3.1 Research development to produce organic propagating materials of olive local varieties. Dr. Thaer YASEEN

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1 3.1 Research development to produce organic propagating materials of olive local varieties. Dr. Thaer YASEEN

2 3.1 Research development to produce organic propagating materials of olive local varieties General objectives 1. Standardization of organic substrates based on compost and organic fertilizers, for the production of self rooted and grafted olive plants in the certification phases (conservation, premultiplication, multiplication and nursery) following EU regulations 2. Validation of the most promising organic substrates under nursery conditions in comparison with the traditional nursery substrates for olive production. 3. Reduce the use of peat moss in the substrate composition 4. Evaluation of the biological preventive control of Verticillium dahliae by introducing antagonists (Bacteria or Fungi) in the organic substrate under experimental conditions 5. Validation of the biological control under nursery conditions.

3 3.1 Research development to produce organic propagating materials of olive local varieties Standardization of organic substrates based on compost and organic fertilizers, for the production of self rooted and grafted olive plants 1 experiment organic amendment Grafted/selfrooted 1% Guanito Healthy plants 1% Guanito inoculated plants 2% Guanito Healthy plants 2% Guanito inoculated plants 3% Guanito Healthy plants 3% Guanito inoculated plants

4 Results of the experiment 1 Olive seedling growth was enhanced treating by the antagonists. A significant reduction of the inoculum density of V. dahliae was reported in soil mixtures amended with Guanito. Guanito 2 and 3 percent were phytotpxex f

5 3.1 Research development to produce organic propagating materials of olive local varieties Evaluation the effects of some microbial antagonists and their commercial formulation, as well as an organic amendment, on the growth of olive plantlets, evaluating also their activity on V. dahliae; 2 experiment Nursery soil mix Grafted/selfrooted Clonotri Trichoderma. harzianum & Clonostachys. rosea Sublic Bacillus licheniformis & B. subtilis Control (-) Control (+) Clonotri (+) Clonostachys. Rosea (+) T. harzianum (+) B. Subtilis (+) B. licheniformis (+) Sublic (+) Chemical Control (+) (+) with V. dahliae (-) without V. dahliae

6 3.1 Research development to produce organic propagating materials of olive local varieties Setting up, standardization of organic substrates based on compost and organic fertilizers Reduce the use of peat moss in the substrate composition Conventional 1 experiment IAM-Bio IAM-Bio&Ecos

7 3.1 Research development to produce organic propagating materials of olive local varieties Evaluate the effects of organic mixtures (Ecos and Guanito), alone or in combination with commercial products (Clonotri and Sublic) on plant growth and V. dahliae infection of Leccino grafted plants Conventional control 2 experiment cv. Leccino Guanito Control Control Clonotri Clonotri Sublic Sublic (+V.d) (-V.d) (+V.d) (-V.d) (+V.d) (-V.d) Control Control Clonotri Clonotri Sublic Sublic (+V.d) (-V.d) (+V.d) (-V.d) (+V.d) (-V.d) Control (+V.d) Control (-V.d) Clonotri (+V.d) Clonotri (-V.d) Sublic (+V.d) Sublic (-V.d) Clonotri 4ml/l dilution Mixture of strains V. dahliae. Conidia CFU/ml Sublic 5ml/l dilution + with V. dahliae - without V. dahliae

8 3.1 Research development to produce organic propagating materials of olive local varieties Evaluate the effect of two organic soil mixtures on plant growth of three olive cultivars. 3 experiment Leccino Coratina Frantoio Guanito (+V. d) Guanito Guanito (- V.d) (+V. d) Guanito Guanito (- V.d) (+V. d) Guanito (- V.d) (+V.d) (- V.d) (+V.d) (- V.d) (+V.d) (- V.d) (+) with V. dahliae (-) without V. dahliae

9 3.1 Research development to produce organic propagating materials of olive local varieties To evaluate the effect the organic soil mixture and the antagonists in all the experiments the assessed parameters were: Inoculum density of V. dahliae microsclerotia in the soil (Traditional method). Plant height (measured monthly) Plant weight and wood infection at the end of experiment Root weight and infection at the end of experiment Root infection by Nested Scorpion Real time PCR Soil mixture analyze (structure, macro and microelements). Assay Nitrogen, phosphor and potassium in the leaf.

10 The effect of substrates incoculated or not with V. dahliae on plant growth 70 p= Plant growth(cm) Healthy Inoculated Traditional Guanito

11 The effect of the antagonist on plant growth 66 p= Plant growth (cm) Control Clonotri Sublic

12 Root infection with V. dahliae detected by Nested Scorpion Real time PCR to evaluate the interaction between the antagonists and the substrate 12 p= Cycle threshh hold Conventional Guanito Ecos Control Clonotri Sublic

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