An experimental study of the impact of tunnel suppression on tunnel ventilation

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "An experimental study of the impact of tunnel suppression on tunnel ventilation"

Transcription

1 An experimental study of the impact of tunnel suppression on tunnel ventilation Yoon J. Ko and George Hadjisophocleous Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carleton University 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1S 5B6 ABSTRACT Water-based fixed fire fighting systems (WFFFS) are now considered to be an option for mitigating the effects of tunnel fires as these systems can control the fire and prevent fire spread. The mitigation effects can be enhanced when WFFFS is used with ventilation systems. There is a great need to study the interaction between WFFFS and ventilation systems; and to identify design elements for both systems to make them efficient. This paper presents results from a preliminary test conducted in a full-scale laboratory tunnel furnished with a sprinkler system. The absolute cooling effect and radiation attenuation were examined by activating the sprinkler system over a propane fire which generated a constant HRR. The test examined the effectiveness of the longitudinal ventilation system with the sprinkler system active. The paper also discusses the impact of the water vapour on the measurement of HRR, which uses oxygen consumption calorimetry. KEYWORDS: tunnel fires, longitudinal ventilation, suppression, heat release rate measurement INTRODUCTION Water-based fixed fire fighting systems (WFFFS) are now considered to be an option for mitigating the effects of tunnel fires. The ventilation system alone is not capable of achieving neither structural protection nor life safety for severe heavy good vehicle (HGV) fires although, in particular, the longitudinal ventilation system is quite effective in reducing the temperature downstream of the fire and keeping the upstream areas free of smoke. WFFFS can reduce the severity of the fire and prevent fire spread. The mitigation effect can be enhanced when WFFFS is used with ventilation systems, provided that both systems are suitably designed. There is a great need to study the interaction between WFFFS and ventilation systems; and to identify design elements for both systems to make them efficient. In general, the effectiveness of suppression is greatly influenced by the degree of ventilation. The greater the ventilation rate, the greater the water consumption or the time to extinguish the fire [1]. In tunnel application of WFFFS, oxygen depletion by WFFFS cannot be very effective if the fire is under continuous air flow in the tunnel. Direct cooling of the fuel surface is also hard to achieve since the tunnel fire is often shielded by the vehicle body. Thus, the dominant effect to be expected in tunnel fire suppression is cooling the hot gases and the surroundings of the fire. In recent years, a great deal of research has been done to study the effectiveness of water-based suppression systems on tunnel fires. It was found that the suppression system can effectively control fires and prevent fire spread by reducing the heat release rate (HRR) and cooling the hot gases [2, 3, 4, 5]. Figure 1 shows the published experimental data from previous studies [2, 4, 5], which examined a range of fires with various types of WFFFS, such as water mist systems and sprinkler systems. The ratio of the maximum HRR in a suppression test (Q S ) to the corresponding maximum HRR in a free burn test (Q D ) was plotted with respect to the water flow density (l/min m 2 ) used in each test. The ratio, Q S /Q D represents the rate of suppressed HRR. This shows that WFFFS can reduce the HRR by about 40 ~80% of the design fire (Q D ) depending on the water flow density. A successful suppression system with sufficient water flow rate and fast activation can hold the development of fires and 341

2 maintain the HRR at the time of activation. The strategy in using both systems can be that WFFFS limits the fire size to be manageable by the ventilation systems, and longitudinal ventilation systems control smoke and reduce the hazard. Figure 1 The ratio of the maximum HRR in a suppression test (Q S ) to the corresponding maximum HRR in a free burn test (Q D ) was plotted with respect to the water flow density (l/min m 2 ) So far, the most reliable method of studying water-based suppression system is real-scale tests since there are difficulties in scaling the water drop sources and their interaction with fire and smoke. To properly investigate the effects of water-based suppression systems on convective flows and thermal radiation, a study in a full-scale laboratory tunnel is being conducted at Carleton University. This paper presents the preliminary study conducted to examine the mitigation effects of both systems and the effect of WFFFS on the efficiency of longitudinal ventilation systems. DESCRIPTION OF THE LABORATORY TUNNEL The large scale experiments are performed in a laboratory tunnel of Carleton University located in Almonte, Ontario, Canada is used in this study for performing the large scale experiments. The tunnel is 37.5 m long, and the cross section is 10 m wide and 5.5 m high. The tunnel has a shutter opening (3.8 m wide and 4.0 m high) and two louver openings (1.2 m wide and 4.5 m high) at the east end. Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the tunnel facility. The temperature profiles, combustion gas generation as well as the propagation of heat depend strongly on the cross section of the tunnel. Proper investigations of the convective flows and thermal radiation are possible in this tunnel because the cross section is typical of tunnels with two traffic lanes. In a previous study [6], temperature profile and smoke flows measured in the Carleton's laboratory tunnel were found to be reasonably extrapolated to longer tunnels. In that study, it was concluded that the length of the tunnel does not significantly affect on the temperature development close to the fire location. 342

3 Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the laboratory tunnel facility of Carleton University Tunnel ventilation system On top of the tunnel, a mechanical exhaust system with three fans capable of exhausting a total of 132 m 3 /s (285,000 cfm) of gas is located at the east end of the facility. Two fans are located at the fan chamber level, and one fan is located at the attic level as shown in Figure 2. The fans draw smoke from the tunnel through two ceiling openings in the tunnel, and the smoke is directed to the upper middle chamber. A longitudinal air velocity ranged from 1-8 m/s can be created by the ventilation system in the tunnel. HRR MEASUREMENT SYSTEM A HRR measurement system has been developed for the laboratory tunnel to be used in measuring the heat release rate of fire in the tunnel. The HRR measurement system for the laboratory tunnel is able to measure various types of tunnel fires and sizes up to low severity HGV fires of about 20 MW. The system uses oxygen calorimetry for accurate and reliable measurements under different ventilation conditions and with the suppression system activated. The HRR measurement system collects data at the end of the upper middle chamber (5.66 m wide by 2.94 m high), directing all combustion products through this design area. Figure 3 (a) shows a schematic of the HRR measurement system for the facility. Signals from thermocouples, pressure transducers, and the gas analyzers are transmitted via the data acquisition system (DAS) to the realtime HRR calculation and display system, which is programmed using Labview (version 8.6). Some delay is inevitable due to the long distance from the fire source to the sampling location and gas analysis system. (a) Schematic diagram of HRR measurement system [7] (b) Instrumentation in the duct chamber Figure 3 HRR measurement system and instrumentation The oxygen calorimetry requires accurate measurements of the mass flow rate, CO 2, CO and O 2 concentration. In particular, accurate measurements of mass flow rate of gases were challenging due to the variation of the flow velocity inside the large chamber of the facility. To obtain good representation of flow velocity and other parameters across the entire cross-section of the chamber, the instrumentation in the fan chamber was designed based upon extensive analysis of various CFD simulations as well as manual velocity measurements [7]. Figure 3 (b) shows the arrangement of instruments including thermocouples, gas sampling grid and bi-directional velocity probes. Four bidirectional probes and six thermocouples were installed, as well as a steel gas sampling grid covering the measurement area of the fan chamber. 343

4 CALIBRATION TESTS The accuracy of heat release measurements based on oxygen consumption is dependent on accurate measurements of the mass flow rate and oxygen concentration [8]. Generally, the calculation of mass flow rate of the gas in the duct needs to be corrected to take into account the reduction of velocity near the walls and the effect of wall friction. The correction factor depends largely on the velocity profile of the flow in the measurement area. For this reason, a series of calibration tests was conducted to experimentally determine the correction factor for the experimental tunnel. Based on results from 16 tests with different fan capacities using propane burners and heptane pool fires, the factor was found to be approximately The correction factor was calculated by comparing a time integrated HRR with the energy content of the fuel used in the calibration tests. Figure 4 shows the HRR measurement results from a calibration test using propane burners. The fans were running at 25% capacity, generating about 2 m/s of air velocity in the tunnel. The calibration propane burners, which can produce a range of HRR up to 10 MW, were placed at 10 m from the east end of the tunnel. The HRR started with 8 MW and decreased step by step at a regular time interval. The system shows a reasonable estimate of the HRR. Figure 4 Results from a calibration test of the HRR measurement system using propane burners (25%, 8-2 MW propane test) Figure 5 Results from a calibration test of the HRR measurement system using propane burners and heptane pool fire (100% fan speed, 23 MW) To test the capacity of the HRR measurement system, a calibration test was conducted using both a 344

5 heptane pool fire and propane burners (see Figure 5). In the test, a pan fire (1.6 m x 1.6 m) with 123 kg of heptane and propane burners of 10 MW were ignited at the same time. The fans operated at full-capacity in this test, which generated about 3 m/s of longitudinal air flow in the tunnel. The propane burners were turned off at about 6 min after ignition, and the heptane pool burned off at about 7 min after ignition. The heptane pool produced a HRR of about 13 MW, which is much greater than the theoretical HRR of 9 MW, which can be realized by the same size of a pool fire in a windfree environment, as suggested by Babrauskas [9]. The longitudinal air flow caused intense and fast burning of the heptane fire. The HRR measurement system was successful in measuring in real-time a fire of 23-MW. SUPPRESSION TESTS A preliminary test was conducted in the laboratory tunnel to investigate the interaction between WFFFS and the longitudinal ventilation system. This test is part of a study aiming to investigate the impact of WFFFS under longitudinal air flows on smoke spread and temperature propagation; and to examine the influence of WFFFS on the efficiency of longitudinal ventilation systems. A propane burner generating a constant HRR of 5 MW was used. The top of the fire area was shielded by a metal plate (2.5 m x 4.9 m) built over the fire area at a height of 2.8 m. The tunnel ventilation system was controlled to create a longitudinal air flow of 1.8 m/s, which is the critical velocity for a 5-MW fire [10]. During the test, the HRR measurement system was tested to evaluate the system accuracy in the case when the suppression system is active. The large quantities of water vapour generated by the suppression system may affect the calculation of the HRR by oxygen calorimetry since the system does not measure the water vapour content of the exhaust gases [11]. Sprinkler system Figure 6 (a) shows the test arrangement and the sprinkler system in the tunnel. The sprinkler system is installed near the ceiling consists of 5 parallel branches (9 m long) spaced apart at a distance of 3.7 m, which are connected to a main pipe. Each branch has four sprinkler heads spaced at 2.5 m. A total of 20 sprinkler heads are fitted in an upright position. The type of sprinkler nozzles has a thread size of 15 mm and K-factor of 11.2, generating large droplets. The maximum capacity of the system is 12.0 l/min m 2 with operating area of 185 m 2, which is designed based on NFPA 13 [12], design standard for automatic sprinkler systems in industrial buildings. The maximum application rate suggested is 12.2 l/min/m 2 for extra hazard with minimum design area of 230 m 2. The water flow rate and application area can be adjusted to test variable water flow rates and operating areas. The system is open and is manually operated. For this preliminary test, only two branches over the fire area were activated (See the shaded area in Figure 6). The sprinkler system was activated at 11min after ignition of the propane burners and lasted for 9 min. The water application rate for the test was 530 l/min (140 gpm), and the pressure was about 138 kpa (20 psi). Instrumentation Figure 6 (b) shows the instrumentation used in the tunnel. The ceiling temperatures at a distance of 0.2 m from the ceiling were measured along the centre line of the tunnel. 4 thermocouple trees were placed as shown in Figure 6 (b). Heat fluxes at a height of 1.5 m were measured 6 m downstream of the fire and 5 m upstream of the fire. Gas concentrations (O 2, CO 2 and CO) and mass flow rates of the exhaust gases were measured at the instrumentation station (see Figure 3 (b)) in the fan chamber and used in the HRR measurement system. 345

6 (a) Sprinkler system (Plan view) (b) Instrumentations (Section view) Figure 6 Sprinkler system and instrumentation in the tunnel RESULTS The ventilation system generated a longitudinal air flow of 1-2 m/s in the tunnel and successfully controlled smoke without the sprinkler system active. When the sprinkler system was turned on, some smoke escaped out of the tunnel openings, but overall the ventilation system was able to control the smoke. The sprinkler system cooled smoke, caused steam formation, and lowered the visibility. Figure 7 shows a photo taken right after the closing of the sprinkler system. Figure 7 A photo taken right after the closing of the sprinkler system 346

7 With the sprinkler system active, ceiling temperatures upstream of the fire and in the spray section dropped drastically. Figure 8 compares the ceiling temperature profiles with and without the sprinkler system active. The ceiling temperatures downstream of the fire dropped about 20 C, yet the profile was similar to that without suppression system. Figure 9 shows the vertical temperature profiles 5 m upstream and 6 m downstream of the fire. The sprinkler system cooled down the temperature, and the cooling was more significant for the gas temperatures measured 5 m upstream since the sprinkler system is located as close as 4.4 m away. Figure 8 A comparison of the ceiling temperature profiles with and without the sprinkler system active Figure 9 A comparison of vertical temperature profiles with and without the sprinkler system active Figure 10 compares heat fluxes measured 5 m downstream and 6 m upstream over time. Before the sprinkler system was activated, heat fluxes measured at both locations were about 4-5 kw/m 2, which may not be lethal but can cause irritation [13]. After the system commenced, heat fluxes at both locations decreased to 1-3 kw/m 2. With the sprinkler system active, the heat flux upstream was lower than the heat flux downstream, because some water droplets wetted the surface of the heat flux meter. 347

8 Figure 10 A comparison of heat fluxes measured 5 m downstream and 6 m upstream over time Figure 11 The measured HRR and O 2 concentration over time When the suppression system was active, the temperatures in the fan chamber immediately dropped, and temperatures came back up when the suppression system was stopped. With the suppression system active, CO and O 2 concentrations slightly decreased; however, gas concentrations were pretty consistent throughout the test. Figure 11 shows the measured HRR and O 2 concentration over time. O 2 measurements were unstable for a short time after the opening of the sprinkler system as well as after the closing of the system. This affected HRR calculation a little bit, but the measured HRR was quite consistent throughout the test. DISCUSSION This paper presented test results demonstrating how the ventilation and suppression system affect the temperature propagation and the smoke condition in the tunnel. The absolute cooling effect and radiation attenuation were tested by activating the sprinkler system over the propane fire which generated a constant HRR. The condition generated by the test represents the situation when the suppression system successfully controls the development of a fire and limits the HRR to that at the time of activation. It was found that the sprinkler system and ventilation system cooled down smoke and reduced the heat flux effectively. The measured heat fluxes showed that the absorption of thermal radiation and transmission of the radiation can be affected by the sprinkler system and air flow in the tunnel. The longitudinal air flow in the tunnel was affected by the discharge of water sprays because the air flow velocity was as low as 1-2 m/s. However, the ventilation system was able to control smoke in the tunnel. As the sprinkler system reduced the smoke temperature, it could be expected that the 348

9 driving force to propagate the smoke decreased, thus enabling the longitudinal ventilation system to prevent backlayering of smoke. Tests are on-going to further study the interaction of the suppression system with the longitudinal air flows and re-examine the effectiveness of the longitudinal ventilation system with suppression system active. In addition, the impact of the water vapour on the measurement of HRR, which uses oxygen consumption calorimetry, was tested. Results showed that the sensitivity of HRR calculations to water vapour was very small, and the HRR measurement system yielded HRR with no significant error. However, it is necessary to evaluate the system for different conditions with larger water vapour. REFERENCES 1. Grant, G., Brenton, J., and Drysdale, D., "Fire Suppression by Water Sprays", Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 26, , Ministry of Transport, Project Safety Test Report on Fire Tests, Public Works and Water Management of the Netherlands, August Hejny, H., UPTUN Report work package 2 Fire development and mitigation measures D231 Evaluation of Current Mitigation Technologies in Existing Tunnels, Task 2.3 Final Report, July Opstad K., Stensaas, J. P., and Brandt, A.W., UPTUN work package 2 Fire development and mitigation measures D241 Development of new innovative technologies October Ingason, H., Model Scale Tunnel Tests with Water Spray, Fire Safety Journal, 43(7), , Ko, Y., Kashef, A., and Hadjisophocleous, G., Modeling of smoke movement during the early stage of tunnel fires under different ventilation conditions. Proceedings of the International Congress of Smoke Control in Buildings and Tunnels, , Santander, Spain, 16, October, Ko, Y., Michels, R., and Hadjisophocleous, G., Instrumentation Design for HRR Measurements in a Large-scale Fire Facility. Fire Technology, [Online]. Available: 8. Huggett, C., Estimation of the Rate of Heat Release by means of Oxygen Consumption, Fire and Materials, 4, 61-65, Babrauskas, V., Estimating Large Pool Fire Burning Rate, Fire Technology, 19, , Wu, Y., and Bakar, M. Z. A., Control of Smoke Flow in Tunnel Fires using Longitudinal Ventilation systems a Study of the Critical Velocity, Fire Safety Journal, 35, , Dlugogorski, B. Z., Mawhinney, J. R. and Duc, V. H., "The Measurement of Heat Release Rates by Oxygen Comsumption Calorimetry in Fires under Suppression," Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium, International Association for Fire Safety Science, , June National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), NFPA 13 Standard for Installation of Sprinkler Systems, NFPA, Quincy, Massachusetts, Milke, J. A., Hugue, D. E., Hoskins, B. L., and Carroll, J. P., Tenability Analyses in Performance-Based Design Methods for Appraising the Effects of Exposure to Smoke or Heat from a Fire, Fire Protection Engineering, 28, 50-57,

The first tunnel fire. Benefits of fire

The first tunnel fire. Benefits of fire Benefits of fire suppression Quantifying the effects of suppression on energy release. This article by Fathi Tarada, managing director of fire safety, risk management, ventilation and CFD consultant Mosen

More information

RADIATION BLOCKAGE EFFECTS BY WATER CURTAIN

RADIATION BLOCKAGE EFFECTS BY WATER CURTAIN , Volume 6, Number 4, p.248-254, 04 RADIATION BLOCKAGE EFFECTS BY WATER CURTAIN C.L. Choi Department of Building Services Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China ABSTRACT Water

More information

Sprinklers Modeling for Tunnel Road Fire Fighting

Sprinklers Modeling for Tunnel Road Fire Fighting Sprinklers Modeling for Tunnel Road Fire Fighting P. Ciambelli, M.G. Meo, P. Russo, S. Vaccaro Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, University of Salerno - ITALY 1. INTRODUCTION Loss of lives and

More information

Using FDS Modelling to Establish Performance Criteria for Water Mist Systems on Very Large Fires in Tunnels

Using FDS Modelling to Establish Performance Criteria for Water Mist Systems on Very Large Fires in Tunnels Using FDS Modelling to Establish Performance Criteria for Water Mist Systems on Very Large Fires in Tunnels Jack R. Mawhinney, P. Eng., FSFPE Javier J. Trelles, Ph.D. Authors & acknowledgement J. R. Mawhinney

More information

SOLIT PROJECT: WATER MIST FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS AS PART OF THE TUNNEL SAFETY SYSTEM

SOLIT PROJECT: WATER MIST FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS AS PART OF THE TUNNEL SAFETY SYSTEM - 157 - SOLIT PROJECT: WATER MIST FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS AS PART OF THE TUNNEL SAFETY SYSTEM Kratzmeir S. FOGTEC Fire Protection, Research & Development, Germany Keywords: Fire Protection, Fire suppression,

More information

WATER MIST FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS FOR INDUSTRIAL CABLE TUNNELS AND TURBINE HALLS

WATER MIST FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS FOR INDUSTRIAL CABLE TUNNELS AND TURBINE HALLS WATER MIST FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS FOR INDUSTRIAL CABLE TUNNELS AND TURBINE HALLS Jukka Vaari 1, Amit Lior 2 1 2 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland Marioff Corporation Oy, Vantaa,

More information

Overview of the PRISME project Technical Description and Main Outcomes

Overview of the PRISME project Technical Description and Main Outcomes OECD PRISME Project on Fire Propagation Final Seminar Overview of the PRISME project Technical Description and Main Outcomes Audouin L., Rigollet L., Pretrel H., Le Saux W. IRSN / ETIC Summary (1) Context

More information

Sprinklers in Combustible Concealed Spaces

Sprinklers in Combustible Concealed Spaces Sprinklers in Combustible Concealed Spaces G.D. Lougheed and J.K. Richardson Fire Research Section Institute for Research in Construction National Research Council Canada Ottawa, Ontario SUMMARY NFPA 13

More information

Impact of quick incident detection on safety in terms of ventilation response

Impact of quick incident detection on safety in terms of ventilation response Impact of quick incident detection on safety in terms of ventilation response P. J. Sturm 1) ; C. Forster 2) ; B. Kohl 2) ; M. Bacher 1) 1) Institute for Internal Combustion Engines and Thermodynamics

More information

FINDINGS FROM FIRE TESTS IN TUNNEL CONSTRUCTIONS WITH VENTILATION SYSTEMS AND FIXED FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS

FINDINGS FROM FIRE TESTS IN TUNNEL CONSTRUCTIONS WITH VENTILATION SYSTEMS AND FIXED FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS - 203 - FINDINGS FROM FIRE TESTS IN TUNNEL CONSTRUCTIONS WITH VENTILATION SYSTEMS AND FIXED FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS Hofer R., IBS Institute for Technical Fire Protection and Safety Research, Linz / Austria

More information

STUDY FOR SAFETY AT A RELATIVELY SHORT TUNNEL WHEN A TUNNEL FIRE OCCURRED

STUDY FOR SAFETY AT A RELATIVELY SHORT TUNNEL WHEN A TUNNEL FIRE OCCURRED - 133 - STUDY FOR SAFETY AT A RELATIVELY SHORT TUNNEL WHEN A TUNNEL FIRE OCCURRED Y. Mikame 1,2, N. Kawabata 1, M. Seike 1, M. Hasegawa 1 1 Kanazawa University, Japan 2 Metropolitan Expressway Company

More information

Test One: The Uncontrolled Compartment Fire

Test One: The Uncontrolled Compartment Fire The University of Edinburgh BRE Centre for Fire Safety Engineering One Day Symposium on The Dalmarnock Fire Tests: Experiments & Modelling Test One: The Uncontrolled Compartment Fire Cecilia Abecassis

More information

EMERGENCY VENTILATION FOR SMOKE CONTROL IN ROADWAY TUNNELS (NCHRP PROJECT TASK 363)

EMERGENCY VENTILATION FOR SMOKE CONTROL IN ROADWAY TUNNELS (NCHRP PROJECT TASK 363) EMERGENCY VENTILATION FOR SMOKE CONTROL IN ROADWAY TUNNELS (NCHRP PROJECT 20-07 TASK 363) Louis Ruzzi PennDOT District 11 Igor Maevski, PhD, PE - Jacobs Agenda AASHTO T20 Technical Committee Roadway Tunnels

More information

THE IMPACT OF FIXED FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEMS ON TUNNEL SAFETY THE BURNLEY INCIDENT IN A CURRENT THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE

THE IMPACT OF FIXED FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEMS ON TUNNEL SAFETY THE BURNLEY INCIDENT IN A CURRENT THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE THE IMPACT OF FIXED FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEMS ON TUNNEL SAFETY THE BURNLEY INCIDENT IN A CURRENT THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE ABSTRACT Arnold Dix Scientist and Lawyer Associate Professor, University of Western

More information

Large scale fire tests with fixed fire fighting system in Runehamar tunnel

Large scale fire tests with fixed fire fighting system in Runehamar tunnel Large scale fire tests with fixed fire fighting system in Runehamar tunnel Haukur Ingason Glenn Appel Ying Zhen Li SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden Fire Technology SP Report 214:32 Large scale

More information

Recent Advances in Fire Suppression Modeling Issues & Perspectives of Fire Safety Engineering Applications

Recent Advances in Fire Suppression Modeling Issues & Perspectives of Fire Safety Engineering Applications Recent Advances in Fire Suppression Modeling Issues & Perspectives of Fire Safety Engineering Applications Pianet Grégoire Studies and modelling section manager Fire and Environmental Department, CNPP

More information

and Sprinkler System in Resalat Tunnel of Tehran

and Sprinkler System in Resalat Tunnel of Tehran CFD Simulation of Water Mist and Sprinkler System in Resalat Tunnel of Tehran Motivation Resalat tunnel is the first road tunnel in Tehran one of most crowded tunnels of Tehran my every day route, home

More information

1.0 INTRODUCTION. Shaw Industries Group 2 SwRI Project No c

1.0 INTRODUCTION. Shaw Industries Group 2 SwRI Project No c 1.0 INTRODUCTION This report presents the results of a fire performance evaluation in accordance with the 2011 Edition of National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Standard 265, Standard Methods of Fire

More information

J. R. Qualey III, L. Desmarais, J. Pratt Simplex Time Recorder Co., 100 Simplex Drive, Westminster, MA 01441

J. R. Qualey III, L. Desmarais, J. Pratt Simplex Time Recorder Co., 100 Simplex Drive, Westminster, MA 01441 J. R. Qualey III, L. Desmarais, J. Pratt Simplex Time Recorder Co., 100 Simplex Drive, Westminster, MA 01441 Response-Time Comparisons of Ionization and Photoelectric/Heat Detectors 1. Introduction Despite

More information

IMPROVING VENTILATION AND PASSIVE PROTECTION WITH FFFS

IMPROVING VENTILATION AND PASSIVE PROTECTION WITH FFFS - 195 - IMPROVING VENTILATION AND PASSIVE PROTECTION WITH FFFS Rajko Rothe; IFAB, Berlin, Germany Max Lakkonen and Dirk Sprakel, FOGTEC Fire Protection, Cologne, Germany ABSTRACT This paper discusses the

More information

Smoldering Propagation Characteristics of Flexible Polyurethane Foam under Different Air Flow Rates

Smoldering Propagation Characteristics of Flexible Polyurethane Foam under Different Air Flow Rates Smoldering Propagation Characteristics of Flexible Polyurethane Foam under Different Air Flow Rates Zhou Y., Fei Y.*, Hu S. Q. Nanjing Tech University, College of Fire Safety Science and Engineering &

More information

Cone Calorimeter. (ISO 5660 ASTM E 1354) The most comprehensive bench scale fire test THE BENCHMARK IN FIRE TESTING

Cone Calorimeter. (ISO 5660 ASTM E 1354) The most comprehensive bench scale fire test THE BENCHMARK IN FIRE TESTING Cone Calorimeter (ISO 5660 ASTM E 1354) The most comprehensive bench scale fire test THE BENCHMARK IN FIRE TESTING Cone Calorimeter (ISO 5660 ASTM E 1354) The most comprehensive bench scale fire test The

More information

TECHNICAL TRADE-OFFS USING FIXED FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEMS

TECHNICAL TRADE-OFFS USING FIXED FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEMS - 12 - TECHNICAL TRADE-OFFS USING FIXED FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEMS H. Ingason and Y.Z. Li, SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden ABSTRACT The increasing use of fixed fire-fighting system (FFFS) in tunnels

More information

FIRE DYNAMICS IN FAÇADE FIRE TESTS: Measurement, modeling and repeatability

FIRE DYNAMICS IN FAÇADE FIRE TESTS: Measurement, modeling and repeatability Proceedings of the International Conference in Dubrovnik, 15-16 October 2015 FIRE DYNAMICS IN FAÇADE FIRE TESTS: Measurement, modeling and repeatability Johan Anderson a, Lars Boström a, Robert Jansson

More information

Developing a Fire Test Strategy for Storage Protection Under Sloped Ceilings

Developing a Fire Test Strategy for Storage Protection Under Sloped Ceilings Developing a Fire Test Strategy for Storage Protection Under Sloped Ceilings Justin A. Geiman, Noah L. Ryder Fire & Risk Alliance, Rockville, MD, USA André W. Marshall Custom Spray Solutions, Silver Spring,

More information

Fire and smoke management in a uni-directional road tunnel for a congested traffic condition

Fire and smoke management in a uni-directional road tunnel for a congested traffic condition Fire and smoke management in a uni-directional road tunnel for a congested traffic condition Y Liu, J Munro Parsons Brinckerhoff Australia B Dandie Thiess Pty Ltd., Australia ABSTRACT Emergency smoke ventilation

More information

ASSESSMENT OF FIRE BEHAVIOUR OF TIMBER PARTITION MATERIALS WITH A ROOM CALORIMETER

ASSESSMENT OF FIRE BEHAVIOUR OF TIMBER PARTITION MATERIALS WITH A ROOM CALORIMETER , Volume 9, Number 1, p.38-58, 2007 ASSESSMENT OF FIRE BEHAVIOUR OF TIMBER PARTITION MATERIALS WITH A ROOM CALORIMETER C.W. Leung and W.K. Chow Department of Building Services Engineering, The Hong Kong

More information

Optimisation of ventilation systems costs by using fixed fire fighting systems (FFFS) in tunnels

Optimisation of ventilation systems costs by using fixed fire fighting systems (FFFS) in tunnels Optimisation of ventilation systems costs by using fixed fire fighting systems (FFFS) in tunnels Rajko Rothe IFAB Institute for applied fire safety research, Berlin, Germany Max Lakkonen, Tobias Hoffmann

More information

ASSESSING THE FIRE PERFORMANCE OF ELECTRIC CABLES (FIPEC)

ASSESSING THE FIRE PERFORMANCE OF ELECTRIC CABLES (FIPEC) ASSESSING THE FIRE PERFORMANCE OF ELECTRIC CABLES (FIPEC) P. Van Hees and J. Axelsson, SP Sweden, S. J. Grayson and A. M. Green, Interscience Communications UK, H Breulet, ISSeP Belgium and U Vercellotti,

More information

OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY

OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY FIRED HEATER DESIGN This case study demonstrates the implementation of an API 560 fired heater compound component in Flownex. It also shows how Flownex has been used during the process design and preliminary

More information

Impact of Tunnel Ventilation on Tunnel Fixed Fire Suppression System

Impact of Tunnel Ventilation on Tunnel Fixed Fire Suppression System Impact of Tunnel Ventilation on Tunnel Fixed Fire Suppression System Igor Maevski, PhD, PE Jacobs Engineering, ASHRAE Member Raymond C. Klein, PE Jacobs Engineering, ASHRAE Member ABSTRACT Recently there

More information

Fire Suppression Performance of Manually Applied CAF and Other Water Based System

Fire Suppression Performance of Manually Applied CAF and Other Water Based System Fire Suppression Performance of Manually Applied CAF and Other Water Based System Andrew Kim and George Crampton Fire Suppression Research and Applications A Technical Working Conference (SUPDET2012) Outline

More information

POSITION PAPER ON WATER MIST FOR FIRE FIGHTING APPLICATIONS

POSITION PAPER ON WATER MIST FOR FIRE FIGHTING APPLICATIONS FIRE EXTINGUISHING INSTALLATIONS SECTION POSITION PAPER ON WATER MIST FOR FIRE FIGHTING APPLICATIONS Version 1 29-09-04 0 Eurofeu position paper on water mist for fire fighting applications 1 Scope The

More information

Experimental Study to Evaluate Smoke Stratification and Layer Height in Highly Ventilated Compartments

Experimental Study to Evaluate Smoke Stratification and Layer Height in Highly Ventilated Compartments Experimental Study to Evaluate Smoke Stratification and Layer Height in Highly Ventilated Compartments Jason Huczek a, Marc Janssens a, Kentaro Onaka b, Stephen Turner c a SwRI, 6220 Culebra Road, San

More information

TUNPROTEC. Active Tunnel Fire Protection

TUNPROTEC. Active Tunnel Fire Protection VID FIre KIll TUNPROTEC Active Tunnel Fire Protection 9 An Active Tunnel Fire General The tunnel structures are very valuable. Infrastructure tunnels, such as train tunnels and road tunnels represent very

More information

CHOOSING A FIRE VENTILATION STRATEGY FOR AN UNDERGROUND METRO STATION

CHOOSING A FIRE VENTILATION STRATEGY FOR AN UNDERGROUND METRO STATION - 165 - CHOOSING A FIRE VENTILATION STRATEGY FOR AN UNDERGROUND METRO STATION Wojciech Węgrzyński, Grzegorz Krajewski, Paweł Sulik Fire Research Department, Building Research Institute (ITB), Poland ABSTRACT

More information

First Revision No. 6-NFPA [ Section No. 2.2 ]

First Revision No. 6-NFPA [ Section No. 2.2 ] Page 1 of 18 First Revision No. 6-NFPA 555-2014 [ Section No. 2.2 ] 2.2 NFPA Publications. National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471. NFPA 12, Standard on Carbon

More information

How to Use Fire Risk Assessment Tools to Evaluate Performance Based Designs

How to Use Fire Risk Assessment Tools to Evaluate Performance Based Designs How to Use Fire Risk Assessment Tools to Evaluate Performance Based Designs 1 ABSTRACT Noureddine Benichou and Ahmed H. Kashef * Institute for Research in Construction National Research Council of Canada

More information

The Science Behind Water Mist Protection of Typical Building Hazards

The Science Behind Water Mist Protection of Typical Building Hazards The Science Behind Water Mist Protection of Typical Building Hazards SUPDET 2014 Zachary Magnone, P.E. Zachary.Magnone@tycofp.com Presentation Goals What is water mist? How does it work? How is it tested

More information

RESEARCH TECHNICAL REPORT. SMART Sprinkler Protection for Highly Challenging Fires - Phase 2: Full-Scale Fire Tests in Rack Storage

RESEARCH TECHNICAL REPORT. SMART Sprinkler Protection for Highly Challenging Fires - Phase 2: Full-Scale Fire Tests in Rack Storage RESEARCH TECHNICAL REPORT SMART Sprinkler Protection for Highly Challenging Fires - Phase 2: Full-Scale Fire Tests in Rack Storage SMART Sprinkler Protection for Highly Challenging Fires - Phase 2: Full-Scale

More information

Preliminary investigations of smoke movement through HVAC systems and duct smoke detectors. Lougheed, G.D.; McCartney, C.; Carpenter, D.W.

Preliminary investigations of smoke movement through HVAC systems and duct smoke detectors. Lougheed, G.D.; McCartney, C.; Carpenter, D.W. Preliminary investigations of smoke movement through HVAC systems and duct smoke detectors Lougheed, G.D.; McCartney, C.; Carpenter, D.W. NRCC-46405 A version of this document is published in / Une version

More information

Study of Numerical Analysis on Smoke Exhaust Performance of Portable Smoke Exhaust Fan

Study of Numerical Analysis on Smoke Exhaust Performance of Portable Smoke Exhaust Fan Open Journal of Fluid Dynamics, 2017, 7, 205-218 http://www.scirp.org/journal/ojfd ISSN Online: 2165-3860 ISSN Print: 2165-3852 Study of Numerical Analysis on Smoke Exhaust Performance of Portable Smoke

More information

MULTI-CHANNEL R134A TWO-PHASE FLOW MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE FOR AUTOMOBILE AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM

MULTI-CHANNEL R134A TWO-PHASE FLOW MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE FOR AUTOMOBILE AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM Proceedings of ASME FEDSM 3 4 th ASME_JSME Joint Fluids Engineering Conference Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, July 6-1, 23 MULTI-CHANNEL R134A TWO-PHASE FLOW MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE FOR AUTOMOBILE AIR-CONDITIONING

More information

Innovative Solutions for Active Fire Protection in Road/Rail Tunnels and Underground Facilities

Innovative Solutions for Active Fire Protection in Road/Rail Tunnels and Underground Facilities Innovative Solutions for Active Fire Protection in Road/Rail Tunnels and Underground Facilities Roger A. Dirksmeier, FOGTEC Fire Protection, Germany Fire Protection Conference Tel Aviv, 4 th of April 2016

More information

Considerations in the Design of Smoke Management Systems for Atriums

Considerations in the Design of Smoke Management Systems for Atriums Construction Technology Update No. 48 Considerations in the Design of Smoke Management Systems for Atriums by G.D. Lougheed This Update discusses the use of an engineered approach to the design of smoke

More information

THE EFFECT OF A WATER MIST SYSTEM ON LARGE-SCALE TUNNEL FIRES

THE EFFECT OF A WATER MIST SYSTEM ON LARGE-SCALE TUNNEL FIRES - 211 - THE EFFECT OF A WATER MIST SYSTEM ON LARGE-SCALE TUNNEL FIRES Ir. Victor Meeussen, Ir. Tony Lemaire, Efectis, The Netherlands DI Georg Reichsthaler, Helmut Kern, Aquasys, Austria Ir. M.P. Oude

More information

Full-scale Experiment of Longitudinal Ventilation Smoke Control System and Central Smoke Exhaust System in City Underwater Tunnel

Full-scale Experiment of Longitudinal Ventilation Smoke Control System and Central Smoke Exhaust System in City Underwater Tunnel Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia Engineering 52 ( 2013 ) 330 335 Full-scale Experiment of Longitudinal Ventilation Smoke Control System and Central Smoke Exhaust System in City Underwater

More information

Automated Fire Detection and Suppression in a Retrofitted Tunnel Using Fiber-Optic Linear Heat Detection

Automated Fire Detection and Suppression in a Retrofitted Tunnel Using Fiber-Optic Linear Heat Detection Automated Fire Detection and Suppression in a Retrofitted Tunnel Using Fiber-Optic Linear Heat Detection Julio Toko, Martin Fromme, Bernd Horbach and Wieland Hill LIOS Technology GmbH, Cologne, Germany

More information

CERBERUS: A NEW MODEL TO ESTIMATE SIZE AND SPREAD FOR FIRES IN TUNNELS WITH LONGITUDINAL VENTILATION

CERBERUS: A NEW MODEL TO ESTIMATE SIZE AND SPREAD FOR FIRES IN TUNNELS WITH LONGITUDINAL VENTILATION - 69 - CERBERUS: A NEW MODEL TO ESTIMATE SIZE AND SPREAD FOR FIRES IN TUNNELS WITH LONGITUDINAL VENTILATION R.O. Carvel, A.N. Beard & P.W. Jowitt Department of Civil and Offshore Engineering, Heriot-Watt

More information

Compression of Fins pipe and simple Heat pipe Using CFD

Compression of Fins pipe and simple Heat pipe Using CFD Compression of Fins pipe and simple Heat pipe Using CFD 1. Prof.Bhoodev Mudgal 2. Prof. Gaurav Bhadoriya (e-mail-devmudgal.mudgal@gmail.com) ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to identify the advantages

More information

Explosion Protection of an Armoured Vehicle Crew Compartment with Water Mist. Andrew Kim and George Crampton

Explosion Protection of an Armoured Vehicle Crew Compartment with Water Mist. Andrew Kim and George Crampton Explosion Protection of an Armoured Vehicle Crew Compartment with Water Mist Andrew Kim and George Crampton Fire Research Program, National Research Council of Canada 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario,

More information

ZONE MODEL VERIFICATION BY ELECTRIC HEATER

ZONE MODEL VERIFICATION BY ELECTRIC HEATER , Volume 6, Number 4, p.284-290, 2004 ZONE MODEL VERIFICATION BY ELECTRIC HEATER Y.T. Chan Department of Building Services Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China ABSTRACT Selecting

More information

Mobile ventilation units in tunnels

Mobile ventilation units in tunnels Mobile ventilation units in tunnels Xavier Deckers Mathieu Verpaele FIRE ENGINEERED SOLUTIONS GHENT BVBA (FESG) Oudenaardsesteenweg 32 G B - 9000 Gent T: +32 9 280 03 69 E: info@fesg.be W: www.fesg.be

More information

REVIEW ON WATER MIST FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM

REVIEW ON WATER MIST FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM , Volume 5, Number 4, p.170-175, 2003 REVIEW ON WATER MIST FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM N. Zhu Department of Building Services Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China ABSTRACT Water

More information

NUMERICAL STUDIES ON BARE CABIN FIRES WITH OPERATION OF SMOKE EXTRACTION SYSTEM

NUMERICAL STUDIES ON BARE CABIN FIRES WITH OPERATION OF SMOKE EXTRACTION SYSTEM , Volume 11, Number 2, p.43-48, 2012 NUMERICAL STUDIES ON BARE CABIN FIRES WITH OPERATION OF SMOKE EXTRACTION SYSTEM Q. Kui Institute of Building Fire Research, China Academy of Building Research, Beijing,

More information

Analysis of the influence of open door size on fire smoke diffusion law in protective engineering

Analysis of the influence of open door size on fire smoke diffusion law in protective engineering Analysis of the influence of open door size on fire smoke diffusion law in protective engineering Abstract Zheli Xing a, Jinfeng Mao b, Chaofeng Li c and Jin Zhou d PLA University of Science and Technology,

More information

Fire and Smoke Management in a Uni-Directional Road Tunnel for a Congested Traffic Condition

Fire and Smoke Management in a Uni-Directional Road Tunnel for a Congested Traffic Condition International Journal of Ventilation ISSN 1473-3315 Volume 8 No 4 Fire and Smoke Management in a Uni-Directional Road Tunnel for a Congested Traffic Condition Y. Liu 1, J. Munro 1 and B. Dandie 2 1 Parsons

More information

Fire Detection and Fire Fighting Testing and Approval on Railway Vehicles

Fire Detection and Fire Fighting Testing and Approval on Railway Vehicles Fire Detection and Fire Fighting Testing and Approval on Railway Vehicles Peter Stahl Wagner Schweiz AG, Wallisellen, Switzerland Abstract Fire detection system and firefighting solutions are getting a

More information

Experiments to Validate the NRCC Smoke Movement Model for Fire Risk-Cost Assessment

Experiments to Validate the NRCC Smoke Movement Model for Fire Risk-Cost Assessment Experiments to Validate the NRCC Smoke Movement Model for Fire Risk-Cost Assessment AKIHIKO HOKUGO Building Research Institute Ministry of Construction Tatehara I, Tsukuba-City 305, Japan DAVID YUNG and

More information

A Numerical study of the Fire-extinguishing Performance of Water Mist in an Opening Machinery Space

A Numerical study of the Fire-extinguishing Performance of Water Mist in an Opening Machinery Space Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia Engineering 31 (2012) 734 738 International Conference on Advances in Computational Modeling and Simulation A Numerical study of the Fire-extinguishing

More information

Proven Fire Fighting Efficiency for Large Transformers with High Pressure Water Mist

Proven Fire Fighting Efficiency for Large Transformers with High Pressure Water Mist Proven Fire Fighting Efficiency for Large Transformers with High Pressure Water Mist Dipl.-Ing. Rüdiger Kopp FOGTEC Fire Protection ruediger.kopp@fogtec.com 1 Water Mist for Transformer Fire Protection

More information

Physical Scaling of Water Mist Suppression of Pool Fires in Enclosures

Physical Scaling of Water Mist Suppression of Pool Fires in Enclosures Physical Scaling of Water Mist Suppression of Pool Fires in Enclosures HONG-ZENG YU FM Global 1151 Boston-Providence Turnpike Norwood, MA 62 ABSTRACT A series of fire suppression experiments was conducted

More information

Variable far infrared radiation (VFIR) technique for cubic carrot drying

Variable far infrared radiation (VFIR) technique for cubic carrot drying International Journal of Renewable Energy, Vol. 7, No. 2, July - December 2012 Variable far infrared radiation (VFIR) technique for cubic carrot drying Sirinuch Chindaruksa a *, Pisit Maneechot b, Seishu

More information

Gerd Koffmane, Henrik Hoff, AP Sensing GmbH, Böblingen

Gerd Koffmane, Henrik Hoff, AP Sensing GmbH, Böblingen Linear Heat Series Under Test: Extensive fire tests prove Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) enables fast and reliable control of fire protection systems in road and rail tunnels Gerd Koffmane, Henrik

More information

Investigating the Effects of Sprinkler Sprays on Fire-Induced Doorway Flows: A Two-Part Study. Jeremiah Crocker and Dr. Bin Xiao New Technology Team

Investigating the Effects of Sprinkler Sprays on Fire-Induced Doorway Flows: A Two-Part Study. Jeremiah Crocker and Dr. Bin Xiao New Technology Team Jeremiah Crocker and Dr. Bin Xiao New Technology Team Copyright 2010 Tyco Fire Suppression & Building Products. All rights reserved. The products and specifications published herein are for general evaluation

More information

CFD Analysis of Fire Characteristics on Subway Junction Station

CFD Analysis of Fire Characteristics on Subway Junction Station ISGSR27 First International Symposium on Geotechnical Safety & Risk Oct. 18~19, 27 Shanghai Tongji University, China CFD Analysis of Fire Characteristics on Subway Junction Station G. H. Wu, X. Han, Q.Q.

More information

Modeling a real backdraft incident fire

Modeling a real backdraft incident fire Advanced Computational Methods in Heat Transfer IX 279 Modeling a real backdraft incident fire A. Tinaburri 1 & M. Mazzaro 2 1 Central Direction for Prevention and Technical Safety, Firefighters, Public

More information

FIXED FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEMS IN TUNNELS INTEGRATION AND COMPENSATION

FIXED FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEMS IN TUNNELS INTEGRATION AND COMPENSATION FIXED FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEMS IN TUNNELS INTEGRATION AND COMPENSATION Stefan Kratzmeir*, IFAB Institute for applied fire safety research, Rostock, Germany Max Lakkonen, FOGTEC Fire Protection, Cologne, Germany

More information

Examination of Performance of Water Mist Fire Suppression Systems under Ventilation Conditions

Examination of Performance of Water Mist Fire Suppression Systems under Ventilation Conditions Examination of Performance of Water Mist Fire Suppression Systems under Ventilation Conditions ZHIGANG LIU,* ANDREW K. KIM AND JOSEPH Z. SU Fire Risk Management, Institute for Research in Construction,

More information

Tunnel Fire Dynamics

Tunnel Fire Dynamics Tunnel Fire Dynamics Haukur Ingason Ying Zhen Li Anders Lönnermark Tunnel Fire Dynamics 1 3 Haukur Ingason Fire Research SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden Borås Sweden Anders Lönnermark Fire Research

More information

Aspirating Gas Detection CFD Modelling Predicts Application Performance

Aspirating Gas Detection CFD Modelling Predicts Application Performance Aspirating Gas Detection CFD Modelling Predicts Application Performance Yun Jiang Xtralis, Bentleigh East, Australia Claudio Groppetti Xtralis, Avon, MA, USA Abstract Historically gas detection has utilized

More information

Modeling water-mist based suppression of 34 GJ car-deck fires using FDS

Modeling water-mist based suppression of 34 GJ car-deck fires using FDS Modeling water-mist based suppression of 34 GJ car-deck fires using FDS S. Li, R. Acharya, M. Colket, V. Sankaran, G. Poncia United Technologies Research Center L. Torpo Marioff Corporation March 1 st,

More information

The Mont Blanc tunnel project. Eric CESMAT, Sylvain DESANGHERE

The Mont Blanc tunnel project. Eric CESMAT, Sylvain DESANGHERE The Mont Blanc tunnel project Eric CESMAT, Sylvain DESANGHERE 24/09/2009 International water mist conference 2009 Fires in tunnel Car fire > 4 to 8 MW Van fire > 15 MW HGV fire > 30 MW Big HGV fire > 100

More information

In Search of Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) for ASTM E05 Fire Standards by. Norman Alvares & Harry Hasegawa

In Search of Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) for ASTM E05 Fire Standards by. Norman Alvares & Harry Hasegawa In Search of Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) for ASTM E05 Fire Standards by Norman Alvares & Harry Hasegawa First Paragraph of E-691 Tests performed on presumably identical materials in presumably

More information

The Loss prevention Council. Phase 1 report

The Loss prevention Council. Phase 1 report Phase 1 report Title: Investigation of the suitability of the Actual Delivered Density Apparatus (ADD) for the performance evaluation of standard sprinklers as described in Insurance Services project proposal

More information

Evaluation on Combustion Characteristics of Finishing Materials for Exterior Walls

Evaluation on Combustion Characteristics of Finishing Materials for Exterior Walls Journal of Mechanics Engineering and Automation 5 (2015) 465-471 doi: 10.17265/2159-5275/2015.08.007 D DAVID PUBLISHING Evaluation on Combustion Characteristics of Finishing Materials for Exterior Walls

More information

Research on Mobile Water Spray Device Reducing the Temperature of Metro Fire

Research on Mobile Water Spray Device Reducing the Temperature of Metro Fire Applied Mechanics and Materials Online: 2012-05-14 ISSN: 1662-7482, Vols. 166-169, pp 2731-2734 doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.2731 2012 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland Research on Mobile

More information

Project description and planning of large-scale tests in Runehamar tunnel

Project description and planning of large-scale tests in Runehamar tunnel Project description and planning of large-scale tests in Runehamar tunnel August 2003 Prepared by: Haukur Ingason, SP Swedish National esting and Research Institute Anders Lönnermark, SP able of content

More information

FULL-SCALE FIRE TESTS OF A TWO-STORY CROSS-LAMINATED TIMBER STRUCTURE

FULL-SCALE FIRE TESTS OF A TWO-STORY CROSS-LAMINATED TIMBER STRUCTURE FULL-SCALE FIRE TESTS OF A TWO-STORY CROSS-LAMINATED TIMBER STRUCTURE Laura E. Hasburgh 1, Samuel L. Zelinka 1, Keith J. Bourne 1, David R. Tucholski 2, Jason P. Ouellette 2 ABSTRACT: There is a current

More information

RESEARCH TECHNICAL REPORT. SMART Sprinkler Protection for Highly Challenging Fires Phase 1: System Design and Function Evaluation

RESEARCH TECHNICAL REPORT. SMART Sprinkler Protection for Highly Challenging Fires Phase 1: System Design and Function Evaluation RESEARCH TECHNICAL REPORT SMART Sprinkler Protection for Highly Challenging Fires Phase : System Design and Function Evaluation SMART Sprinkler Protection for Highly Challenging Fires Phase : System Design

More information

Tunnel Fire Dynamics and Evacuation Simulations

Tunnel Fire Dynamics and Evacuation Simulations Tunnel Fire Dynamics and Evacuation Simulations James Priest, PhD & James Niehoff DGS-SEE Seminar on Fire Protection for Physics Research Facilities 7 & 8 October 2015 Introduction (Background) Presentation

More information

Advantages and Disadvantages of Fire Modelling

Advantages and Disadvantages of Fire Modelling Advantages and Disadvantages of Fire Modelling Dr Guillermo Rein School of Engineering University of Edinburgh & Imperial College London Dr Guillermo Rein 9 May 2012 Chief Fire Officers Association Annual

More information

CFD Model of a Specific Fire Scenario

CFD Model of a Specific Fire Scenario 16 th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference Crown Plaza, Gold Coast, Australia 2-7 December 27 CFD Model of a Specific Fire Scenario D. Mackay, T. Barber and E. Leonardi School of Mechanical and Manufacturing

More information

6B-2 6th Asia-Oceania Symposium on Fire Science and Technology 17-20, March, 2004, Daegu, Korea

6B-2 6th Asia-Oceania Symposium on Fire Science and Technology 17-20, March, 2004, Daegu, Korea 6B-2 6th Asia-Oceania Symposium on Fire Science and Technology 17-20, March, 2004, Daegu, Korea CONDUCTING A FULL-SCALE EXPERIMENT ON A RAIL PASSENGER CAR ABSTRACT N. White and V.P. Dowling CSIRO Fire

More information

Interaction of Water Extinguishing Systems and Smoke and Heat Exhaust Ventilation Systems (SHEVS)

Interaction of Water Extinguishing Systems and Smoke and Heat Exhaust Ventilation Systems (SHEVS) Fire Protection Leaflet Interaction of Water Extinguishing Systems and Smoke and Heat Exhaust Ventilation Systems (SHEVS) 0 General Regulations and recommendations missing from this leaflet do not entitle

More information

Reference to the Smoke Damage Index (SDI) is needed as it is part of the test method.

Reference to the Smoke Damage Index (SDI) is needed as it is part of the test method. Public Input No. 4-NFPA 287-2014 [ Section No. 1.2.3.2 ] 1.2.3.2 Indices resulting from the test methods include critical heat flux (CHF), thermal response parameter (TRP), fire propagation index (FPI),

More information

Fire Suppression. Water-Mist : A Revolutionary Green Technology in. - by Nimit Sheth TALL, SMART, SAFE BUILDINGS FOR SMART CITIES.

Fire Suppression. Water-Mist : A Revolutionary Green Technology in. - by Nimit Sheth TALL, SMART, SAFE BUILDINGS FOR SMART CITIES. Water-Mist : A Revolutionary Green Technology in Fire Suppression - by Nimit Sheth Introduction Water-Mist... A Revolutionary Green Technology in Fire Suppression is being researched for more than 50-years

More information

Case Study 1 Underground Car Park

Case Study 1 Underground Car Park Case Study 1 Underground Car Park Dorota Brzezińska 1, Janusz Paliszek 2, Piotr Smardz 2, Renata Ollesz 1, Karol Kaczor 2 1 Lodz University of Technology, GRID - Lodz, 2 INBEPO Wroclaw, Poland Building

More information

WATER MIST CONVENTION AND EXHIBITION

WATER MIST CONVENTION AND EXHIBITION INTERNATIONAL WATER MIST ASSOCIATION IWMA SEMINARS S ON WATER MIST TECHNOLOGY DUBAI INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION AND EXHIBITION CENTRE Water mist fire protection: The most innovative fire fighting technology

More information

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE NEW SOUTH WALES FIRE BRIGADE COMPARTMENT FIRE BEHAVIOUR TRAINING TEST CELL

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE NEW SOUTH WALES FIRE BRIGADE COMPARTMENT FIRE BEHAVIOUR TRAINING TEST CELL , Volume 9, Number 4, p.154-162, 7 NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE NEW SOUTH WALES FIRE BRIGADE COMPARTMENT FIRE BEHAVIOUR TRAINING TEST CELL D. Mackay and T. Barber School of Mechanical and Manufacturing

More information

Sandeep V. Lutade 1, Krunal Mudafale 2, Ranjan Kishore Mallick 3 1, 2

Sandeep V. Lutade 1, Krunal Mudafale 2, Ranjan Kishore Mallick 3 1, 2 A CFD Analysis of Smoke Movement in Steel Industry Sheds Sandeep V. Lutade 1, Krunal Mudafale 2, Ranjan Kishore Mallick 3 1, 2 Mechanical Dept. Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar College of Engineering and Research,

More information

Smoke movement for sprinklered fires. Lougheed, G.D.; McCartney, C.; Taber, B.C.

Smoke movement for sprinklered fires. Lougheed, G.D.; McCartney, C.; Taber, B.C. Smoke movement for sprinklered fires Lougheed, G.D.; McCartney, C.; Taber, B.C. NRCC-43138 Posting courtesy American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. www.ashrae.org

More information

Hot Issues in Fire Engineering 28 February 2012

Hot Issues in Fire Engineering 28 February 2012 Hot Issues in Fire Engineering 28 February 2012 A Note on Cabin Fire Design for Protecting Large Halls W.K. Chow Research Centre for Fire Engineering, Department of Building Services Engineering The Hong

More information

Experimental Room Fire Studies with Perforated Suspended Ceiling

Experimental Room Fire Studies with Perforated Suspended Ceiling Experimental Room Fire Studies with Perforated Suspended Ceiling FIONA S.C. TSUI 1, W.K. CHOW 1, N.K. FONG 1, Y. GAO 2, H. DONG 2, and G.W. ZOU 2 1 Research Centre for Fire Engineering Department of Building

More information

VENTILATION AND SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS IN ROAD TUNNELS: SOME ISSUES REGARDING THEIR APPROPRIATE USE IN A FIRE EMERGENCY

VENTILATION AND SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS IN ROAD TUNNELS: SOME ISSUES REGARDING THEIR APPROPRIATE USE IN A FIRE EMERGENCY VENTILATION AND SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS IN ROAD TUNNELS: SOME ISSUES REGARDING THEIR APPROPRIATE USE IN A FIRE EMERGENCY Ricky Carvel, Guillermo Rein & José L. Torero BRE Centre for Fire Safety Engineering,

More information

Investigation of a Novel Ceiling Panel for Heat and Moisture Control in Buildings

Investigation of a Novel Ceiling Panel for Heat and Moisture Control in Buildings Investigation of a Novel Ceiling Panel for Heat and Moisture Control in Buildings Melanie T. Fauchoux, PhD Student University of Saskatchewan http://www.engr.usask.ca/dept/mee melanie.fauchoux@usask.ca

More information

EEN-E Measurement and Control of Energy Systems DRYING OF BIOMASS IN A FIXED BED DRYER LABORATORY EXERCISE INSTRUCTIONS

EEN-E Measurement and Control of Energy Systems DRYING OF BIOMASS IN A FIXED BED DRYER LABORATORY EXERCISE INSTRUCTIONS EEN-E1040 - Measurement and Control of Energy Systems DRYING OF BIOMASS IN A FIXED BED DRYER LABORATORY EXERCISE INSTRUCTIONS Aalto University Laboratory of Energy Efficiency and Systems 2016 Table of

More information

DESIGN OF AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM FOR SARS WARDS. By Yuguo Li and SARS Busters * Background

DESIGN OF AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM FOR SARS WARDS. By Yuguo Li and SARS Busters * Background DESIGN OF AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM FOR SARS WARDS By Yuguo Li and SARS Busters * Background The hospital care workers (HCWs) have been the most severely affected professions during the SARS epidemics in

More information

Laboratory fire experiments with a 1/3 train carriage mockup

Laboratory fire experiments with a 1/3 train carriage mockup SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden Laboratory fire experiments with a 1/3 train carriage mockup Alexander Claesson, Anders Lönnermark, Haukur Ingason, Johan Lindström, Ying Zhen Li and Mia Kumm

More information

CFD Analysis of temperature dissipation from a hollow metallic pipe through circular fins using Ansys 14.5

CFD Analysis of temperature dissipation from a hollow metallic pipe through circular fins using Ansys 14.5 IJAET International Journal of Application of Engineering and Technology ISSN: 2395-3594 Vol-1 No.-2 CFD Analysis of temperature dissipation from a hollow metallic pipe through circular fins using Ansys

More information