PERFORMANCE OF AVOCADO CLONAL ROOTSTOCKS IN SOUTH AFRICA. Denis Roe Westfalia Technological Services (WTS)
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1 PERFORMANCE OF AVOCADO CLONAL ROOTSTOCKS IN SOUTH AFRICA Denis Roe Westfalia Technological Services (WTS)
2 Avocado production areas in SA Westfalia Everdon
3 South African Avocado Industry ha of avocado orchards Production: Total t Export: t (50-60%) Local market: t Processed t
4 Nursery tree sales : Scion Cultivars Hass Ryan Fuerte Ander Other Lamb Hass Pinkerton Reed Source: SA Avocado Growers Association
5 Nursery tree sales : Scion Cultivars Source: SA Avocado Growers Association Hass Fuerte Ryan Maluma Hass Rinton Pinkerton Lamb Hass Reed Zutano Gem Other
6 Duke 7 27% Nursery tree sales :Avocado rootstocks, approx Dusa planted to date. (SA Avocado Growers Association) Zutano seedling 3% Duke 7 seedling 2% Velvick seedling 17% Bounty 13% Edranol seedling 2% Dusa 36%
7 Westfalia: SA s largest avocado grower 1312 ha Avocado orchards 887 ha conventional 425 ha certified organic SA s largest exporter of avocado (together with outgrowers) ±50% of SA crop EU 2 nd largest importer of avocado (40-50 kt)
8 Vertically integrated company with own: R&D company nursery, orchards, packing houses, marketing companies in SA and EU, Ripe-&-Ready-To-Eat pre-packing units (SA and EU) Processing units Avocado oil (culinary and cosmetic) Avocado pulp and Guacamole
9 Westfalia Technological Services (WTS) Research into avocado and mango Horticulture Pathology Entomology Well known internationally for avocado rootstock breeding, screening, selection and evaluation.
10 Avocado rootstock breeding & screening at WTS Breeding Block Screening of seedlings in P.c. infested substrate
11 Results after 6 weeks of P.c. exposure Healthy seedling selections cloned
12 WTS rootstock evaluation orchard (high P.c. pressure, no treatment) Block 1 Block 2 Block 3
13 Rootstock Evaluation Block 8-year old Hass trees on various rootstocks Cumulative Yield (t/ha) R0.06 Latas Duke 7 Rootstock Tree health Health Rating (0-10)
14 Commercial evaluation Farm Climate, soil, altitude Rootstocks compared Tzaneen Warm moist, clay soils, Alt. 800m. Dusa Latas Mooketsi Hot dry, sandy loam soil, Alt. 500m. Dusa (Rootstock A) Soekmekaar Politsi Valley Schagen Cool moist, Clay loam soil, Alt. 1200m. Cool wet, Clay oxisols, Alt. 1000m. Cool climate, sandy-clay loam Alt. 800m. Dusa Duke 7 Dusa Duke 7 Dusa Latas (Rootstock A)
15 Yield of commercial orchards with different rootstocks (unpublished data, Z. van Rooyen, 2009)
16 Dusa Duke 7 Dusa Duke 7
17 Hass/Dusa Hass/Dusa Hass/Duke 7 Mooketsi, South Africa, 2009
18 California Merensky 2 (Dusa); Merensky 1 (Latas) Excellent results obtained by Menge (UC) led to commercial release in California Now the leading clonal rootstock in Ca. (Brokaw) Dusa is currently the standard Pc-tolerant rootstock in UC rootstock evaluations.
19 Taylor Ranch, California
20 Australia (D. Le Lagadec, 2009) Avg cumulative yields - Hass on clonal rootstocks BC62 BC101 BM2 BC197 BC16 Velvick C BC19 BC7 Avg Yield (kg/tree BM1 Duke 7 BC
21 Dusa Dusa Latas
22 Conclusions Clonal rootstocks continue to dominate SA rootstock sales and plantings. Merensky2 (Dusa ) continues to dominate SA and Californian clonal rootstock plantings. No one rootstock is optimal for all conditions The use of superior genetics remains the most sustainable way to increase yields and live with Phytophthora cinnamomi and other diseases. Westfalia to continue its breeding programme so that improved rootstocks become available for future use.
23 THE END
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