Jonathan Redding Area Sales Manager FOGTEC Fire Protection Cologne, Germany

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1 Making rail systems more efficient by using on-board Fire Protection Systems Jonathan Redding Area Sales Manager FOGTEC Fire Protection Cologne, Germany

2 Key Presentation Take-Aways Holistic approach to fire protection including on-board fire protection system Fire fighting with water mist Case Study: Reduced infrastructure requirements by installing on-board fire suppression

3 The standards for rolling stock, trackways and stations NFPA 130 NFPA 220 EN IEC and many others But usually each sub-system is described separately

4 The current approach The car builder designs to reduce fire risk. However: The heat release rate for a fully burning train is usually the value taken as a basis for the fire safety design of: The station The tunnel The ventilation

5 The current approach

6 A holistic approach Increase safety and cost efficiency with the right composition of fire protection measures Infrastructure Building materials Egress routes Ventilation ducts Rolling stock Materials used (passive protection) Physical barriers (passive and active protection Fire detection and suppression (active protection)

7 Main targets of following the holistic approach by Smart Concepts Minimize the heat release rate as far as possible Avoid a fully developed fire Create a safe area for evacuation for a given time Fight the cause not the result!

8 Fire Fighting with Water Mist

9 Water Mist definition according to NFPA 750 Droplet Diameter / µm Definition 1000 Sprinkler Class 3 (low pressure) Class 2 (low pressure) Class 1 (high pressure)

10 How does high pressure water mist work? Cooling due to heat absorption by large water surface Local displacement of oxygen on vaporization

11 Water mist: Cooling / Radiant heat reduction Safe environment for people Protection of nearby objects from radiant heat Prevention from flash over Energy binding potential of 1 l of water: kj heating from 68 F to 212 F kj by transition from liquid to gas

12 O2 [%] Water Mist: Local Oxygen Displacement Volume enlargement of 1 gallon of water by evaporation: 1 gallon liquid 1650 gallons gaseous Oxygen reduction only at the source of the fire time [s] A C T I V A T I O N

13 High Pressure Water Mist System on a Train System components Section valve Nitrogen cylinder Water cylinders Nozzles

15 Rapid and uniform cooling Minimal water consumption (typically 25 gallons per train) Highly effective fire fighting Safe for people Minimal maintenance Water Mist System Benefits

16 Case Study On-Board Fire Suppression System influences Infrastructure Requirements Fire Protection System for P89 of EVAG ( former London docklands train)

17 Case Study The approval body required the upgrade of the underground stations related to fire protection, main aspect: evacuation concept Given scenario for concept: a train under full developed fire in the station

18 Case study: Given scenario FREE FIRE DEVELOPMENT FIRE (HRR) I II III I: Early development II: Growth III: Stabilization TIME

19 Case Study: The Smart Concept Many stations 30 to 40 years old Significant capital investment necessary Technically very challenging The Smart Concept: Reduce the given scenario by taking active measures on-board, In this particular case by using a fire detection and fire suppression system.

20 Case Study Validation process Step 1: Fire detection verification Smoke tests on board of the different running trains to develop a fire detection concept on the base of the ARGE guidelines Step 2: Fire suppression verification Full scale fire test to demonstrate the effectiveness of the fire suppression system

21 Case Study Validation process Step 3: Prototype system installation on a train to demonstrate the feasibility and to get a clear view of the costs Step 4: Safety approval for the complete system and the software

22 Case Study Step 1 EVAG Project Step 1 Smoke Tests to develop detection concept

23 Step 1: Smoke tests

24 Validation of smoke detector s position Example of test during tunnel running Window closed Window open

25 Case Study Step 2 EVAG Project Step 2 1:1 Full scale tests to validate the effectiveness of the suppression system

26 Suppression sections to optimize water use

27 Mock-up fire testing Selected section of the train Cross section, Seating arrangement

28 Mock up fire testing

29 Fire Test with activation of the system

30 Fire test without the activation of the system

31 Fire test without the activation of the system

32 Cushion on seats without activation of the system Interruption of the test after 11 minutes! Extreme damage of complete mock up

33 Comparison with and without system (cushion on seats) With activated System Without activated System

34 Case Study Step 3 EVAG Project Step 3 Build a prototype

35 Case Study The design layout

36 Case Study The installation

37 Case Study: The installation

38 Case Study Step 4 EVAG Project Step 4 Approvals

40 Case Study: The Approvals Test Assessment done by IFAB and TÜV Nord

41 After all the fire and approval tests a new scenario

42 Smart concept: The result As a result of the study, the city of Essen in Germany benefitted from: An increase in safety A decrease in investment of 89% Smoke extraction systems, Evacuation concept, Less materials replacement Wider and open spaces

43 Standards: NFPA 130 A 4.2.1: The inclusion of automatic fire suppression systems in stations, tunnels, or trains provides an active system that can limit fire growth and thereby assist in reducing risk to life and property. Where such systems are provided, variations to requirements in this standard for materials, communications, systems, or reliability can be considered where supported by engineering analysis as permitted by Section 1.4 and in accordance with good fire protection engineering practice.

44 Conclusion A holistic approach takes all the railway sub-systems into account when defining fire safety requirements Water mist is very effective for on-board suppression Case Study: Real cost savings achievable

FOGTEC Rail Systems. Rolling Stock Applications. Fire Protection Solutions from one source. Experts in Fire Protection

FOGTEC Rail Systems. Rolling Stock Applications. Fire Protection Solutions from one source. Experts in Fire Protection Fire Protection Solutions from one source FOGTEC Rail Systems Rolling Stock Applications Modern Trends of Fire Protection in Rolling Stock 2014 designed for rail Warsaw, 25 1 Smart Concepts using innovative