Controlled Environment Agriculture

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1 Plant Breeding and Research Center for Sustainable Agriculture Controlled Environment Agriculture Khon Kaen University :Thailand Production of Greenhouse-Pepper in Khon Kaen University : Thailand 1. Seedling 1.1 Pre-germination seed Materials : - Seed - Plastic box - Warm water, Cold water - Na (HCl 3 ) or Clorox - Germinated paper - Fungicide - Foggy - Tag - selection only good seeds - soak seeds in warm water (50 0 C) for 30 min - soak seeds in 5% (v/v) Clorox for 5 min - rinse with flowed cold water for 5 min - apply germinated paper with fungicide mixture and put in plastic box - incubated seeds on germinated paper - spray fungicide and cover plastic box - for 3-7 days, seeds will germination and ready to sowing in substrate media (variation with variety and seed size) Pre-germinated Seed Protocols Seedsoaking in Na(HCl 3 ) for 5 min Rinsewithflowedwater>5min Moisteningthe germinated paper Incubated the seed in plastic box Place paper Applyfungicide Place the seed Spray fungicide Germinated seeds

2 1.2 Seeds sowing - Plastic tray - Germinated seeds - Filter cake - Burned rice husk - Rice husk - Fertilizer, fungicide, insecticide and water Method : - mix media; Rice husk : Burned rice husk : Filter cake in the ratio of 2:1:1 - put mixed media into the plastic tray and watering - put the germinated seeds into the tray (1 seed per hole) and watering with fungicide mixture - cover with the paper and watering days remove the paper after germinated - spray fertilizer, fungicide and insecticide after the true leaf appeared - hardening the seedling before transplanting by exposing to sun light and/or decreasing water application Media preparation Rice husk (2) : Burned rice husk (1) : Filter cake (1) Mixed media in plastic track Seedling at 5 days Seedling at 30 days Seedling root system

3 2. Soilless Culture System 2.1 Field soil preparation - Organic manure - Filter cake - Dolomite - Chemical fertilizer - Lime - Polyethylene plastic Method : - to plow (a paddy field) roughly for the first time and second - and loosen soils preparation - apply basal fertilizer : with chemical fertilizer grade about Kg/ha, and organic manure 5-10 ton (depend on the soil properties) - mulching with polyethylene plastic - irrigation system establishment Soil preparation

4 2.2 Greenhouse media preparation - Filter cake - Organic manure - Burned rice husk - Rice husk - Plastic bag - mix media ; filter cake : rice husk : burned rice husk : organic manure in the ration of 1:1:1:0.5 - cover by plastic about 7-10 days - put mixed media into plastic bag and remove to greenhouse - to arrange in greenhouse 50 cm. in raw and 40 cm. between plant Media preparation

5 2.3 Transplanting - Plug - Field - Greenhouse - watering in field and greenhouse with irrigation - transplanting at seedling (4-5 true leaves or days after sowing) - transplant in the late afternoon and watering Transplanting

6 3. Fertilization 3.1 Apply fertilizer in field - Fertigation system - Chemical fertilizer - Apply by fertigation every 2 days Fertilizer apply for pepper in field Stage Kg/rai Kg/rai Kg/rai CaCl 2 Kg/380 l Soil preparation Day after transplant Total Apply fertilizer in greenhouse - Fertigation system - Chemical fertilizer - apply every day with fertigation

7 4. Pruning and Training Material: - Plant scissor or cutter - Plastic twine - Supporter with metal pole, plastic pole or wooden pole (bamboo pole) - Need to pruning other than removing all suckers below the dichotomous - To tie with plastic twine Pruning and Training

8 5. Pollination - Silk twine - Cotton - Forcept - Emasculate in the late afternoon - Crossing in the early morning - Tag with silk twine Pollination

9 6. Harvest and seed management - Plastic bag or plastic container - Harvest at fully mature stage - Keep seeds out of fruit - Dried by wind and sundry about 3-5 days or hot air over C - Seed packaging with plastic bag or paper bag and storage the seed under low temperature ( C) and low relative humidity (30%RH) for long term of high quality Harvest and seed management

10 7. Pest and disease management Important diseases: Damping-off Pythium ripe fruit rot Bacterial spot Leaf blight Bacterial wilt CMV Nutrient deficiencies: Blossom end rot Important insects: Materials: Aphids White flies Tomato russet mite Thrips Leaf miners Fruit worm Army worm o Pesticide and fungicide Methods: o Cultural practices o Biological control o Integrated pest management Mvir

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