Lighting Controls: The Next Big Thing in Lighting. June 18th, 2014

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1 Lighting Controls: The Next Big Thing in Lighting June 18th, 2014

2 Meet Your Panelists: Mike Carter Sr. Engineer, CEM Kandice Cohen New Business Development Manager Consumers Energy Subject Matter Experts: Tim Voss, Corporate Account Manager, Business Customer Care David MacDonald, Marketing Manager, Consumers Energy Business Solutions Patrick Sackrider, C.E.M, Sr. Engineer - Lead, Business Customer Technical Services 2

3 Background Drivers for Lighting Controls Energy Code Requirements ASHRAE 90.1 IECC Energy Cost Savings Augments reduced wattage lighting Visual Comfort Lighting task requirements Daylight contribution Personal preferences Load Shedding Dimming Shut off 3

4 Background Market Saturation of Lighting Controls The vast majority of lights are not controlled Source: 2012 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings (Navigant Consulting) 4

5 Background Barriers to Lighting Controls Initial cost Perceived complexity Lack of training/certification Poorly educated facility managers Commissioning challenges Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) Design Guide 29, The Commissioning Process Applied to Lighting and Control Systems 5

6 Lighting Codes ASHRAE 90.1 Milestones first published add automatic shutoff Continuous maintenance occupancy sensors required 2010 Bi-level lighting Manual-on switching Receptacle control Daylight harvesting Renovations complete rewrite of the lighting controls requirements 6

7 Lighting Codes Technology Kicks In 7

8 Poll Question Which of the following are considered to be driving the increased use of lighting controls? a) Energy code requirements b) The Affordable Care Act c) Energy cost savings d) Load shedding 8

9 Lighting Codes ASHRAE Energy Standard for Buildings Prerequisite for LEEDv4 Lower lighting power densities (watts/ft 2 ) 0.66 (warehouse) to 1.40 (retail) Electric lighting controls (energy emphasis as well as power) For all interior lighting in buildings Lights OFF within 30 minutes Reduction by at least 50% Display lighting only during shopping hours Manual on or 50% bi-level on Daylight control when top and side daylight is present >250 ft 2 sidelighted >900 ft 2 skylighted Sidelighted 9

10 Lighting Codes ASHRAE Energy Standard for Buildings Electric lighting controls (energy emphasis instead of power) Zone size of no more than 2,500 ft 2 During the nighttime for exterior lighting All façade and landscape lighting Automatic receptacle control (50% of all receptacles) Occupancy sensors and perimeter daylighting for parking garages After 30 minutes, reduce by at least 30% 2012 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) Slightly less stringent Source: DOE EERE 10

11 Lighting Codes Chicken or the Egg? Energy Code Acceleration Advances in Controls Technology Controls must be available to meet prescriptive requirements Manufacturers react with product improvements 11

12 Lighting Codes Lighting Controls Get Granular and Smart Low Voltage Relay Panel Occupancy Sensor Distributed Digital Systems ASHRAE Automatic Shutoff 2,500 ft 2 switch zone ASHRAE Occupancy sensors required for many space types ASHRAE Complex sequence of operation requirements 12

13 Lighting Codes Automatic Lighting Shutoff Relay panel is most common basis for design Occupancy sensor with advanced sequence of operation is basis for design ASHRAE ASHRAE Occupancy sensor saves more energy but is not mandated Relay panel relegated to large open spaces and outdoor lighting 13

14 Control Strategies Room Level/Localized Integration Automatic Shutoff Circa Amp Single Pole Relay 2,500 ft 2 building area Relay Panel Roughly equates to an area served by one circuit 14

15 Control Strategies Room Level Integration Occupancy Sensor Relay/Dimmer Controller Wall Switch 15

16 Control Strategies System Level Integration Building Automation System Fire Control System Building Security System Energy Management System Elevator/ Escalator System Lighting HVAC 16

17 Control Strategies System Level Integration BACnet Network BAS Point List: BI1 (yes/no) Room 1 occupied BI2 (yes/no) Room 2 occupied BI3 (yes/no) Room 3 occupied Etc. Networked Lighting Controls Room ## Room #4 Room #3 Room #2 Room #1 17

18 Control Strategies System Level Integration Advantages: Requires BACnet object management Separation between electrical and building controls Simple single connection between systems Disadvantages: Dual commissioning requirements Single potential failure point Requires BACnet object management Not always clear who is responsible for lighting sequence of operations Source: Osram Sylvania ENCELIUM Controls 18

19 Poll Question According to ASHRAE 90.1, what is the maximum size zone area allowed to be controlled by one lighting control? a) 1,000 sq.ft. b) 2,500 sq.ft. c) 10,000 sq.ft. 19

20 Control Strategies Why Integrate Lighting with BAS? The High Performance Building factor Intelligent, Smart, Net Zero Coordinate occupancy status with HVAC, security, and enterprise applications Enable lighting to participate in demand response events Codes and legislation Does it really make sense not to? 20

21 Control Strategies Communication Enables Integration 21

22 Control Strategies Advanced Sequence of Operation Just try to do this with wire nuts. Digital is the answer 22

23 Control Strategies Wire Nut Sequence of Operation 23

24 Control Strategies Communicating Room Controls Wired Wireless Digital lighting controls deliver more value 24

25 Control Strategies BACnet 2012 Edition New Objects and Services specifically address lighting control issues Lighting Output Object Channel Object WriteGroup Service Binary Lighting Output Object 25

26 Sensors and Controls Occupancy sensors Ultrasonic (US) and passive infrared (PIR) Dual PIR/US PIR/Acoustic PIR Coverage Line-of-site Volumetric Ultrasonic Highest sensitivity Lateral motion To-and-from motion Detects minor (hand) motion Up to 15 ft. Up to 25 ft. Coverage area 300 to 1,000 sq.ft. 275 to 2,000 sq.ft. False positives HVAC temperature HVAC air flow 26

27 Sensors and Controls Daylighting is BIG! Foot-candles varies by 2X between summer and winter Diffuse most of it 5% to 10% direct sunlight maximum Do not try to match daylight to electric light (confuses people) About 3 to 4 percent of roof area is optimal Skylights/lightpipes, clerestory windows, roof monitors, light shelves 27

28 Poll Question Which occupancy sensor has the largest coverage area? a) Passive infrared (PIR) b) Ultrasonic 28

29 Sensors and Controls Dimming Bulbs and Lamps Silicon Controlled Rectifiers (SCR) Forward phase control» Most common (100 million installed)» Problematic for LED dimming Reverse phase control» More successful at dimming LEDs Three-wire control Common fluorescent lighting control Requires 3-wire LED driver 0-10V analog 4-wire control Allows multiple circuits to use the same dimming signal Switched Hot Dimmed Hot Neutral Switched Hot Neutral Control (+) Control (--) 29

30 Current Current Sensors and Controls Dimming Solid State LEDs Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) Always rated current level when turned on Constant Current Reduction (CCR) Color output may change at lower currents Rated Current Rated Current Time Time 30

31 Sensors and Controls Digital Addressable Lighting Interface (DALI) A royalty-free, non-proprietary, two-way, open and interoperable digital protocol. The Gateway broadcasts commands to all digital ballasts. A ballast only responds when the message contains its specific address. Sixteen programmable scenarios and groups stored in the ballast. Rare true open protocol Difficult to add sensors. Starfield is true open. 31

32 Control Methods 7 DSM strategies for Energy Efficiency & Load Response 32

33 Control Methods Typical Sequence of Controls 1. Advanced Time Scheduling 2. Occupancy 3. Tuning 4. Daylight Harvesting 5. Personal Control 6. Demand Response 7. Receptacle Control 33

34 Control Methods Advanced Time Scheduling Synchronizing the On/Off times of each fixture Stand-alone or centralized control Scalable by zone, room, floor, department or light fixture Occupancy patterns of each building occupant Office occupancy adjusts, dims or turns lights through set profile 34

35 Control Methods Occupancy Control Stand-alone or centralized control Response based on a set profile occupancy detection Module dims or turns lights off Can be modified online and applied to any fixtures without rewiring Network of sensors to fixtures Can update program profiles Enhanced energy savings by dimming to off immediately upon vacancy 35

36 Control Methods Tuning Feature of advanced control system Light levels set to meet specific lighting requirements of area Light levels are tuned by each fixture throughout a complex to meet required light levels 12 AM 6 AM Noon 6 PM 12 AM 36

37 Control Methods Daylight Harvesting Stand-alone feature or part of extended system Autonomous operation of each light fixture from the next Allows for complete adaptability to the ambient light level profile on a floor at any time of day Daylight sensors adjust the lighting throughout the day keeping employee in a comfortable work environment 37

38 Control Methods Personal Control Stand-alone tactic or part of larger advanced control system Occupants can exercise control over personal lighting conditions levels in their work area Each occupant can tailor their lighting levels to suit the task at hand Large sector of consumers dim lights below default light levels 38

39 Control Methods Demand Response Flexible Control topology allows facility managers to capitalize on financial incentive offered by local energy provider Demand Response program utilizes priority based load shedding algorithm Reduces overall load that is invisible to building occupants Reduces peak demand charges Requires SYSTEM 12 AM 6 AM Noon 6 PM 12 AM 39

40 Automatic Receptacle Control Receptacle Control Promotes saving energy when rooms/building not in use Receptacles auto shut-off when unoccupied When its time to leave workspace, the lighting and switched receptaclesare automatically turned off 40

41 Poll Question What lighting control scheme do you typically want to implement first? a) Occupancy sensors b) Daylight harvesting c) Time Scheduling 41

42 Wattage Achieved Savings Wattage Reduction from New Technology 400-W metal halide 275-W LED Savings Energy Consumption Energy Consumption Time 42

43 Savings Control Methods Implement Time Scheduling 12 AM 6 AM Noon 6 PM 12 AM 43

44 Savings Control Methods Implement Occupancy Controls 12 AM 6 AM Noon 6 PM 12 AM 44

45 Savings Control Methods Implement Task Tuning Savings 12 AM 6 AM Noon 6 PM 12 AM 45

46 Savings Control Methods Implement Daylight Harvesting Savings 12 AM 6 AM Noon 6 PM 12 AM 46

47 Savings Control Methods Implement Personal Control Savings 12 AM 6 AM Noon 6 PM 12 AM 47

48 Conclusions What Have We Learned? Accelerated energy code development Takes advantage of and drives technology LEDs will drive dimming Granularity requires advanced control sequences Lighting controls have adopted distributed intelligence Better alignment with energy code Integration with the BAS Lighting control is an integral element in the BAS for high performance buildings 48

49 Poll Question How valuable has this Webinar been to you? Would you like someone from Consumers Energy to follow up with you regarding today s webinar? Is there something of specific concern or interest you would like to discuss? 49

50 Questions? 50 Resources For You Sign up for our FREE Solution Center enewsletter Ask an Expert Tools, calculators and energy-saving tips All available online Contact Us Website: Phone: (800)

51 Contact Information Kandice Cohen New Business Development Manager tel: Mike Carter Sr. Engineer, CEM tel: