2/10/2016. Considerations of Vegetable Grafting. Why graft vegetables? In the context of. Scion Rootstock Grafted plants
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1 2/1/216 Why graft vegetales? Considerations of Vegetale Grafting Wenjing Guan Horticulture Specialist Southwest Purdue Agricultural Center, Vincennes IN Reduce or eliminate the need for pesticide use Lengthen harvest duration Improve production Increase net income Faster In the context of Scion Rootstock Grafted plants History Current situation Country Tomato Netherland 75 % France 5 % Tomato, Eggplant, Pepper Watermelon, Cucumer, Melon, Country watermel cucumer on China 2 % 3% Japan 92 % 75% Korea 95 % 75% Tomato grafting 1
2 2/1/216 Cost of grafted tomato transplants Grafted plants $.59 >$ 2 Nongrafted $.12- $ More Dose grafted plants worth spending the extra money on? Distriution of the added cost (Rivard, et al., 21) Additional yield (l/plant) required to make reakeven: How many more fruit grafted plants could produce? Disease Management Premium price of grafted plants is more affordale when selling high-value tomatoes (Rysin and Louws, 215) Vigor Bacterial wilt Scion: Celerity, Mountain Fresh (determinate) Rootstock: Dai Honmei, RST-4-15-T Fusarium wilt Scion: heirloom tomato cv. German Johnson (indeterminate) Rootstock: Maxifort, Rousto (Louws et al., 21) (Louws et al., 21) (Rivard, 28) (Rivard et al., 212) 2
3 2/1/216 Description of Commercial Tomato Rootstocks Root-knot nematode Scion: Brandywine and Flamme (indeterminate) Rootstock: Multifort, Survivor Corky Root Rot Fusarium Crown and Root Rot VerticilliumWilt mato-vine-decline-update/ Dan Egel (Barrett et al., 212) Soil-orne disease cycle Foliar Disease Cycle Plant Vigor Scion: Florida 47 Rootstock: Maxifort, Beaufort, Multifort, RST-4-15 Florida 47 grafted on Multifort Florida 47 non-grafted Leaf area a a a a Root dry weight a a a a a mwilt.aspx pot.aspx (Desiry and Zhao, unpulished) Total Yield (g plt -1 ) A Multifort A A A B B Maxifort Beaufort RST-4-15 Non- Grafted Self- Grafted Graft (Desiry Comination and Zhao, unpulished) Scion: Florida 47 Rootstock: Beaufort, Multifort Marketale Fruit Yield Nitrogen Application Rate (l/a) FL/BE FL/MU FL Grafted plants tend to show greater potential for yield improvement with the increase of N than nongrafted plants. (Desiry et al., 213) 3
4 l/acre 2/1/216 Scion: Triute Rootstock: Multifort and RST-4-16-T 4 In-row spacing (ft) Plants per acre y = x y = x y = x ft Grafted-MU Non-Grafted Grafted-RST Linear (Grafted-MU) Linear (Non-Grafted) Linear (Grafted-RST) (Xin Zhao, unpulished) Scion: Ananas Noire, German Pink Rootstock: Beaufort, Maxifort and Emperador Stem Diameter (mm) (Sanjun Gu, unpulished) German Pink 1. GP GP/GP 8. GP/Be GP/Ma 6. GP/Em /8 8/22 9/5 9/19 1/3 1/17 1/31 11/ /8 Ananas Noire AN AN/Be AN/Em AN/Ma 8/22 9/5 9/19 1/3 1/17 1/31 11/14 Although grafted tomatoes were more vigorous, yield and fruit count did not differ Rootstocks did not reduce incidence of lossom end rot disorder (Sanjun Gu, unpulished) Rootstock is important component for successful implementation of grafting Rootstock shown to increase yield in high tunnel: Maxifort, Multifort, DRO-131, Arnold, Colosus (Lani Meyer et al.) Dose grafted plants worth spending the extra money on? Marketing strategy Crop value Predominant diseases Growing condition Cultural practices Variety Rootstock choice 4
5 2/1/216 Rootstock cut aove cotyledon Rootstock cut elow cotyledon Day 1~2 Post-graft healing Low light condition, RH 85-95%, (7-82F) Day 3~4 Day 5 Day 6~7 More light introduced, RH can e reduced (monitor plants!) Continue to introduce grafts to light, RH further reduced Gradually expose the grafted plants to amient greenhouse conditions Hardening plants prior to field transplanting (rootstock sucker removal) 5
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