational descriptions for electrified hardware functions Elevation drawings for door assemblies with electrified hardware Point to point wiring drawings for door assemblies with electrified hardware Warranty information The information contained in the door and hardware records can be extremely useful when trying to confirm the fire ratings of door frames and doors where the labels have been painted over or removed. 90 Rights Reserved. Page: 30

31 Implementing Door Maintenance Programs Inventory (Building Standard) Small parts, components, and fasteners Handbook Page: 62 Warranties for Door Assembly Components Door closers have warranties ranging from 10 to 25 years. Fire exit hardware and panic hardware warranties range from 3 to 5 years. Some hinges have lifetime warranties. Some wood doors have lifetime warranties. 91 Handbook Page: 65 Implementing Door Maintenance Programs Maintenance and Safety Inspection Records Date maintenance was performed. Name an address of the building. Name(s) and signature(s) of the persons who performed the work. Company name of the service provider (if not performed in house). The door assembly identifier code (e.g., door number or bar code). Type and description of the door assembly being repaired, and the work performed on it. 92 Handbook Page: 66 Implementing Door Maintenance Programs Records Retention Acceptance Testing Records Retained for the life of the assembly Upon Installation of assembly Upon completion of maintenance work Maintenance Records Minimum of 3 years Safety Inspection and Testing Records Minimum of 3 years Until code officials/ahjs signoff on them 93 Rights Reserved. Page: 31

32 Performing Door Assembly Safety Inspections and Testing Accuracy, completeness, and efficiency depend on consistency in the safety inspection and testing process. Follow the same pattern and process EVERY time. Train everyone on your team to follow the same pattern. Handbook Page: 125 Your door maintenance program needs to produce sustained high levels of code compliance. Code officials need to have confidence in your door maintenance program s ability to achieve and sustain high levels of compliance. 94 Performing Door Assembly Safety Inspections and Testing Step 1 Find the labels on the door frame and door(s). Hourly fire rating Minimum latch throw FIRE DOOR TO BE EQUIPPED WITH FIRE EXIT HARDWARE Temperature rise rating S Label (for smoke door assemblies) Note: Skip this step when the doors are not fire rated. Handbook Page: Performing Door Assembly Safety Inspections and Testing Handbook Page: 126 Step 2 Inspect the pull side of the door frame and door(s). Start with the side jambs of the door frame. They should extend all the way to the subfloor construction no gaps between door frame and floor. Look for open holes. Field assembled door frames should have tightly closed seams where the side jambs join the frame head (look for the screws that hold the seams closed). Look for signs the door frames were modified for grout filling. Side light and transom frames look closely at the glazing beads. Look for signs of dry rot, delamination, and other damage. Check the frame head for open holes and other damage. 96 Rights Reserved. Page: 32

33 Performing Door Assembly Safety Inspections and Testing Handbook Page: 127 Step 2 Inspect the pull side of the door frame and door(s). Inspect the door face for open holes, dents that interfere with operation. Check all edges for signs of delamination and separation Verify glass and glazing in door frames and doors is undamaged and securely fixed in place. 97 Performing Door Assembly Safety Inspections and Testing Step 3 Verify clearance dimensions around and under the door(s). Use Door Gap Gauge to check clearance dimensions. Step 4 Inspect push side of door frame and door(s) Repeat Step 2. Handbook Page: 127 Step 5 Confirm the door frame is securely anchored in place. Open door(s) and watch the top corner of the frame as the door(s) close, any movement of the frame indicates an anchoring problem. 98 Performing Door Assembly Safety Inspections and Testing Step 6 Inspect vertical edges of the door(s). Temporarily block open the door(s). Look for open holes. Look for hinges and other edge mounted hardware that does not sit flush with the edge of the door(s). Look for rub and wear marks on the door edges and the door frame or the floor indicates clearance and operational problems. Check vertical edges on wood doors for splits and cracks these might indicate structural damage. Look for delamination door faces and separation of edge seams. Handbook Page: Rights Reserved. Page: 33

34 Performing Door Assembly Safety Inspections and Testing Step 7 Check Door Hardware Components. Be sure to follow a consistent pattern. Check fasteners Check latching hardware. FIRE DOOR TO BE EQUIPPED WITH FIRE EXIT HARDWARE Latch throw of bored locks and latches. Check closing devices. Check hinges and pivots. Check gasketing. Check protection plates. Check remaining hardware. Handbook Page: Performing Door Assembly Safety Inspections and Testing Operational Testing Requirements Handbook Page: 132 Rule #9 Doors must open and close easily and freely, close safely and completely, and (where required by code or application) latch positively. Operational testing of automatic closing and power operated doors needs to be coordinated with testing of other building systems (e.g., fire alarm system). 101 Performing Door Assembly Safety Inspections and Testing Testing Self Closing Door Operation Standing on egress side, begin with door(s) closed and latched. Release latching hardware device and open door to the full open position allow door to close. Observe closing speeds (e.g., sweep and latch speeds). Verify latching hardware securely engages in its strike(s). Confirm reliability: Perform this process at least 2 more times. Partially open the door to various positions and confirm the door closes and latches reliably repeat this test at least 4 more times from different positions. Self closing doors must return to the closed and latched position every time they are opened, regardless of how far they are opened. Handbook Page: Rights Reserved. Page: 34

35 Performing Door Assembly Safety Inspections and Testing Handbook Page: 133 Testing Automatic Closing Operation Begin by testing the self closing operation of the door(s). Next, with the door(s) held open by the automatic closing device, gently pull the door(s) from the hold open position and allow the door(s) to close. Repeat this step at least 2 more times. Next, with the door(s) held open, simulate activation of the smoke detectors, fire alarm system, and sprinkler systems and witness the door(s) closing. Next, with the door(s) held open, simulate loss of power to the automaticclosing device door(s) should close and latch. 103 Performing Door Assembly Safety Inspections and Testing Handbook Page: 133 Operational Testing of Power Operated Doors Begin by testing the self closing operation of the door(s). Next, test the normal powered operation of the door(s). Auto reversing features when door(s) cannot fully open or close. Motion sensors that detect people approaching the door(s). Power assist opening cycles on low energy door operators. Where equipped with electrified latching hardware, verify latching hardware releases and engages when doors open and close. Next, simulate activation of the smoke detectors, fire alarm system, and sprinkler systems and verify power to door operators is interrupted. Next, simulate loss of power to the automatic closing device door(s) should be able to be manually opened and become self closing. 104 Performing Door Assembly Safety Inspections and Testing Remember Rule #9 when performing operational testing of swinging doors. Doors must open and close easily and freely, close safely and completely, and (where required by code or application) latch positively. Handbook Page: Rights Reserved. Page: 35

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37 Checklist for Inspecting and Operational Testing of Swinging Fire Rated Doors with Self Closing, Automatic Closing, and Powered Operation Copyright 2016 Pardoe Consulting, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

38 Checklist for Inspecting Swinging Fire Rated Doors with Self Closing Operation

39 Copyright 2016 Pardoe Consulting, LLC. All Rights Reserved. Checklist for Operational Testing of Swinging Fire Rated Doors with Self Closing Operation

40 Handbook Page: 14 What Does the Label Mean? Think of the label on fire doors as a stop sign. Whenever you see a label on a door, STOP! Read the information on the label. Use that information to evaluate the condition and operation of the assembly. 109 What Does the Label Mean? Labels provide visible proof that the components are the same as those that were tested by independent laboratories for use on firerated doors. Handbook Page: 14 Labels are applied at the factories, before the door assembly components are shipped. Fire rating of door assemblies are only valid when all required components are installed and the assemblies function correctly. 110 How Swinging Doors are Made Fire rated and egress doors are component based systems. Handbook Page: 5 Comprised of components from multiple manufacturers On fire rated doors, the components can be labeled by different testing laboratories: Underwriters Laboratories (UL) Intertek/Warnock Hersey (WHI) FM Global (FM) 111 Rights Reserved. Page: 37

41 Handbook Page: 6 How Swinging Doors are Made Component based swinging door assemblies Interchangeable door hardware components Broad selection of replacement components More competitive pricing Shorter lead times 112 How Swinging Doors are Made Unit based swinging door assemblies Integrated swinging door systems (e.g., Total Door Systems, Inc.) Label on the door covers the door leaf and most (if not all) of the door hardware components Proprietary components must be replaced with parts from the manufacturer Handbook Page: How Swinging Doors are Made Installers assemble the components on site. Handbook Page: 5 Frame installation is the single most important step in the process. Affects operational clearances Can affect opening and closing of doors 114 Rights Reserved. Page: 38

42 Handbook Page: 6 How Swinging Doors are Made Simple door applications Mechanical hardware operation Complex door applications Mechanical hardware operation Electrified hardware functions (e.g., delayed egress, electrified locking, and automated door operation) Codes require specific door operation and functions, under certain conditions, for egress and fire rated doors. 115 Handbook Page: 15 Levels of Fire Protection Ratings for Doors Determined by the fire rating of the walls and partitions Normally three quarters of the ratings of the walls or partitions Labels attached to doors include the hourly rating of the door, which is the rating of the assembly in most cases. 116 Handbook Page: Rights Reserved. Page: 39

43 Handbook Page: 16 Door Assembly and Component Labels Labels on hollow metal (steel) door frames might be embossed or applied metal or Mylar. Labels on door frames of materials other than hollow metal might be applied metal or Mylar. Labels on doors of any material might be applied metal or Mylar. Labels on hardware components might be embossed or stamped into the metal, and might be plastic, Mylar, or paper adhesive labels. 118 Labeled Door Frames Hollow metal door frames Most labels do not list the hourly rating. Frames in masonry construction can be rated up to 3 hours. Frames in drywall partitions can be rated up to 1 1/2 hours. Standard sidelight frames are rated up to 3/4 hour (fire protection rated), regardless of wall construction. Special sidelight frames are rated up to 1 1/2 hours (fire resistance rated), provided they pass ASTM E119 or UL 263 fire tests. Door frame of other construction include the hourly ratings on their labels (e.g., 20 minutes, 45 minutes, and 90 minutes) Handbook Page: Labeled Fire Doors Fire rated doors are made of various materials Hollow metal (aka, steel) Flush wood Plastic laminate faced (aka, high pressure decorative laminate HPDL) Stile and rail wood Aluminum Fiberglass reinforced polyester (FRP) Hourly fire ratings depend on individual published listings. Handbook Page: Rights Reserved. Page: 40

44 Handbook Page: 18 Labeled Fire Doors Hourly ratings of fire doors: 1/3 hour (20 minutes) 1/2 hour (30 minutes) 3/4 hour (45 minutes) 1 hour (60 minutes) 1 1/2 hours (90 minutes) 3 hours (180 minutes) Hourly fire rating of the door determines the maximum area of glass and glazing allowed, subject to the individual published listing of specific doors. 121 Labeled Fire Doors Handbook Page: Typical Label on Fire Door 123 Rights Reserved. Page: 41

45 Fire Door Labels 124 Labels on Fire Door with Detailed Information 125 Handbook Page: 18 Temperature Rise Rated Fire Doors Limits the increase in temperature on the unexposed side of the doors during the first 30 minutes of a fire Three levels 650 F (lowest level of protection) 450 F 250 F (best level of protection) 126 Rights Reserved. Page: 42

46 Handbook Page: 18 Temperature Rise Rated Fire Doors 127 Two Labels are Better than One, Right? 128 Fire Door to be Equipped with Fire Exit Hardware Latching hardware on door must be fire exit hardware Handbook Page: 19 All other latching hardware does not meet the requirement stated on the label. 129 Rights Reserved. Page: 43

47 Fire Door to be Equipped with Fire Exit Hardware Handbook Page: Minimum Latch Throw Listed on the fire door label Single doors: 1/2 inch minimum Paired doors: 3/4 inch minimum Applies to all latching hardware devices installed on the doors Mortise and bored locks and latches Flush bolts Latching hardware must be installed in accordance with its published listing see Rule #2. Handbook Page: Latch Throw for Labeled Bored Locks 132 Rights Reserved. Page: 44

48 Labels on Fire Doors and Frames 133 Construction Labels on Door Frames and Doors 134 Labels on Door Hardware Most fire rated hardware components have a symbol or mark that serves as their label. Hardware components like fire exit hardware have clear plastic labels. Some hardware components are not marked, due to their material and/or size they are listed for use on fire doors. Every hardware component must be labeled or listed for use on fire door assemblies see Rule #2. Handbook Page: Rights Reserved. Page: 45

49 Example of Labeled Full Mortise Hinge 136 Panic Hardware 137 Fire Exit Hardware: Surface Vertical Rod 138 Rights Reserved. Page: 46

50 Fire Exit Hardware: Surface Vertical Rod 139 Automatic Flush Bolt: Label 140 Vision Light Kit: Label 141 Rights Reserved. Page: 47

51 Handbook Page: 22 What are Smoke Door Assemblies? Codes require certain doors to contain smoke and gases Smoke leakage rated doors (NFPA 101 term) Smoke and draft control doors (IBC term) Fire rated doors that are also smoke doors have the S mark on their labels. Non fire rated smoke doors do not have a label. 142 Doors with Electrified Locking Hardware Components and Functions Codes allow many types of electrified locking and hardware functions on fire rated and non fire rated swinging doors. Integrated into other building systems (e.g., fire alarm and sprinkler systems) Requires auxiliary smoke, fire, and heat detectors Some electrified functions are restricted to specific occupancy groups in buildings that have the required fire detection and suppression systems. Handbook Page: Electrified Hardware Components Electrified Hardware Preparations in Hollow Metal Door Frames Cannot be done in the field, in most cases. Can invalidate fire rating of the door frame, and the entire assembly. Handbook Page: 26 Some types of electrified hardware preparations might be permitted under NFPA 80 s Field Modifications provisions, provided all work complies with manufacturer s requirements. 144 Rights Reserved. Page: 48

52 Handbook Page: 26 Electrified Locking Functions Codes that affect door assemblies with electrified hardware functions are intended to ensure doors unlock in the direction of egress travel. 145 Electrified Locking Functions Electrically Controlled Egress Doors Handbook Page: 28 Alarmed Exiting Re entry from Stairs 146 Electrified Locking Functions Delayed Egress Locking Systems Electrified fire exit hardware and panic hardware devices Magnetic locking systems Access Controlled Egress Door Assemblies Handbook Page: 29 Elevator Lobby Exit Access Door Assemblies Locking Wandering Patient Systems 147 Rights Reserved. Page: 49

53 Doors with Electrified Locking Hardware Components and Functions Electrified hardware components are susceptible to power surges, in addition to normal wear and tear. Requires more frequent monitoring than doors that only have mechanical hardware functions, regardless of fire rating. Safety inspections and testing needs to be coordinated with periodic testing of other building systems (e.g., fire alarm and sprinkler systems). Handbook Page: 31 Consider the consequence of failure when doors with electrified hardware functions do not work properly. 148 Rights Reserved. Page: 50

54 Top 10 Rules for Maintaining Swinging Door Assemblies Whenever you need to work on swinging door assemblies, choose replacement components, and add new doors, refer to these rules frequently. Following these rules will help you maintain your swinging doors in compliance with the codes. Rule #1 Rule #2 Rule #3 Rule #4 Rule #5 Rule #6 Rule #7 Rule #8 Rule #9 Rule #10 Selecting door assembly components that are appropriate to the type, usage, and function of the door is essential for the service life of the assembly. Only components that are labeled and/or listed for use on fire rated door assemblies can be installed on fire doors, in accordance with their individual published listing. Not all fire rated door components can be used on all fire door assemblies. All labeled and/or listed components can be installed on non fire rated door assemblies. The published listing of a door leaf, regardless of material, determines the capabilities, design, and applications of the door and the assembly s fire rating. Before performing work, other than drilling holes for fasteners, verify the structural integrity of the component, fire rating (when applicable), and warranty will not be compromised or invalidated. Only work that is expressly permitted in NFPA 80, in accordance with the manufacturer s installation instructions and the individual published listing of the component(s) being modified, is permitted to be done during installation of fire rated door assemblies. Labels on fire rated door frames, doors, and hardware components must be present and legible at all times; avoid painting over labels do not remove labels for any reason. Doors must open and close easily and freely, close safely and completely, and (where required by code or application) latch positively. Swinging egress and fire doors must allow free egress under fire and other panic inducing emergencies. 1

55 Top 10 Questions to Ask When Selecting Door Assembly Components Asking the right questions, at the right time, is an important step in gathering information you need to make informed decisions. Use the following questions to determine which door assembly components are the most appropriate for the specific door assembly you are working on. 1. Is this component labeled or listed for use on fire rated door assemblies? 2. Can this component be used on doors of all levels of fire ratings? 3. What limitations or restrictions does this component have? 4. Does this component have an extended warranty? 5. What is the expected service life of this component? 6. What type of maintenance does this component require after installation? 7. Does installing this component require work other than drilling holes for fasteners? 8. Will installing this component interfere with other door hardware components? 9. Where is the label or marking on this component? 10. Does this component comply with code requirements of the door? 3