2660 Horizon Drive SE Grand Rapids, MI FIRE PREVENTION FACILITATOR S GUIDE

Transcription

1 2660 Horizon Drive SE Grand Rapids, MI FIRE PREVENTION FACILITATOR S GUIDE

2 What s Inside Overview Facilitator s Guidelines a Overview b Getting Started d Presentation Guidelines f Lesson Plan h Frequently Asked Questions 1 Why These Guidelines Are Vital For Your Safety 2 How Fires Start 4 Fire Prevention Best Safety Practices Housekeeping Ignition Sources Flammable Materials 10 Fire Classifications 11 Fire Extinguishers It takes a small flame less than 30 seconds to turn into a large, out of control fire. In minutes, a building can become engulfed in flame and thick black smoke. Fire ravages hundreds of businesses a year, killing over 200 workers and costing companies millions of dollars. Fire prevention begins with the knowledge of what fire is and your commitment to keep heat and fuel sources separate. Without the proper fire prevention training and preparation, you, your company, and your coworkers could suffer property damage, injury, and even death as a result of fire. Following these steps to fire prevention promotes a safe work environment. Protect yourself, your company, and your coworkers from the damages and dangers of fire through the best defense: prevention. 13 Summary 15 Safety Quiz 2002 Summit Training Source Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means without written permission from Summit Training Source Inc. If you wish to purchase additional copies, please call our office at a

3 Getting Started Training Materials Collect all of the necessary materials and supplies before training begins. Here are some suggested materials and supplies: A training location that is free of distractions, has good lighting, and a comfortable temperature. Desks and chairs arranged so that everyone will be able to see the viewing screen, the facilitator, and each other. The video, a VCR, and a TV with a remote. Make sure the video is rewound. An employee handbook and pen/pencil for each trainee. Each handbook includes a quiz at the back, which can be used to test comprehension and document training. Other supplies and equipment you may need - blackboard chalk, paper, handouts, transparencies, overhead projector, markers, notepads, etc. Additional information, such as a copy of the regulation or other reference tools. Preparation A successful presentation requires preparation and planning. Give yourself several days before the training session to get organized. Locate and schedule the training site as soon as possible. Notify trainees of the training date and time, the training schedule, and proper dress. Obtain all necessary equipment and supplies. Make sure you know how to operate the TV, VCR, and other equipment. Check to ensure that it is working properly. Replace or repair any damaged equipment. Review all training materials, including the Facilitator s Guide, handouts, and any other reference materials. Prepare your presentation, including a lesson plan or outline of the training. Include the training goals and objectives. Some presentation guidelines are included on the next page. A sample lesson plan has been included on page f of this Facilitator s Guide. A day or so before conducting the training session, you may want to have participants take the quiz as a pre-test. The results of this test can help you to determine weak areas to focus on during the training session. Preview the videotape. Note any key points you want to expand upon in your training. b c

4 Presentation Guidelines How you present the training course can have a great impact on learning. By following these simple presentation guidelines and keeping your objectives in mind, you can effectively and efficiently get the most out of your training session. Organize Training Time Efficiently In today s busy work climate it can be difficult to find the time needed for training, so it is important to be organized and wellprepared when you do schedule training sessions. Whether you use Summit s suggested lesson plan or not, it is important to have a lesson plan prepared that you can implement comfortably. This ensures that time spent in training is productive and beneficial for everyone. Stress the Purpose and Goals of Training Training needs to be goal-oriented. State the purpose of training in a clear, specific manner - whether it s to reduce injuries, increase production, improve quality, improve working conditions, etc. Review the goals and objectives of the training so trainees know what is expected of them. Make New Learning Experiences Pleasant For some adults, past experiences with education were unpleasant and not helpful. Adults learn best when they feel comfortable. By making the learning environment open and friendly, you can help adults to feel secure in their new learning experience. Offer support and feedback as often as possible, and be ready to provide extra attention to those who may require it. Ask If There are any Questions When most adults learn new information that conflicts with what they already know, they are less likely to integrate those new ideas. It is very important to make sure participants fully understand the training and do not have any unresolved questions. Provide for a question and answer period so participants can resolve those questions and/or answer questions throughout the training session. Capture Their Attention Training needs to be interesting and compelling to hold trainees attention. To help motivate learners, give them specific evidence that their effort makes a difference and provide feedback on their progress. Also, remember that the first experience with a new subject usually forms a lasting impression on the learner. By making that experience a positive one, you can help ensure your audience retains the information learned. d e

5 Lesson Plan As a qualified trainer, your job is to effectively communicate a great deal of information in a well-organized manner. By preparing a lesson plan, you can ensure that each minute of the training session is productive. Summit has provided a suggested lesson plan for your use. 1. Program Objective In this handbook, Fire Prevention, you will learn about: Common causes of workplace fires Recognizing fire hazards How to chose and use various types of fire extinguishers Fire prevention best safety practices 4. Use Handbooks to Reinforce Training The handbooks increase comprehension and reinforce the information learned in the video program by explaining the main points and expanding on the original material. For increased employee information retention, go over one section at a time and stop to answer questions. The quiz at the back of the Facilitator s Guide is provided to document employee training. Answers to the quiz are in bold. 5. Questions and Answers Provide for a Q&A session to answer any questions. It may be necessary to review some of the material when providing answers. The employee handbook, equipment manuals, and other reference tools may be helpful. 2. Show the Video: Fire Prevention 3. Discussion and Demonstration To help relate the training to your site, you may wish to incorporate your own discussion topics and exercises. Key issues you might consider include: Flammable materials and substances used specifically at your site. Information should include their location, their ability to catch on fire, and the conditions in which they pose a fire hazard. The exact placement of fire extinguishers and fire alarms. What type of fire extinguishers are found at your facility? Where are they kept? Where are the fire alarms and emergency contact information located? Evacuation routes and procedures in the event of a fire. Do all your employees know what to do in case of a fire and how to safely leave the building? Does everyone know where the assembly point is located? Are there particular housekeeping guidelines for your facility that can lessen the chance of a fire breaking out? f g

6 Frequently Asked Questions Why These Guidelines Are Vital For Your Safety Can a fire break out anywhere? Fire can happen anywhere the necessary elements are found. Three elements must be present for a fire to occur. Heat, oxygen, and fuel. The ingredients for fire are abundant in the industrial workplace. Many tasks hold the potential for destruction if not handled properly. This is why a basic understanding of fire is so important. Fuel is anything that will burn when exposed to heat. Common heat sources are a frayed extension cord, electric motors, a welding torch, cigarettes, or by-products from tools such as sparks. Oxygen is the third element of fire, which cannot be controlled since it is always present in the environment. Our company has a sprinkler system and other fire detection devices. Given these precautions, how important is fire prevention training? While your company may have fire detection and suppression systems in place to contain fires, effective fire prevention relies on you. The ingredients for fire are abundant in the industrial workplace. This is why a basic understanding of fire is so important. Fires affect many industrial sites across the nation, costing an estimated $2.3 billion in damages and claiming over 200 lives each year. The best way to fight fires is to prevent them from happening in the first place. The most effective method of prevention is to keep each of the elements of fire separated. When accidents occur broken glass, a car crash, or an injury you can t go back and simply undo the damage. The same applies to fires. When a fire starts, you just can t go back and pretend it didn t happen. The damage, devastation, and serious injuries caused by fires are serious workplace hazards. Fires affect many industrial sites across the nation, costing an estimated $2.3 billion in damages and claiming over 200 lives each year. While your company may have fire detection and suppression systems in place to contain fires, effective fire prevention depends on you. Without the proper fire prevention training and preparation you, your company, and your coworkers could suffer property damage, injury, and even death as a result of fire. In this handbook, Fire Prevention, we will discuss: The elements that cause a fire Proper preventative measures How to respond when a fire breaks out If a fire breaks out, should I stay and fight it, or leave the building? First assess the situation and decide if the fire can be extinguished. Use an extinguisher only if you have received the proper training and authorization. Be sure to know and follow the site specific emergency response procedures for your facility. Preparation is key for an immediate and effective response. You must know both your capabilities and responsibilities to make the best decisions in a fire emergency. h 1

7 How Fires Start Three elements must be present for a fire to occur: fuel, heat, and oxygen. One incident can bring these elements together when conditions that cause a fire are not recognized. The ingredients for fire are abundant in the industrial workplace. Many tasks hold the potential for destruction if not handled properly. This is why a basic understanding of fire is so important. Fuel Fuel is anything that will burn when exposed to heat. It can be a solid, liquid, or gas. Look Key Point Three elements must be present for a fire to occur heat, oxygen, and fuel. 2 torch, cigarettes, or by-products from tools, such as sparks. Oxygen Oxygen is the third element of fire, which cannot be controlled since it is always present in the environment. A fire can also build its own oxygen source through a process called convection. As heated air rises, cooler air containing According to statistics, exposure to smoke and gases is the primary cause of death in a fire. oxygen descends creating a wind tunnel that feeds the fire. As fire is stealing the oxygen from its environment, it is also giving off toxic gases in the form of smoke and carbon monoxide, or other toxic gases. According to statistics, exposure to smoke and gases is the primary cause of death in a fire. As the fire continues to build in intensity, the heated air gathers at the ceiling and raises the temperature in the room until everything that is combustible bursts into flames. This is called the flashover point. around your work area for materials that could be fuel for a fire for example, cardboard boxes, pallets, solvents, paints, and gasoline. Heat Next, determine what possible heat sources in your area could ignite materials. Common heat sources are a frayed extension cord, electric motors, a welding Key Point 3

8 Fire Prevention Best Safety Practices The best way to fight fires is to prevent them from happening in the first place. The most effective method of prevention is to keep each of the elements of fire separated. Since oxygen is ever present in our environment, the two elements of fire that are easily controlled are fuel and heat. Housekeeping Before you begin each task, perform a hazard analysis of your work area. Always consider the task being performed, the equipment being used, and the environment you are working in. Investigate your area for potential fire hazards and ensure that you can maintain a safe distance between ignitionproducing equipment and fuel sources. Good housekeeping is an excellent way to separate heat sources from fuel. Good housekeeping means keeping waste to a minimum, equipment well maintained, and an organized system of storage. It is a team effort that involves everyone s participation. A cluttered or messy facility not only increases the chances of fire, but can turn a small fire into a major disaster. The more fuel available for a fire, the quicker it can get out of hand. Only the materials necessary to perform the job should be present in your work area. All combustible material should be disposed of properly, preferably in metal containers. Keep all tools and machinery free of oil and grease build-up. Remember, grease and oil deposits on equipment can be ignited by a spark. Spills must be cleaned up immediately. Sorbants and rags used in clean-up should be disposed of in metal containers and removed from the building at the end of each shift. Dust presents both a fire hazard and the threat of explosion in the wrong conditions. Dust collectors with continuous vacuum power should be used to eliminate this hazard. 4 5

9 Fire Prevention Best Safety Practices (continued) Ignition Sources Electricity is a common ignition source for fires. All electrical equipment must be inspected before each use. Check for faulty wiring and make sure that electrical cords are secure and that equipment is in good working condition. Equipment should be grounded and switch boxes and junction covers closed. Never overload a circuit with multiple electrical devices, and never store anything on top of circuit boxes. Keep electrical devices and motors well maintained and lubricated to prevent malfunctions and overheating. Cigarettes are another possible ignition source in industrial fires. If smoking is allowed at your site, be sure to use designated smoking areas and be sure each cigarette is completely extinguished and is properly disposed. Be aware of other possible sources of ignition that may not be as obvious. A static charge created from personal electronic devices like cellular phones have the potential of starting a fire. In areas where flammables are present, always use discretion with these items. Stored items should be stacked securely and should not obstruct fire exits, fire extinguishers, or overhead sprinkler systems. Key Point Electricity is a common ignition source for fires. All electrical equipment must be inspected before each use. Check for faulty wiring and make sure that electrical cords are secure and that equipment is in good working condition. 6 7

10 Fire Prevention Best Safety Practices (continued) Flammable Materials The separation of heat sources from fuel becomes even more important with specific hazards, such as flammable liquids and vapors. These materials are so common in the work environment that they may be taken for granted. Flammable liquids include hydraulic fluid, gasoline, oil, electrical insulating fluid, paint thinner, chemicals, and adhesives. The danger lies in a liquid s ability to emit vapors that can be easily ignited. The classification a liquid receives is determined by the lowest temperature at which a liquid will emit ignitable vapor, the amount of vapor needed to ignite, and the vapor s ability to burn without an outside ignition source. This information can be found on both the container label and the Material Safety Data Sheet. This classification sets guidelines on how a liquid should be handled and stored. Flammable liquids must be segregated in their own storage area. Drums must be properly ventilated to prevent vapor pressure build-up if exposed to heat or the formation of a vacuum if subjected to cooling. Improper ventilation can cause drums to leak or rupture, causing an explosion. When dispensing from a drum, proper grounding systems must be utilized to prevent static electricity discharge. Safety cans must be used for the manual transfer of flammable liquids. Safety cans have a spring closing lid and spout cover. They are designed to safely relieve internal pressure when exposed to fire. Safety cabinets can be used to store small quantities of flammable liquids. Do not overload cabinets. Federal regulations require that not more than 60 gallons of Class I or Class II flammable liquids, or more than 120 gallons of Class III liquids may be stored in a single cabinet. When flammable liquids are transported by forklift, special precautions must be used. If a drum containing a flammable liquid becomes punctured or damaged during transportation, immediately stop and turn off the ignition. Get off the forklift and contact the proper personnel to begin spill clean-up procedures. Flammable liquids are easily ignited and burn at a very rapid pace. Some flammable vapors are heavier than air and collect near ground-level seeking an ignition source. They can spread rapidly over a large area because of their ability to flow by gravity and travel via air currents. 8 9

11 Fire Classifications Fire Extinguishers Fires are classified by the type of fuel they burn. With Class A fires, combustibles such as wood, paper, or some plastics are the fuel. Class B fires are fueled by flammable liquids such as gasoline, oil, paint, or grease. Class C fires are electrical. Class D fires are fueled by combustible metals. It is important to know the classification of a fire in order to make the correct decisions when fighting a fire. For example, the most popular extinguisher is the A-B-C extinguisher. This extinguisher is effective against A, B, and C classified fires, but is not effective against combustible metals. Instead, use a Class D extinguisher for this type of fire. Be sure to know and follow the site-specific emergency response procedures for your facility. Preparation is key for an immediate and effective response. You must know both your capabilities and responsibilities to make the best decisions in a fire emergency. Key Point Fires are classified by the type of fuel they burn. It is important to know the classification of a fire in order to make the correct decisions when fighting a fire. Use an extinguisher only if you have received the proper training and authorization. If a small fire occurs at your work site, do not panic. First assess the situation and decide if the fire can be extinguished. If you are trained and authorized, use the correct extinguisher to fight the fire. Remember P.A.S.S: Pull the pin, Aim low pointing at the base of the fire, Squeeze the handle to release the extinguishing agent, and Sweep from side to side to prevent the fire from spreading. Know the range of the extinguisher and advance on the fire only as it is being extinguished. Always leave an exit, do not let the fire get between you and a safe way out. If the fire spreads beyond the immediate area or begins to Key Point When fighting a fire, always leave an exit, do not let the fire get between you and a safe way out. block your exit route, leave the area immediately, closing the fire door behind you. If possible, shut off any ventilation sources. Next, pull the fire alarm and move to a safe location to contact the proper authorities. You will need to provide information about the location of the fire, the size and intensity of the fire, and any other information that may be significant. Finally, evacuate the building to your assembly point

12 Fire Extinguishers (continued) Summary After using an extinguisher, be sure that the fire is completely out. Hot embers or dry combustible items can re-ignite. Remove burned materials when extinguished to the appropriate disposal location. The fire extinguisher must be recharged after each use. Make sure the proper personnel at your facility are notified. Most fire extinguishers have a seal over the pin. If you find an extinguisher with a broken seal report it; it probably needs recharging. It is important to remember that all extinguishers have both a limited range and amount of extinguishing agent, and that they are only effective against small fires. If you are unable to extinguish the fire immediately, get out and close the door behind you. Never attempt to fight a fire that has spread beyond its immediate area. Know what the fire alarm sounds like in case of a fire at your facility. Observe where emergency exits are located and report any that are obstructed or damaged. Move to your assembly point and report to your emergency coordinator to be counted. Lives have been lost searching for someone who has already been evacuated. Remain at the assembly point until the all-clear notification has been sounded. Be aware of fire hazards at all times during your workday. Do you know where the nearest fire alarm, fire extinguisher, phone, and emergency exit are at your worksite? Know the answers to these questions before you begin your daily activities. Fire prevention begins with the knowledge of what fire is and your commitment to keep heat and fuel sources separate. Perform a hazard analysis before each task to ensure effective fire prevention. Practice good housekeeping in your area by keeping waste to a minimum and by keeping equipment clean and well maintained. Use the proper care and procedures when handling flammable materials. Any source of ignition at your site should be recognized and respected as a potential fire hazard

13 Summary (continued) Safety Quiz Know where fire extinguishers, alarms, and emergency exits are located at your worksite. Also, know the correct evacuation procedures and the proper emergency response should a fire occur. Understanding your capabilities and responsibilities prepares you for unexpected incidents. Following these steps to fire prevention promotes a safe work environment. Protect yourself, your company, and your coworkers from the damages and dangers of fire through the best defense prevention. To review your knowledge of Fire Prevention, answer the questions below. Your Name Date 1. Three elements must be present and interacting for a fire to occur. These are heat, fuel, and. a. Water b. Wood or paper c. Oxygen d. An ignition source 2. Fuel is any solid, liquid, or gas that will burn when exposed to heat. a. True b. False 3. As a fire continues to build in intensity, it raises the temperature in the room until everything that is combustible bursts into flames. This is called the. a. Flashover point b. Back draft c. Ignition stage d. Pass point e. Flux event 4. Electricity and cigarettes are common ignition sources for fires. a. True b. False 5. Fires are classified by the type of fuel they burn. Class A fires involve combustibles such as. a. Oil, gasoline, or grease b. Radioactive materials c. Combustible metals d. Wood, paper, or plastics 14 15

14 Safety Quiz (continued) Notes 6. Class B fires are fueled by flammable liquids such as gasoline, oil, paint, or grease. a. True b. False 7. The classification a liquid receives is determined by the lowest temperature in which a liquid will emit ignitable vapor, the amount of vapor needed to ignite, and the vapor s ability to burn without an outside ignition source. This information can be found. a. By contacting the local police department b. On the Material Safety Data Sheet c. In the OSHA 300 Log d. On all of the above e. On none of the above 8. Use an extinguisher only if you have received the proper training and authorization. a. True b. False 9. When using a fire extinguisher, follow P-A-S-S: Pull the pin, Aim low pointing at the base of the fire, Squeeze the handle to release the extinguishing agent, and. a. Stay in one spot using a steady stream b. Sweep from side to side to prevent the fire from spreading c. Start contacting emergency personnel d. Stand at least ten feet from the fire at all times 10. When evacuating in the case of a fire, always shut the door behind you and then leave the building and go. a. At least 1,000 feet away from the fire b. To the designated assembly point c. To the local emergency staff location d. To your car or employee parking area 16