African Violet Society of America

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "African Violet Society of America"

Transcription

1 African Violet Society of America May 31, 2013 Austin, Texas Panel: Barbara Pershing, Cedar Falls, Iowa Joyce Stork, Fremont, Nebraska Carolee Carter, Ocala, Florida

2 Understanding ph and Soilless Mixes to Grow Better African violets

3 What is wrong with these plants?

4 When diagnosing symptoms consider all culture problems Pests cyclamen mite infestations show small, tight, grayish centers. Light too much light will cause centers to become tight, lighter green foliage. Fertilizer too much or too little will affect growth of plant, color of foliage.

5 Diagnosis/causes of problems with African violets Rule out pests; disease Consider: Changes in environment: temperature, light, humidity Changes / inconsistencies in growing conditions (culture): Fertilizer Water source, quality, ph, method of watering Potting media ingredients, ph, amendments; any changes in the mix - source, components.

6 Culture break; new growth small; light in color; blossoms small & off color.

7 Suckering; older foliage dark and brittle

8 Leaf producing deformed, brittle plantlet.

9 New growth deformed; brittle leaves; culture break

10 Culture break; suckering; brittle foliage

11 Symptoms... Slow, stunted growth Culture break New growth small, light to yellowish green Crisp, deformed center leaf growth Older foliage dark and brittle Few blossoms which are small, off color, deformed Excessive suckering Eventually center growth stops

12 Potting mixtures may not produce good plant growth due to: Deficiency of essential plant nutrient elements Excessive acidity (low ph) or excessive alkalinity (high ph) Poor physical properties which cause poor drainage (porosity) or inadequate air spaces (aeration) Excess or deficiency of water and air. Source: Emory Leland, AVM, Nov. 1974

13 Prerequisite for Soilless Mixes Slightly acid 6.5 to 6.9 ph Good drainage and moisture retention Remains loose, porous; does not pack Has the capacity to buffer the ph and hold fertilizer nutrients Free of soil diseases, insects and contamination

14 Why worry about ph? ph controls all chemistry. ph has no DIRECT effect on plant growth. However, ph affects the form and availability of nutrient elements in irrigation water, fertilizer solutions and the growing medium.

15 WHAT IS ph? An arbitrary scale of values from 0 (strong acid) to 14 (strong alkaline) with 7.0 as neutral (neither acid or alkaline).

16 ph scale The ph scale is exponential and indicates the relative strength of the acidity-alkalinity of a substance.

17 ph Scale One unit change in ph represents a ten-fold change in the acidity or alkalinity A soil of ph 6.0 is ten times as acidic as one of ph 7.0. A soil of ph 5.0 is one hundred times as acid as one of ph 7.0. A ph of 4.0 is 1000 times as acid as one of ph x 100x 10x

18 ph scale comparisons Ideal range for African violets ( ) Neutral (7.0)

19 Everyone who grows house plants should have a general knowledge of ph and how to turn it to his/her advantage.

20 Why is ph important? ph has a profound influence on many factors associated with plant growth. A slight change in ph is extremely important in its effects on availability of the mineral nutrients in the soil.

21 African violets require a growing medium of ph in your potting mix/ water/ fertilizer. All essential nutrient elements are available to the plants when the ph of the soil/water/ fertilizer mix is in this range. IF A CORRECT ph IS NOT MAINTAINED, A PLANT CAN VIRTUALLY "STARVE" BECAUSE OF ITS INABILITY TO ABSORB WHAT IS NEEDED.

22 African Violets Depend on Soil, Water, Fertilizer and Light 16 Elements must be in proper balance Non-fertilizer elements: CARBON (C) from carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) (AIR) HYDROGEN (H) from WATER (H 2 O) OXYGEN (O) from carbon dioxide (AIR)

23 PRIMARY ELEMENTS Macronutrients From Fertilizer N = NITROGEN = GREEN LEAVES; needed for photosynthesis P = PHOSPHORUS = LARGE, NUMEROUS BLOSSOMS; needed for growth and development of all parts of plant K = POTASSIUM = ROOT DEVELOPMENT; promotes vigor; resistance to disease

24 SECONDARY ELEMENTS From Soil Sulfur from organic matter, decomposition of peat Calcium from dolomite lime Magnesium from dolomite lime

25 MICRONUTRIENTS Trace elements needed in small amounts from fertilizer Iron Zinc Boron Chlorine Copper Molybdenum Manganese

26 ph affects availability of Plant Nutrients Micronutrients Microorganisms The width of the bars indicates the ease with which an African violet s roots can absorb nutrients at different ph readings.

27 Beneficial Microorganisms To encourage a high microorganism population, a potting mix must: Have the ph in 6.0 to 7.5 range. Be porous and well aerated. Have adequate supply of organic matter. Moderately warm temperature in potting mix. Potting mix must be moist. Too wet or too dry greatly reduces microorganism population.

28 Micronutrients The availability of micronutrients is affected by other micronutrients and macronutrients in soilless mixes. The availability of micronutrients (Boron, Manganese, Copper, Iron, Molybdenum and Zinc) are reduced by high levels of phosphorus in the ph range but are available in toxic amounts when phosphorus is locked up and unavailable below 6.5 ph.

29 ph and African Violets MICRONUTRIENT TOXICITY PHOSPHATE LOCK-UP PLANT GROWTH SLOWS LESS BLOOM CULTURE PROBLEMS IDEAL ph FOR AFRICAN VIOLETS N E U T R A L IRON CHLOROSIS When the ph is below 6.0 and above 7.2, many important nutrients become locked up in the growing medium and the roots are unable to extract them for the plant s use. Nutritional starvation develops in the plants.

30 ph below 6.5 African Violets begin to develop micronutrient toxicity when the ph of the soilless mix is below MICRONUTRIENT N TOXICITY PLANT IDEAL ph FOR GROWTH AFRICAN SLOWS VIOLETS PHOSPHATE LOCK-UP LESS BLOOM E U T R A L IRON CHLOROSIS CULTURE PROBLEMS

31 ph below 6.0 Symptoms may not become obvious or severe until the ph is below 6.0 for a period of time MICRONUTRIENT TOXICITY PHOSPHATE LOCK-UP PLANT GROWTH SLOWS LESS BLOOM CULTURE PROBLEMS IDEAL ph FOR AFRICAN VIOLETS N E U T R A L IRON CHLOROSIS

32 ph and toxicity Some varieties show symptoms earlier; variegates appear to be the first to show symptoms of toxicity MICRONUTRIENT TOXICITY PHOSPHATE LOCK-UP PLANT GROWTH SLOWS LESS BLOOM CULTURE PROBLEMS IDEAL ph FOR AFRICAN VIOLETS N E U T R A L IRON CHLOROSIS

33 ph and phosphorus lock-up Phosphorus becomes locked up allowing micronutrients to accumulate in toxic amounts in the cells of the plant MICRONUTRIENT TOXICITY PHOSPHATE LOCK-UP PLANT GROWTH SLOWS LESS BLOOM CULTURE PROBLEMS IDEAL ph FOR AFRICAN VIOLETS N E U T R A L IRON CHLOROSIS

34 ph and soil bacteria Soil bacteria are less abundant below 6.0 ph. Soil bacteria changes fertilizer into nitrogen form that plants can use MICRONUTRIENT TOXICITY PHOSPHATE LOCK-UP PLANT GROWTH SLOWS LESS BLOOM CULTURE PROBLEMS IDEAL ph FOR AFRICAN VIOLETS N E U T R A L IRON CHLOROSIS

35 ph above 7.0 African Violets also develop toxicity at ph above 7.0 but because of the acidity of the peat this rarely occurs MICRONUTRIENT TOXICITY PHOSPHATE LOCK-UP PLANT GROWTH SLOWS LESS BLOOM CULTURE PROBLEMS IDEAL ph FOR AFRICAN VIOLETS N E U T R A L IRON CHLOROSIS

36 Cause of Micronutrient Toxicity MICRONUTRIENT TOXICITY PHOSPHATE LOCK-UP PLANT GROWTH SLOWS LESS BLOOM CULTURE PROBLEMS IDEAL ph FOR AFRICAN VIOLETS N E U T R A L IRON CHLOROSIS When phosphorus is deficient and "locked-up" below 6.0 and above 7.0, micronutrients accumulate in excessive amounts in the cells of the plant. Micronutrient toxicity occurs when this accumulation of excessive levels of trace elements are absorbed into the cells of the plant over time.

37 PREVENTION IS ESSENTIAL African violets do NOT grow out of toxicity. All cells in the plant are affected. Suckers develop but do not root or thrive. Leaves do not produce healthy plantlets.

38 Prevention Understand soilless mix ingredients. Learn how to test the ph of soilless mixes and water. Check the ph of the mix before you use it.

39 ph of Water ACID ALKALINE RAIN WATER WELL WATER REVERSE OSMOSIS CITY WATER NEUTRAL

40 Know the ph of the water you use on your plants Well water ph is usually alkaline; depends on where you live If alkaline ( ) it will add to the buffering of the peat Hardness dissolved calcium and other minerals Rain water often slightly acid; no ph buffering Reverse osmosis water usually neutral or slightly acid; will remove all/most minerals; will not buffer ph of peat Municipal water check with city water department for ph and chemicals; will contain chlorine; may contain chloramines Distilled water neutral; contains no minerals; nutrients

41 Water testing Well water can be taken to an independent testing laboratory for analysis. In addition to testing for various chemicals and bacteria, a test for alkalinity (CaCO3) and an accurate test for ph is available. Check with the local city or rural water company for information on ph and alkalinity of the water and water treatments.

42 Alkalinity of water Do not confuse alkaline water (presence of minerals in the water) with alkalinity (ph above 7.0). Alkalinity is the concentration of soluble compounds including calcium, magnesium and sodium bicarbonate in the water that have the ability to neutralize acids. Do not use too much dolomite lime in your mix (more is not better!) and adjust the amount of dolomite if your water is alkaline. Alkaline water (well water) can raise the ph to toxic levels; this rarely occurs with peat-based soilless mixes.

43 Alkalinity and ph of Water Alkalinity is related to ph, because water with high alkalinity has a high "buffering capacity" or capacity for neutralizing added acids and has a big effect on potting mix ph. Alkalinity can be thought of as the "liming content" of water; alkaline water and limestone react very similarly when added to a potting mix. Do not use too much dolomite lime in your mix (more is not better!) and adjust the amount of dolomite if your water is alkaline.

44 Iron deficiency May occur at or above ph 7.2. Symptoms light green or white foliage. May first be noticed with plantlets and plants in small containers. Iron is needed for photosynthesis and may be locked up and unavailable to plant.

45 ph of Potting Mix Ingredients ACID ALKALINE CANADIAN SPHAGNUM PEAT MOSS IDEAL ph FOR POTTING MIX NEUTRAL PERLITE VERMICULITE HORTICULTURE CHARCOAL DOLOMITE LIME

46 What is a soilless potting mix? A mixture of Canadian sphagnum peat moss, perlite, vermiculite and dolomite lime with other ingredients added.

47 A good soilless potting mix must: Drain rapidly and also have good water and air-holding characteristics, Be slightly acid 6.5 to 6.9 ph, Remain loose, porous; does not pack, Have the capacity to buffer the ph, Have the ability to hold the fertilizer nutrients and release them gradually as the plant is actively growing, and Be free of soil diseases, insects and contamination.

48 1947 Soil Recipe A soil formula: ( Mrs. Keller) 3 parts good black soil (gumbo) 1 part peat 1 part compost (about half manure) 2 parts sand To 1 bushel of this soil mixture add: 1 six-inch pot full of superphosphate 1 gallon of wood ashes containing bits of burnt wood or charcoal.

49 Cornell Mix Developed in the 1960s for commercial use at Cornell University. Two soilless media, sometimes called artificial soils, were developed through research at Cornell. These media have sphagnum peat moss and horticultural vermiculite and/or perlite as its main ingredients. Most soilless commercial mixes use the Cornell peat-lite mix as their base.

50 Commercial Peat-lite mix components Peat, vermiculite, perlite basic mixes Douglas fir bark, fine ground Ground dolomite limestone Wetting agent/surfactant Fertilizers Micro-organisms

51 Commercial soilless mixes Mixes differ in ingredients read labels. Mixes vary in different parts of the country. There are no standards for potting mixes. One test of 5 commercial mixes found ph of 5.0, 5.1, 5.6, 6.1 and 6.7. Buy quality products from local nurseries; buy what they use. ALWAYS TEST the ph BEFORE USING!

52 Soilless mix for African violets Cornell peat-lite recipe adapted to African violet mix recipes Most common adaptation: 1 part peat 1 part vermiculite 1 part perlite Dolomite lime to adjust the ph

53 SOIL(LESS) MIXTURE RECIPE 16 quarts Canadian sphagnum peat moss 8 quarts coarse vermiculite 8 quarts coarse perlite 8 tablespoons dolomite lime (to get ph of 6.5 to 6.9) 2 cups horticulture charcoal Mix thoroughly; add 2 cups hot water and mix again. For a lighter mix use equal parts peat, perlite, and vermiculite plus charcoal and dolomite lime. (Source: Marie Montague, African Violet Magazine, July/August 2005, p. 27)

54 Criteria to consider for ingredients in a potting mixture: Effective in producing good drainage and aeration Low in soluble salts Readily available in uniform grade Economical Capable of retaining moisture and nutrients to meet plant requirements Light in weight Easily incorporated into mixture Acceptable ph

55 Organic Ingredients Sphagnum Peat moss Spongy, fibrous texture, high porosity and waterholding capacity Low ph (ranges from 3.5 to 5.0) Decomposes; becomes more acid over time Base of most soilless mixes for African violets Canadian peat high quality; lighter the color the better the quality

56 Organic ingredients (continued) Coconut coir Derivative of coconut hulls; good water-holding capacity Has natural wetting agent; mix stays wet; add more perlite ph ranges from 5.5 to 6.5 Composted pine bark Finely ground Douglas fir bark; widely used in commercial media Native soil, garden or clay loam; leaf mold Not recommended must be pasteurized/sterilized Contains microbes; adds weight; compacts

57 Horticulture Charcoal Neutral ph (7.0) Used in soil mixes for drainage and to keep the soil and water fresh Has capacity for absorbing and holding nitrogen until plants can use it Varied opinions as to its usefulness in mixes

58 Inorganic ingredients Perlite Vermiculite Styrofoam beads Coarse Sand Horticulture charcoal Lime

59 Perlite Alumino-silicate volcanic material heated to 1800 F; explodes into closed, irregular cellular structures Adds space to mix for water retention; aeration; porosity; weight and density 75% porosity ph 7.0 to 7.5; has no buffering capacity Main use in mix improves drainage and allows water entry into mix

60 Vermiculite Manufactured from crushed mica ore, expanded by intense heat. ph varies from neutral (7.0) to alkaline (9.5). Will affect ph of the mix. 80% porosity holds lots of water Improves soil aeration while retaining moisture. Absorbs and fixes phosphate; holds fertilizer; makes it available to roots. Use coarse horticulture grade.

61 Inorganic ingredients (continued) Styrofoam Beads (Polystyrene Foam) Inexpensive substitute for perlite Helps aerate potting mixes and serves as space filler Lightweight; tend to float to surface Low density; high water capacity Neutral ph Lava Sand Source is volcanic slag; texture - full of holes; Increases water-holding capacity of mix Has the ability to make soil nutrients more available to plant roots Coarse Sand Not recommended for mixes for African violets

62 Dolomite Lime Calcium magnesium carbonate this is a big deal in soilless mixes. ph of 9 Buffers ph of peat Add to soil mix to adjust the ph higher Fine, powdery consistency (like gray flour) Dissolves rapidly; goes to work right away

63 Lime Agricultural Limestone Same chemical composition as dolomite lime Dissolves very slowly. May not affect the PH significantly until later; hard to determine ph of soil prior to use. Hydrated Lime DO NOT USE dissolves rapidly, leaches out May burn the roots.

64 Organic nutrients Worm castings Improve soil structure; improve aeration; drainage Provide Nitrogen, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Iron and other trace minerals 100% natural; slowly release nutrients Not quickly soluble and has good residual; long term nutritional value Has high concentration of beneficial bacteria and microbes

65 Microorganisms Microorganisms require mix of ph Mycorrhizal fungi A root bio-stimulant that increases the number of fine feeder roots a plant utilizes to take in nutrients. Natural bacteria Helps intake of nutrients by the roots All natural plant food 4-3-3

66 Organic fertilizers Bone meal (ph 6.8) Provides nitrogen and phosphorus Blood meal (7.4) Organic source of nitrogen and phosphorus

67 Nutrients commercial fertilizers NPK plus trace elements Superphosphate

68 ph testing Test strips Digital ph meters

69 ph test strips Phion Diagnostic ph Test Strips 4.5 to 9 Amazon.com $9 for 80 phydrion Vivid 5.5 to 8.0 Ph Test Strips Dispenser -.25 Intervals ph Test Strips -.25 increments 100 for $12 Online search for ph test strips Select strips with.25 intervals.

70 Using ph Test Strips Put 1-3 tablespoons of potting mix into glass container. Add distilled water. Stir vigorously for one minute. Let stand for at least 30 minutes. Filter soil using a coffee filter. Insert test strip into filtered solution. Compare color to the color chart provided with the strips.

71 Pour Thru Soil ph Test for container plants Ensure that plant has been watered several days ahead so it is moist, but not saturated. Pour a volume of distilled water (1/4 to 1 cup depending on size of the pot) through the pot, collecting what runs out. Wait 30 minutes to 2 hours. Measure the ph of this water using ph test strips or meter.

72 Slurry method Combine a 1:1 ratio of soilless mix and distilled water in a clean glass container. Mix well and let stand 30 minutes. With a digital electronic meter, the measure can be made directly in the slurry. For test strips, filter the mixture using fine mesh, cheese cloth or coffee filter and measure the ph of the filtered solution.

73 Digital meters Will not test water or loose, moist or dry mix. For moist, compact soil only. Can be used to check ph of mix in potted plants and garden soil. About $16 at garden centers or online.

74 Electronic ph testers Oakton Waterproof phtestr 10 $96.00 from Cole-Palmer.com (Model - YO )

75 Checking my recent mix Peat in distilled ph 4.2 Vermiculite in distilled 7.7 ph ph Potting mix ¼ cup - 1:1:1 (3 qts. each peat, perlite, vermiculite) + 4 T. dolomite + ¼ cup 6.7 ph YEA!!

Soil is the Key (Chapter 3)

Soil is the Key (Chapter 3) Soil is the Key (Chapter 3) Soils 101 Soil profile Soil sources, texture, chemistry, physical properties Soil Amendments Identifying your soil Soil Testing Fertilizers Soil Profile Vertical distribution

More information

Sunlight. Chlorophyll

Sunlight. Chlorophyll Plant Nutrition & Soil Fertility Richard Smith Vegetable Crop and Weed Science Farm Advisor University of California Cooperative Extension Monterey, Santa Cruz and San Benito Counties Plant Nutrition 1.

More information

1. Which is a light-weight inorganic mica mineral capable of absorbing a large amount of water in growing media? A. B. C. D.

1. Which is a light-weight inorganic mica mineral capable of absorbing a large amount of water in growing media? A. B. C. D. Student Name: Teacher: Date: Test: 9_12 Agriculture AP41 - Horticulture I Test 2 Description: Soils, Nutrients, Fertilizers District: Wake County Form: 501 1. Which is a light-weight inorganic mica mineral

More information

Growing Better Houseplants. Potting Soil

Growing Better Houseplants. Potting Soil Potting Soil Q: What is potting soil A: Combination of organic and inorganic materials used to provide the basic requirements for plant growth What does Potting Soil Do? Hold water Hold nutrients Permit

More information

Unit D: ph of Soil. Lesson : Identifying the ph Changes in Soil

Unit D: ph of Soil. Lesson : Identifying the ph Changes in Soil Unit D: ph of Soil Lesson : Identifying the ph Changes in Soil 1 KEY TERMS Soil ph Acid Lime Requirement 2 I. The ph scale measures how acidic or basic a substance is. A. It ranges from 0 to 14. 1. A ph

More information

Organic Media Components

Organic Media Components Plant, Soil and Water Relationships quantities through the irrigation system or controlled-release fertilizers are used to provide a continuous supply of nutrients at optimal levels and to minimize nutrient

More information

Assessing and Amending Your Garden Soil Craig Cogger, Soil Scientist Emeritus Washington State University Puyallup

Assessing and Amending Your Garden Soil Craig Cogger, Soil Scientist Emeritus Washington State University Puyallup Assessing and Amending Your Garden Soil Craig Cogger, Soil Scientist Emeritus Washington State University Puyallup The soil is the great connector of our lives, the source and destination of all. - Wendell

More information

Using Fertilizers: Feeding plants. Lydia Clayton UAF Cooperative Extension Service Kenai Peninsula District

Using Fertilizers: Feeding plants. Lydia Clayton UAF Cooperative Extension Service Kenai Peninsula District Using Fertilizers: Feeding plants Lydia Clayton UAF Cooperative Extension Service Kenai Peninsula District What to know before you grow? Proper fertilization is essential for: Disease control Weed control

More information

Soils and Fertilizers. Leo Espinoza Soils Specialist

Soils and Fertilizers. Leo Espinoza Soils Specialist Soils and Fertilizers Leo Espinoza Soils Specialist 2004 What is soil? A collection of organic and inorganic bodies on the earth s surface, modified by the surrounding environment or even made by humans,

More information

KEEPING PLANTS HEALTHY

KEEPING PLANTS HEALTHY KEEPING PLANTS HEALTHY The Right Plant In The Right Place MICROCLIMATE Geographic Location Elevation Topography Exposure LIGHT Exposure: Full Sun South Facing At least 8 hours per day Full Shade North

More information

Soils and plant nutrients

Soils and plant nutrients Soils and plant nutrients Soils and soil texture Soil texture triangle Plant nutrients Major nutrients Secondary nutrients Minor nutrients Exchange Capacity (CEC) Soil ph Soils Consists of a series of

More information

A PowerPoint has been provided

A PowerPoint has been provided Unit D: ph of Soil Lesson 1: Identifying the ph Changes in Soil Student Learning Objectives: Instruction in this lesson should result in the students achieving the following objectives: 1. Identify soil

More information

How your rose bush makes food

How your rose bush makes food How your rose bush makes food Your rose bush takes in carbon dioxide from the air, water and nutrients from the ground and makes sugars and starches (the source of energy to do that is sunlight and the

More information

Fertilizers and nutrient management for hops. Diane Brown, Michigan State University Extension

Fertilizers and nutrient management for hops. Diane Brown, Michigan State University Extension Fertilizers and nutrient management for hops Diane Brown, Michigan State University Extension Pre plant nutrient management for hops Soil test! Correct major issues before planting ph 6.2 to 6.5 Lime season

More information

Fertilizers. TheBasics. Whats in a Fertilizer? Why use Fertilizer? Nitrogen (N) Nitrogen (N) Its on the Label! Other sources of Nitrogen

Fertilizers. TheBasics. Whats in a Fertilizer? Why use Fertilizer? Nitrogen (N) Nitrogen (N) Its on the Label! Other sources of Nitrogen Why use Fertilizer? Fertilizers TheBasics Expectations Want the Golf Course look. Helps in recovery from stress. Mowing, Heat, and Activities. New Hybrids of grass seed perform better than the older varieties,

More information

Offering soil solutions for all your growing needs. and more...

Offering soil solutions for all your growing needs. and more... Offering soil solutions for all your growing needs and more... Ultimate Potting Mixes The most reliable mixes for all your growing needs All ferti-lome soilless mixes are designed according to every plants

More information

CHECKLIST EFFECTS OF GROWING MEDIA CHARACTERISTICS ON WATER AND NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT

CHECKLIST EFFECTS OF GROWING MEDIA CHARACTERISTICS ON WATER AND NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT CHECKLIST EFFECTS OF GROWING MEDIA CHARACTERISTICS ON WATER AND NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT Avoid compaction of growing media. Containers should be lightly filled and the excess brushed off the top. Do not stack

More information

Offering Soil Solutions to All Your Growing Needs. Product Catalog

Offering Soil Solutions to All Your Growing Needs. Product Catalog Offering Soil Solutions to All Your Growing Needs Product Catalog ALL PURPOSE MIXES Organic Potting Mix ferti-lome Organic Potting Mix is a totally new formulation from fertilome and is an organic wonder.

More information

Basics of Plant Growth in Greenhouses: Temperature, Light, Moisture, Growing Media, etc.

Basics of Plant Growth in Greenhouses: Temperature, Light, Moisture, Growing Media, etc. Basics of Plant Growth in Greenhouses: Temperature, Light, Moisture, Growing Media, etc www.tinyfarmblog.com The law of limiting factors Too much or too little of any one factor can limit the growth of

More information

THE FOREST NURSERY AND ITS SOILS

THE FOREST NURSERY AND ITS SOILS THE FOREST NURSERY AND ITS SOILS Dr. Jack May, Professor School of Forestry University of Georgia Forest tree nurseries are located on a variety of soils ranging in texture from sand to silt loam in the

More information

Offering soil solutions for all your growing needs

Offering soil solutions for all your growing needs Offering soil solutions for all your growing needs 5 New Products ferti-lome PRO Container Mix ferti-lome Pro-Container Mix is enhanced with our mycorrhizae cocktail. These soil fungi enhance the primary

More information

Full Disclosure, I create and sell Sumo Cakes Bonsai Fertilizer Basics

Full Disclosure, I create and sell Sumo Cakes  Bonsai Fertilizer Basics Full Disclosure, I create and sell Sumo Cakes www.sumocakes.com Bonsai Fertilizer Basics Where does one start when talking about fertilizers for bonsai? The one thing I do know is that there is no such

More information

Crop Management Practices. By Simon Bedasie

Crop Management Practices. By Simon Bedasie Crop Management Practices Fertigation By Simon Bedasie Observations of a Visiting Consultant Water and fertilizer management looked like bucket chemistry. Very basic techniques for water and fertilizer

More information

Soil: We Can t Grow without it!

Soil: We Can t Grow without it! Outline Soil: We Can t Grow without it! Clay Robinson PhD, CPSS, CCA Associate Professor of Soils Illinois State University Which nutrients do plants need? Fertilizers: Which and how much? Nutrients and

More information

With the advancement of perennial production,

With the advancement of perennial production, Getting to the Root of It Find out how to work best with media, water and fertilizer when growing perennials. By Paul Pilon With the advancement of perennial production, many operations are looking at

More information

Monitoring Nutrition for Crops

Monitoring Nutrition for Crops Monitoring Nutrition for Crops Electrical conductivity ph Alkalinity Cation exchange and Anion exchange capacities Krishna Nemali, Ph.D. Why should you monitor nutrients for plants? $$ Nutrient deficiencies

More information

POUR THRU TESTING OF CONTAINER MEDIA

POUR THRU TESTING OF CONTAINER MEDIA Safety, Health & Environmental Management for Cornell Greenhouses Fall 2008 Workshop Nutrient Management POUR THRU TESTING OF CONTAINER MEDIA We will use meters to test properties of container media: ph

More information

Building Healthy Soils. Mary Hagedorn

Building Healthy Soils. Mary Hagedorn Building Healthy Soils Mary Hagedorn Please Silence Cell Phone Thank you! Our Vision: A healthier world through environmental stewardship. Our Mission: To support the University of Maryland Extension

More information

Title: Lecture 16 Soil Water and Nutrients Speaker: Teresa Koenig Created by: Teresa Koenig, Kim Kidwell. online.wsu.edu

Title: Lecture 16 Soil Water and Nutrients Speaker: Teresa Koenig Created by: Teresa Koenig, Kim Kidwell. online.wsu.edu Title: Lecture 16 Soil Water and Nutrients Speaker: Teresa Koenig Created by: Teresa Koenig, Kim Kidwell online.wsu.edu Photos courtesy of Rich Koenig Photos courtesy of USDA NRCS Soil Water and Nutrients

More information

DIRT! APES Laboratory Activity

DIRT! APES Laboratory Activity Name: Part I: Soil Texture DIRT! APES Laboratory Activity Can one determine the texture of soil by examining the particles found in a particular sample? The purpose of this activity is to determine the

More information

Making the Most of the Soil You ve Got. Mary Hagedorn

Making the Most of the Soil You ve Got. Mary Hagedorn Making the Most of the Soil You ve Got Mary Hagedorn College of Agriculture and Natural Resources 2 Topics Soils of Maryland & Montgomery County Soil Basics (origin, texture, profile) Learning what kind

More information

Soils. Nutrients needed by plants 10/21/2013. Consists of a series of layers called. Soils consists of: Topsoil (A horizon) upper most layer

Soils. Nutrients needed by plants 10/21/2013. Consists of a series of layers called. Soils consists of: Topsoil (A horizon) upper most layer Soils Consists of a series of layers called Topsoil (A horizon) upper most layer Soils consists of: Mineral particles determine soil texture Organic matter Air and Soil organisms Nutrients needed by plants

More information

St. Augustine Orchid Society Top Dressing Your Orchids by Sue Bottom,

St. Augustine Orchid Society   Top Dressing Your Orchids by Sue Bottom, Orchid growers can talk about different orchid potting mixes for hours on end. Whether or not organic matter should be incorporated into a mix, what types of organic materials are preferable or is it better

More information

Soil Health and Fertilizer. Pam Brown, Extension Agent Emeritus, Gardening Coach

Soil Health and Fertilizer. Pam Brown, Extension Agent Emeritus, Gardening Coach Soil Health and Fertilizer Pam Brown, Extension Agent Emeritus, Gardening Coach pamperedgardeners@gmail.com www.pamperedgardeners.com What is Soil : Weathered rock, formed from a slow and sequential set

More information

CHECKLIST NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT

CHECKLIST NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT CHECKLIST NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT Field Production Take soil samples at or near the same time each year, so results from year to year can be compared. Take soil samples during mid summer or fall each year.

More information

Anorganic Fertilizer. Lenny Sri Nopriani, SP.MP

Anorganic Fertilizer. Lenny Sri Nopriani, SP.MP Anorganic Fertilizer Lenny Sri Nopriani, SP.MP Jargon Fertilizer Synthetic Fertilizers can be organic or inorganic Organic: from living material, contains C-C bonds; does not imply organic certification

More information

ANIMAL, PLANT & SOIL SCIENCE D3-2 SOIL CHEMISTRY

ANIMAL, PLANT & SOIL SCIENCE D3-2 SOIL CHEMISTRY ANIMAL, PLANT & SOIL SCIENCE D3-2 SOIL CHEMISTRY Interest Approach Approach One: Show students different soil samples. Ask what makes one soil better than another. Encourage discussion that focuses on

More information

Understanding Your Virginia Soil Test Report

Understanding Your Virginia Soil Test Report Understanding Your Virginia Soil Test Report By Gil Medeiros, Fairfax Master Gardener Don t guess; soil test! As master gardeners, we frequently exhort gardeners to do the test, but we are not so helpful

More information

PB1618-Growing Media for Greenhouse Production

PB1618-Growing Media for Greenhouse Production University of Tennessee, Knoxville Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Commercial Horticulture UT Extension Publications April 2010 PB1618-Growing Media for Greenhouse Production The University

More information

Soils and Fertilizers Chapter 2. Sherry Kern Virginia Beach Master Gardener Tree Steward

Soils and Fertilizers Chapter 2. Sherry Kern Virginia Beach Master Gardener Tree Steward Soils and Fertilizers Chapter 2 Sherry Kern Virginia Beach Master Gardener Tree Steward Soil It s Not Dirt! outer, weathered superficial layer of the earth s crust physical, chemical, and biological factors

More information

SITE TOPSOIL & FINISH GRADING

SITE TOPSOIL & FINISH GRADING CITY OF BRAMPTON LANDSCAPE SPECIFICATIONS SECTION 02911-1 PART 1 GENERAL 1.1 Related Work.1 Section 02311 Site Grading.2 Section 02315 Excavating, Trenching, & Backfilling.3 Section 02906 Planting of Trees,

More information

Understanding the Balance

Understanding the Balance Understanding the Balance Soil is the foundation that builds strong crops, plants, roots and turf. Micro Biology in the soil is an absolute must in order to grow anything properly.. The Soil must contain

More information

Getting the Most out of Your Strawberry Soil Test Report. General Information

Getting the Most out of Your Strawberry Soil Test Report. General Information gardening.cornell.edu Getting the Most out of Your Strawberry Soil Test Report 1. Be certain your soil ph is in the optimal range. 2. Add a nitrogen (N) source at the recommended rate and time. 3. Add

More information

Soil & Garden Preparation. Presented by Missouri Valley Master Gardeners

Soil & Garden Preparation. Presented by Missouri Valley Master Gardeners Soil & Garden Preparation Presented by Missouri Valley Master Gardeners Healthy Yankton Community Gardens Located on City Limit Road Sites available March 14, 2016 Avera Pavilion Cost $20 Contact HealthyYankton@gmail.com

More information

Plant Nutrition & Fertilizers WMAMG 1/31/17

Plant Nutrition & Fertilizers WMAMG 1/31/17 Plant Nutrition & Fertilizers WMAMG 1/31/17 By Dawn Pettinelli UConn Soil Nutrient Analysis Lab dawn.pettinelli@uconn.edu SOIL-PLANT SYSTEM From: Extension.org Relationships between plants & soils evolved

More information

Soil & Fertilizer. Pam Brown, Extension Agent Emeritus, Gardening Coach

Soil & Fertilizer. Pam Brown, Extension Agent Emeritus, Gardening Coach Soil & Fertilizer Pam Brown, Extension Agent Emeritus, Gardening Coach pamperedgardeners@gmail.com www.pamperedgardeners.com What do Plants Need? Temperature Water Nutrients Air Soil Soil Amendments Fertilizer

More information

FLORICULTURE CDE. Identifying and Controlling Plant Disorders

FLORICULTURE CDE. Identifying and Controlling Plant Disorders FLORICULTURE CDE Identifying and Controlling Plant Disorders Nutritional and Environmental Disorders Poor soil drainage Problem: Garden soil may appear ideal for potting indoor plants but actually causes

More information

SOILS. Sam Angima. OSU Extension Agent Lincoln County, Oregon

SOILS. Sam Angima. OSU Extension Agent Lincoln County, Oregon SOILS Sam Angima OSU Extension Agent Lincoln County, Oregon Soils Introduction Definition & Function Soil Physical Properties Soil Chemical Properties Soil Biological Properties Soil Organic Matter Soil

More information

Sandy, low CEC, irrigated soil Acidic ph High ph Cold soils Soil low in P content or available P

Sandy, low CEC, irrigated soil Acidic ph High ph Cold soils Soil low in P content or available P Nutrient Nitrogen (N) Phosphorus (P) Potassium (K) Plant Response to Nutrient Influences color, shoot, shoot density, root, rhizome and stolon, high temperature stress, cold tolerance, drought resistance,

More information

Factoids on SC soils. Soils. What is Soil? Variability of soils in your yard. Soil Components. Soil Tilth 6/23/14

Factoids on SC soils. Soils. What is Soil? Variability of soils in your yard. Soil Components. Soil Tilth 6/23/14 Factoids on SC soils Soils Managing Soils Over 100 different soil types Soil type covering largest areas 7.0% Ben Lomond Complex 50-70% slope 5.6% Lompoc Felton Complex 50-75% slope 5.8% Lompoc Felton

More information

Soil Science Curriculum

Soil Science Curriculum Soil Science Curriculum Content and lab derived from the USDA-NRCS Guides for Educators. Go to www.nrcs.usda.gov/soils for the Guides and additional pictures and diagrams. This lesson plan was adapted

More information

WATER, MEDIA, AND NUTRITION

WATER, MEDIA, AND NUTRITION 1 WATER, MEDIA, AND NUTRITION E. Lynn Hummel: ARS/CALS Research Greenhouse Manager Isaac D. Kabera: ARS/CALS Assistant Research Greenhouse Manager Growing plants in controlled environments, such as greenhouses,

More information

PRODUCT LIST. Espoma Tones For Organic Gardening FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

PRODUCT LIST. Espoma Tones For Organic Gardening FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE PRODUCT LIST FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Contact: John Harrison The Espoma Company 856-825-0542 (ph) 856-825-1385 (fx) jharrison@espoma.com Espoma Tones For Organic Gardening Holly-tone --4-3-4 --Formulated

More information

Definitions in Handbook

Definitions in Handbook HORT325: Soils & Fertilizers Soil Composition Soil Texture/Structure & Water Capacity Soil ph & Nutrient Availability Fertilizers Soil Testing Definitions in Handbook Soil Structure Soil Porosity Pore

More information

(l) foliage as well as flower quality is important, (2) crops timed for a holiday

(l) foliage as well as flower quality is important, (2) crops timed for a holiday -:;- -x- # -x- # -$:- BASIC FERTILIZATION OF GREENHOUSE PLANTS^ R. E0 Widmer Proper fertilization is necessary to obtain top-quality growth of plants in the shortest time possible. It is especially important

More information

Apply approx 50-65g per square metre. Available in pack sizes: 1kg, 2kg and 5kg. Apply 100g per square metre, each spring. Water in well.

Apply approx 50-65g per square metre. Available in pack sizes: 1kg, 2kg and 5kg. Apply 100g per square metre, each spring. Water in well. FERTILISERS All Purpose Slow Release This is a balanced all round fertiliser with elements which can be used before, during and after planting, and helps with plant growth. Ideal for all chloride-sensitive

More information

Soil. The Foundation of the Garden

Soil. The Foundation of the Garden Soil The Foundation of the Garden Soil Type ph Soil Tests Soil Compaction and Drainage Soil Improvement Macro and Micro Nutrients Macro and Micro Organisms Soil Particles Sand Silt Clay Soil Type Mostly

More information

CMG GardenNotes #222 Soil ph

CMG GardenNotes #222 Soil ph CMG GardenNotes #222 Soil ph Outline: Soil ph, page 1 ph and nutrient availability, page 2 Managing alkaline soils, page 2 Lowering the ph, page 2 Raising the ph on acid soils, page 3 Home ph test kits,

More information

Notes for Salinity and Irrigation Desert Green 2014

Notes for Salinity and Irrigation Desert Green 2014 Notes for Salinity and Irrigation Desert Green 2014 Slide 1. Follow This Presentation with Notes You Can Find Now Slide 2. Title slide. Salinity and irrigation Slide 3. What is salt? We commonly think

More information

Central Florida Youth

Central Florida Youth Central Florida Youth Peach Tree Growing Contest UF/IFAS Polk County Extension Service 1702 US Hwy 17-98 South P.O. Box 9005, Drawer HS03 Bartow, FL 33831-9005 Osceola County Extension Service Osceola

More information

Container Gardening for Small Spaces

Container Gardening for Small Spaces Container Gardening for Small Spaces Leonard J.M. Githinji, Ph.D. Assistant Professor and Extension Specialist Sustainable and Urban Agriculture Virginia State University (804) 524-5962 lgithinji@vsu.edu

More information

POTTING SOIL VERMICULITE PEAT MOSS & SUBSTRATES PERLITE. Product Catalogue Horticultural

POTTING SOIL VERMICULITE PEAT MOSS & SUBSTRATES PERLITE. Product Catalogue Horticultural VERMICULITE POTTING SOIL PEAT MOSS & SUBSTRATES PERLITE Product Catalogue Horticultural Arabian Vermiculite Industries High Quality Horticultural Products Ensuring Growth and Sustenance in Extreme Weather

More information

WOODY AND TURF MANAGEMENT Lesson 14: FERTILIZERS

WOODY AND TURF MANAGEMENT Lesson 14: FERTILIZERS WOODY AND TURF MANAGEMENT Lesson 14: FERTILIZERS Segment One Assessing Plant Health and Soil A fertilizer is defined as a substance used to make the soil or growing medium more fertile. Frequently, the

More information

Applying Ca, Mg and lime to orchids

Applying Ca, Mg and lime to orchids Applying Ca, Mg and lime to orchids The following paper discusses the various liming agents and their suitability for application to orchids. Liming agents can be applied to change the ph of the growing

More information

San Joaquin UC Master Gardeners

San Joaquin UC Master Gardeners San Joaquin UC Master Gardeners Smart Gardening Conference September 29, 2012 A fertilizer is any material containing at least one of the essential elements for plant growth that is added to the soil for

More information

Unit 5: Soil - Stages of Soil formation

Unit 5: Soil - Stages of Soil formation Biology Form 3 Page 68 Ms. R. Buttigieg Unit 5: Soil - Stages of Soil formation Soil is the layer of material covering parts of the land, the home of many organisms and the area from which land plants

More information

1. An example of a plant science career that belongs in any of the plant science areas is:

1. An example of a plant science career that belongs in any of the plant science areas is: Student Name: Teacher: Date: District: Robeson Assessment: 9_12 Agriculture AU10 - Agriscience Applications Test 2 Description: Obj 3.00 - Plant Science Form: 501 1. An example of a plant science career

More information

Soil. Acidic soils... 1/19/2014

Soil. Acidic soils... 1/19/2014 Soil Chapter 8 Acidic Soils & Salt Affected Soils Pages 229 262 About 2.5 billion acres of mostly cultivated lands are affected by soil salinity Treating ph problems is less difficult than managing and

More information

#3: Fertilize Appropriately

#3: Fertilize Appropriately #3: Fertilize Appropriately PREVENT POLLUTION AND MAXIMIZE PLANT HEALTH All plants need nutrients for growth. They must obtain these nutrients from the soil or other medium in which they re growing. Gardeners

More information

Soils and Fertilizer

Soils and Fertilizer Soils and Fertilizer Objectives Discuss soil components, texture, chemistry Consider relationships between soil, water, plants and air Steps to prevent soil compaction and salt accumulation Identify common

More information

ACTIVITY 2 How Does Your Garden Grow?

ACTIVITY 2 How Does Your Garden Grow? ACTIVITY 2 How Does Your Garden Grow? Study Question: Activity: Curriculum Fit: What is the optimum level of plant nutrient application? In this lesson students will conduct an experiment that will examine

More information

Soil Chemistry. Key Terms.

Soil Chemistry. Key Terms. Soil Chemistry Key Terms Key Terms in Soil Chemistry Buffering capacity - this is the soil's ability to resist changes in soil ph. Soils with a high buffering capacity require a great deal of amendment

More information

Class 3: Soil Sampling and Testing. Chris Thoreau

Class 3: Soil Sampling and Testing. Chris Thoreau Class 3: Soil Sampling and Testing Chris Thoreau What is Soil Testing? What are We Testing For? Soil Sampling Methodologies Soil Testing Interpreting Soil Test Results What is Soil Testing? Soil testing

More information

GEOL 408/508 INTRODUCTORY SOILS

GEOL 408/508 INTRODUCTORY SOILS GEOL 408/508 INTRODUCTORY SOILS Lecture = 3 hrs/week Lab = 3hrs/week Course = 4 credits Name/Define the Following 1. N 2 2. NH 3 3. NH + 4 4. NO - 2 5. NO - 3 6. protein 7. organics 8. organic matter 9.

More information

G A Gardener's Guide for Soil and Nutrient Management in Growing Vegetables

G A Gardener's Guide for Soil and Nutrient Management in Growing Vegetables University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Historical Materials from University of Nebraska- Lincoln Extension Extension 1990 G90-945 A Gardener's Guide for Soil and

More information

Understanding. Media Surfactants. for use in. Soilless Media

Understanding. Media Surfactants. for use in. Soilless Media Understanding Media Surfactants for use in Soilless Media Media wetting agents or media surfactants were first introduced to the horticultural industry over 40 years ago with the advent of soilless potting

More information

Do Now: From which materials do you think soil is made? Are all soils the same? Think of some ways that they are different?

Do Now: From which materials do you think soil is made? Are all soils the same? Think of some ways that they are different? Do Now: From which materials do you think soil is made? Are all soils the same? Think of some ways that they are different? Basics Soil is a major component of the biosphere It contains solids, liquids

More information

Bed preparation and Seedplug Transplanting Vegetable Master Grower Program 14 th Feb 2014

Bed preparation and Seedplug Transplanting Vegetable Master Grower Program 14 th Feb 2014 Bed preparation and Seedplug Transplanting Vegetable Master Grower Program 14 th Feb 2014 Overview Types of vegetable raised beds Know your soil Vegetable planting distances Vegetable seedlings and seedplug

More information

How to Read a Soil Test Report: Step by Step

How to Read a Soil Test Report: Step by Step How to Read a Report: Step by Step 1. Check the crop being grown under client s name. If more than one crop is being grown, there will be separate reports for each crop type. 2. Check the soil ph on the

More information

CLAY, SANDY AND PEAT SOILS, AND SOIL ORGANIC MATTER

CLAY, SANDY AND PEAT SOILS, AND SOIL ORGANIC MATTER CLAY, SANDY AND PEAT SOILS, AND SOIL ORGANIC MATTER Background Most normal soils ( mineral soils ) consist of tiny particles of rock that have been broken into small pieces by such things as wind, water,

More information

Terms and Definitions. Characteristics and Qualities. Environmental Issues

Terms and Definitions. Characteristics and Qualities. Environmental Issues GROWING MEDIA & SOIL AMENDMENT Terms and Definitions Characteristics and Qualities Uses Environmental Issues EARTHWIZE ENVIRONMENTAL GROUP HORTICULTURAL DIVISION Suite C12, Century Square, Heron Crescent,

More information

Seed Starting. What is a seed? Why Start Seeds? 2/17/2016. O Living time capsule of a plants DNA

Seed Starting. What is a seed? Why Start Seeds? 2/17/2016. O Living time capsule of a plants DNA Seed Starting Lynda Garvin Agriculture Agent Sandoval County lgarvin@nmsu.edu What is a seed? O Living time capsule of a plants DNA O Protective package O Food energy storage from germination to first

More information

STEP BY STEP SITE ANALYSIS PROCEDURES FOR DEVELOPING A NATIVE LANDSCAPE PLAN

STEP BY STEP SITE ANALYSIS PROCEDURES FOR DEVELOPING A NATIVE LANDSCAPE PLAN STEP BY STEP SITE ANALYSIS PROCEDURES FOR DEVELOPING A NATIVE LANDSCAPE PLAN Neil Diboll Prairie Nursery P.O. Box 306 Westfield, WI 53964 800-476-9453 www.prairienursery.com Introduction Prior to planting

More information

GREENHOUSE MANAGEMENT for Horticultural Crops

GREENHOUSE MANAGEMENT for Horticultural Crops GREENHOUSE MANAGEMENT for Horticultural Crops S E C O N D R E V I S E D A N D E N L A R G E D E D I T I O N S. Prasad U. Kumar Agrobios (India) S. Prasad Ex-Associate Professor of Horticulture Rajasthan

More information

If your soil has a high salinity content, the plants

If your soil has a high salinity content, the plants E-60 7-01 Managing Soil Salinity Tony Provin and J.L. Pitt* If your soil has a high salinity content, the plants growing there will not be as vigorous as they would be in normal soils. Seeds will germinate

More information

SimpleWater, Inc. Soil, Water, Air Laboratory Sciences 1860 Leroy Ave, Berkeley, CA 94720

SimpleWater, Inc. Soil, Water, Air Laboratory Sciences 1860 Leroy Ave, Berkeley, CA 94720 SimpleWater, Inc. Soil, Water, Air Laboratory Sciences 1860 Leroy Ave, Berkeley, CA 94720 Tap Score ID # ABC123 Date Ordered July 21, 2018 Lab ID # H173a Date Received July 29, 2018 Sample ID # NAME -

More information

Trees, your other Plants: Fertilizer Application

Trees, your other Plants: Fertilizer Application Trees, your other Plants: Fertilizer Application Bert T. Swanson,Swanson s Nursery Consulting,Inc., Carl Rosen, University of Minnesota and Ed Plaster, Dakota Technical College Trees in urban and suburban

More information

Turfgrass Fertility. Soil Test Reports. Why Soil Sample? Interpretation & Understanding

Turfgrass Fertility. Soil Test Reports. Why Soil Sample? Interpretation & Understanding Turfgrass Fertility Clint Waltz, Ph.D. Associate Professor The University of Georgia Soil Test Reports Interpretation & Understanding Why Soil Sample? Information Chemical way of estimating the nutrients

More information

Growing media for container herbs Susie Holmes, Susie Holmes Consulting Ltd. (Earthcare Technical Associate)

Growing media for container herbs Susie Holmes, Susie Holmes Consulting Ltd. (Earthcare Technical Associate) Growing media for container herbs Susie Holmes, Susie Holmes Consulting Ltd (Earthcare Technical Associate) Challenges for herb growers Quality must be very consistent, all year round. Shelf-life is an

More information

Inherent Factors Affecting Soil ph. Soil ph Management

Inherent Factors Affecting Soil ph. Soil ph Management Soil ph is a measure of soil acidity or alkalinity. It is an important indicator of soil health. It affects crop yields, crop suitability, plant nutrient availability, and soil micro-organism activity,

More information

Developing Fertilizer Programs for Fruit Crops Utilizing Soil and Tissue Analysis Soil analysis

Developing Fertilizer Programs for Fruit Crops Utilizing Soil and Tissue Analysis Soil analysis Developing Fertilizer Programs for Fruit Crops Utilizing Soil and Tissue Analysis Mary Concklin, Visiting Extension Educator Fruit Production and IPM University of Connecticut Fertilizer decisions for

More information

PRODUCT CATALOGUE 2017

PRODUCT CATALOGUE 2017 PRODUCT CATALOGUE 2017 Premier Tech has been growing its leadership position globally for more than 90 years, driven by the collective power of its 3 250 team members in 24 countries. Leveraging its human

More information

The Dirt on Soil Science

The Dirt on Soil Science The Dirt on Soil Science Dr. Laura Deeter deeter.7@osu.edu Ohio State ATI 1 Rough Outline Basic Michigan soil history Soil Basics What is soil Soil texture/particles ph Plant nutrients Organic Matter 2

More information

Why transplants? Raising high quality vegetable transplants 2/27/2018. Dr. Ajay Nair Department of Horticulture Small Farm Conference

Why transplants? Raising high quality vegetable transplants 2/27/2018. Dr. Ajay Nair Department of Horticulture Small Farm Conference Raising high quality vegetable transplants Dr. Ajay Nair Department of Horticulture Small Farm Conference 2-10-2018 Why transplants? Uniform seed germination Eliminate variability caused by direct seeding

More information

a. Section includes planting soils specified by composition of the mixes.

a. Section includes planting soils specified by composition of the mixes. SECTION 32 9113 SOIL PREPARATION PART 1 - GENERAL 1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions and Division 01 Specification

More information

Establish plants outdoors

Establish plants outdoors Establish plants outdoors Note: This section is in two parts Prepare ground for establishing plants CONTENTS Part 1 Page Number Preparing the area...2 Soils and growing media...3-4 Clearing the site...5

More information

Substrate Management Practices for Better Plant Growth

Substrate Management Practices for Better Plant Growth Substrate Management Practices for Better Plant Growth Andrew G. Ristvey Extension Specialist Commercial Horticulture University of Maryland Extension Wye Research and Education Center College of Agriculture

More information

Slide 1: Welcome to today s From the Dirt Up presentation, where I ll be talking to you about the importance of soil testing and maintaining healthy

Slide 1: Welcome to today s From the Dirt Up presentation, where I ll be talking to you about the importance of soil testing and maintaining healthy Slide 1: Welcome to today s From the Dirt Up presentation, where I ll be talking to you about the importance of soil testing and maintaining healthy soils. 1 Slide 2: The first place we ll start is in

More information

Soil Management Site Selection, Soil Fertility. Warren Roberts George Kuepper

Soil Management Site Selection, Soil Fertility. Warren Roberts George Kuepper Soil Management Site Selection, Soil Fertility Warren Roberts George Kuepper Where We re Going Soil Texture and Drainage Site Selection Soil Fertility & ph Fertilizers & Nutrients Later Sessions Soil Biology

More information

Characteristics of Soilless Substrates

Characteristics of Soilless Substrates Characteristics of Soilless Substrates Petrus Langenhoven, Ph.D. Horticulture and Hydroponics Crops Specialist January 10, 2017 1 Outline Container Media Advantages Properties ph, EC and Alkalinity Irrigation

More information