Chapter No. 3. Introduction to Banana Tissue Culture
|
|
- Arline Holt
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chapter No. 3 Introduction to Banana Tissue Culture
2 INTRODUCTION TO BANANA TISSUE CULTURE Contents 3.1 Origin of Banana Fruit 3.2 Commercial Banana Cultivation 3.3 Difference Between Conventional and Scientific Banana Farming 3.4 Brief History of Tissue Culture of Banana 3.5 Banana Tissue Culture Technology 3.6 Merits of Tissue Culture of Bananas 3.7 Scientific Plantation Method 3.8 Cost-Benefit Analysis 3.9 Marltet Potential 3.10 Banana Export 3.11 Conclusion
3 INTRODUCTION TO BANANA TISSUE CULTURE 3.1 Origin of Banana Fruit Banana is believed to have originated in South Eastern Asia with India as one of the centers of origin apart from Indonesia, Phihppines, and Malaysia etc. Edible banana varieties are mostly hybrids of two wild seeded species namely Musa Acuminata and Musa Balbisiana. i Banana is one of the popular fruits in India because of its low cost and free availability. Banana provides a balanced diet than other fruits. Banana is composed of mainly water and carbohydrates which provides energy (104 Cal. Per 100 g.) It is rich in Minerals, Phosphorus and Calcium. 2 Banana ranks first in production and second in area among the fruits grown in India, accounting for the production of 104 lakh tons annually from an area of 4 lakh hectors. Its share in total fruit production is 32 percent from 12 percent area under fruits. The important banana growing states are Maharashtra, Gujrat, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Orissa, Bihar, West Bengal and Assam. 1. Seminar on technological advancement in Banana production handling and processing management - Souvenir March 1999 S. Uma, B. Shyam, S. D. Pandey and M. Dayarani. National Research Centre on Banana No. 44, Ramalinga Nagar South Extn. Vayalur Road, Trichy Pg Seminar on technological advancement in Banana production handling and processing management - Souvenir March 1999 B.M.C. Reddy and Prakash Patil. AICRP on Tropical Fruits. Indian Institute of Horticultural Research. Hessaraghatta, Bangalore Pg. 1-3,6 31
4 Climatic Requirements Banana is strictly a tropical plant, however, it is also grown in subtropical to humid climates. The optimum temperature required for bananas is between 25 to 30 C, with upper and lower limits of about 40 and lo^c respectively. For the optimum growth of the banana plant, the area should have a monthly rainfall of mm. distributed evenly. Strom and strong wind of 40 to 60 km/hr can cause damage to leaves and wind velocity of 95km/hr can cause complete destruction of banana plantations. Banana must be protected from strong winds by planting windbreak of tall trees in the windward side. 3 Soil Requirement Banana is grown successfully on a wide range soil. It can be grown on all type of soils except deep black cotton and pure sandy soils where small remedial measures are to be taken. Since banana crop is sensitive to water logging, soil with good drainage with low water table meter should be selected. A soil ph of 5.5 to 8.0 is found to be the optimum. Varieties In Maharashtra different banana varieties like Safed Velchi, Dwarf Cavendish, Robusta, Grand nain, Sindhurni, Hanuman, Ardhapuri, Lalvelchi and Rajeli are grown Seminar on technological advancement in Banana production handling and processing management - Souvenir March 1999 B.M.C. Reddy and Prakash Patil. AICRP on Tropical Fruits, hidian Institute of Horticultural Research. Hessaraghatta, Bangalore Pg. 1-3,6 4. Seminar on technological advancement in Banana production handling and processing management - Souvenir March 1999 Table 4 Banana Cultivars grown in different states. Singh and S. Uma, Pg
5 Planting For Dwarf Cavendish varieties optimum plantation i.e. higher density plantation of (4444 plants per hector) with closer spacing of (1.5 x 1.5 m.) was recommended. 5 Farmers used the recommended spacing which was calculated as 5'x5' and plantation of 1700 banana plants per acre. Fertilizers The fertilizer recommendation for Cavendish varieties is 200 g. N, 100 g. P 2O5 and 200 g. K2O/PIant/crop. Nitrogen and Potash are to be applied in four equal split doses at 30,75, 120 and 165 days after planting while that of phosphorus cab be applied at the time of planting, g Drip Irrigation Drip irrigation is network of pipes through which water is supplied to the plant. Drip irrigation was used for banana plantation which was also useful in providing liquid nutrients and showed better performance. Fruiting and Covering Banana bunches matures in about 110 to 130 days after flowering. The grown bunches are covered with polythene bags to protect it from the sun. Yield The average yield range of Cavendish is tons / hector, however 150 tons/hector can be obtained under good cultural practices with high density planting. 7 5., 6., 7. Seminar on technological advancement in Banana production handling and processing management - Souvenir March 1999 B.M.C. Reddy and Prakash Patii. AICRP on Tropical Fruits. Indian Institute of Horticultural Research. Hessaraghatta, Bangalore Pg. 1-3,6 33
6 3.2 Commercial Banana Cultivation Commercial banana cultivation requires specific climatic conditions, soil, irrigation, fertigation, planting material and post harvest technologies. By following scientific method of plantation, the grower can produce optimum and best qualities of yields and earn more profits. Banana is a crop which can be grown throughout the year. This has least gestation period where the first yield can be expected in just 11 to 12 months from the period of transplanting. Reduced gestation period greatly helps in achieving higher profits. To achieve reduced gestation period, selection of proper planting material is required. Planting Material Banana is commonly propagated through sword suckers having narrow leaves. Three month's old suckers with developed rhizomes are used for plantation. Disease free planting material is made ready for plantation. Though some farmers are using sword suckers for banana plantation, many farmers are now using Micropropagated plants for plantation. Tissue cultured banana plants are getting commercial acceptance due to their qualities viz. superior, disease free varieties and mass production. From tissue culture of bananas no genetic improvement was expected, yet these plants have proved better, compared to traditional planting material, only under a good management system. 34
7 3.3 Difference between conventional and scientific Banana Farming Conventional Farming: Suckers are used as planting material, which may not be free from any infections and can be of inferior quality. In such case, there can be some mortality. As characteristics of the parent material is not exactly known, yield upto the expectations may not be achieved. The banana plant yields, on an average, about 25 kg per plant. Total plant population is from 1200 to 1380 plants per acre. Water is fed either through flood, furrow or basin system so there is possibility of under or over water resulting yield variation. As solid fertilizers are applied manually, there is high labour cost and the fertilizer is not utilized fully due to either under or over watering. As flowering and fruiting is inconsistent and at indifferent times, market acceptability is moderate. Total profit is not so high in unit area, which is due to less plant population and mortality. Scientific Farming: Tissue cultured plants are used as planting material, which are free from all infections, resulting no mortality of plants. The yields are very high, upto the expectation. Plants yield on an average of about 40 kg per plant. Total Plant population is about 2003 plants per acre according to high-density method of plantation. As water is fed through drip irrigation, the desired amount of water is available directly to the root zone. So higher yield is expected. As water solubleorliquid fertilizers are used through drip irrigation, there is a saving of labour cost and fertilizer is used fully as it is directly available to the root zone. As flowering and fruiting is uniform and timely, market acceptability is very high. Total profit is very high due to high-density i.e. high population and nil or negligible mortality. 35
8 3.4 Brief history of tissue culture of banana Every plant cell has the potential to regenerate into a single plant. When this regeneration of the plant cell into a single plant rapidly takes place at optimum level, it is called as Micro propagation. When a cell is born, it divides, grows or dies. These cells are kept in a disease free, clean and controlled environment with artificial light and temperature where cells start growing and give desirable results. Soon after, reports of banana plantlets produced by in vitro shoot tip culture came from Taiwan (Ma and Shii, 1974). Nearer home, intense work was initiated at the IIHR by Dr. R. Doreswamy and co-workers (Doreswamy et al., 1983). Eversince, several investigators the world over have reported success (Cronauer and Krikorian, 1986). g It was found that with the help of tissue culture technology constant improvement in the productivity, profitability, stability and sustainability of the banana plantation system could be achieved. 3.5 Banana Tissue Culture Technology Scientists experimented on the different nutrient medias and observed where the plant showed best results. These results were recorded and when standardized, these medias were called as the Protocols to produce those particular plants. The media for each and every stage of growth was different. For Initiation, Muhiplication, Rooting different medias were prepared. 8. Tissue culture propagation of Banana. Dr. R. M. Pandey, Director, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research. Hessaraghatta Lake P.O. Bangalore Pg. 2 36
9 Banana tissue culture involved following steps: Procurement of mother plants Disease free banana plantation areas are located. From these areas, the best yielding farms are chosen. The elite mother plants are selected from the disease free farms and maintained under hygienic conditions by spraying fungicides, bactericides and insecticides. At the time of use, these plants are sterilized and then used for initiation. In the laboratory five major steps are involved in the production process. Stage I: Initiation In the laboratory, after the surface sterilization of the plant part, the innermost tissue (ex-plant) is dissected in sterile conditions and put onto the initiation medium for growth. Initiation medium contains micro and macro elements, vitamins, irons and growth promoting hormones, solidified by agar agar. (Figure 1.) Stage II : Multiplication This is the next stage to multiply the plants in sterile conditions. When the tissue starts growing and forms a shoot, it is transferred to another medium containing growth-promoting hormones that enhance the cell division. The growing shoot multiplies and forms a cluster of three or four shoots. Same cycles are repeated for ten to twelve times to reach to the optimum production. (Figure 2.) 37
10 stage III : Shooting and rooting When the plant is ready, it has to be transferred to the rooting medium. The single shoots are separated and placed onto a shooting and rooting medium. At this stage the hormones may or may not be required. The shoot elongates and new roots come up. Rooting takes about three or four weeks and the plant becomes ready for hardening. (Figure 3.) Stage IV : Semi-Hardening In the semi-hardening process, the plants are made ready to sustain in the natural farm conditions. Hardening is done in the controlled conditions of the green house. The plants are taken out of the bottle and the media adhering to the root system is washed fiilly. Afterwards, the plants are graded as per their size and then transferred singly into the seed tray containing sterile, soil-less medium (a mixture of peat moss, soilrite, sand or perlite). These trays are kept in the humidity chambers for six weeks and thereafter they are kept in open in the Green House. Regular spraying of fungicides, bactericides and insecticides is done to achieve good hygienic condition of the plants. (Figure 4.) Stage V : Hardening In the hardening process, the plants from the seed tray are separated and transferred into polythene bags preferably black coloured, containing a mixture of sand, soil, peat moss, soilrite, perlite or compost. These plants are kept in the shade-house where Fifty to Seventy-five percent of the sunlight is reduced through the nets and entry of insects is also eliminated. Irrigation is done by drip in each polybag and sprinklers or misters maintain humidity. This hardening also takes another six weeks and the plants get fully acclimatized to environmental stresses. These plants are directly used for planfing into the field. (Figure 5.) 38
11 Figure 1. Laboratory technicians at initiation stage of banana Figure 2. Laboratory technicians at banana multiplication 39
12 Figure 3. Grown banana plants at rooting stage Figure 4. Semi-hardened banana plants in humidity chambers 40
13 Figure 5. Hardened banana plant ready for sale Flow Chart No. 2 Process Flow Chart For Tissue Culture of Banana Selection of Elite Plants ight Selection of Daughter Sword Sucker i Surface Sterilization of Sucker and dissection of the shoot tips under aseptic condition i Inoculation of shoot tip on nutrient media and incubation in controlled microclimatic conditions i Establishment of cultures and origin of new shoots I Multiplication of Shoots Elongation or Shooting / Rooting Primary hardening or rooted plants in green house Planting in the field 41
14 Recent experiments conducted to evaluate the performance of tissue cultured seedlings v/s normal suckers planting in Basrai Banana: 9 A study was conducted to evaluate the performance of tissue culture seedlings V/s normal suckers planting during at Banana Research Station, Jalgaon, Maharashtra. The results of this experiments revealed that tissue culture seedlings planting was found significantly superior over normal sucker planting for all growth, yield and yield attributing characters studied. The commercial method of propagation of banana is by rhizome planting. Now a days, use of tissue culture seedlings as a planting material in banana is becoming popular in this region. To evaluate the prospects and performance of tissue cultured seedlings in comparison with normal suckers as planting material, a comprehensive study was made. Materials and methods: The experiment was conducted about materials and methods used in banana tissue culture during Two treatments viz., use of tissue culture seedling and normal sucker as planting material in randomized and block design replicated six times. Almost uniform suckers of Basrai and tissue culture seedlings were planted at the spacing of 1.5 m x 1.5 m and all plant received uniform dose of NPK. Observations on plant characters; crop, duration, yield and yield attributes were recorded. 9. Seminar on technological advancement in Banana production handling and processing management - Souvenir March 1999 CD. Badgujar, S. S. Deshmukh, R. M. Birhade, C. R. Palwe and N. M. Patil. Banana Research Station, M.P.K.V., Jalgaon Pg
15 The results obtained in this experimented were as follows: The observations on growth and yield parameters were recorded and presented. From the data it revealed that, all the growth and yield characters were found significantly superior in tissue culture planting over normal sucker planting. Average height and girth of pseudostem and average number of leaves per plant cm, cm. and respectively were noticed with tissue culture plant treatments, which was significantly superior over normal sucker planting treatment. Least days for flowering (343.00) and harvesting (438) were noticed with tissue culture planting treatment, which was superior over normal sucker planting treatment. The corresponding figures were , 477 respectively under normal sucker planting. Thus tissue culture seedlings flowered 37 and matured 39 days earlier than normal sucker planting. The yield and yield parameters viz., average number of hands, fingers per bunch, length and girth of fingers were found significantly superior in tissue culture seedling treatment. (8.59, , 2034 cm and cm) respectively. The corresponding figures in normal sucker planting treatments were 6.55, 91.60, cm and cm. Maximum average bunch weight (12.69 kg) was noticed under tissue culture planting which was significantly superior over normal sucker planting treatment (9.66 kg). 43
Cost Effective Hardening of Tissue Cultured Plantlets of Grand Naine Banana for Income Generation
Kheti Volume -2, Issue-3 (July-September), 2014 Available online at www.popularkheti.info 2014 popularkheti.info ISSN: 2321-0001 Cost Effective Hardening of Tissue Cultured Plantlets of Grand Naine Banana
More informationBANANA SOIL, CLIMATE, PLANTING, HIGH DENSITY PLANTING, NUTRIENT AND WATER MANAGEMENT, INTER CULTURAL SPECIAL OPERATIONS
LEC.6 BANANA SOIL, CLIMATE, PLANTING, HIGH DENSITY PLANTING, NUTRIENT AND WATER MANAGEMENT, INTER CULTURAL SPECIAL OPERATIONS Banana : Musa sp Scitaminae Sub family: Musaceae Banana is one of the oldest
More informationASSESSMENT OF SOIL GROWTH MEDIA AND IRON REQUIREMENT OF GERBERA CULTIVATION IN ALFISOL UNDER POLYHOUSE CONDITIONS
ASSESSMENT OF SOIL GROWTH MEDIA AND IRON REQUIREMENT OF GERBERA CULTIVATION IN ALFISOL UNDER POLYHOUSE CONDITIONS Ranshur N. J. 1, Amrutsagar V. M. 2 and Patil A. S. 3 Department of Science and Agril.
More informationEconomic of Potted Gerbera with Different Growth Media under Protected Cultivation in Pune
International Journal of Agricultural Economics and Management. ISSN 2277-3215 Volume 7, Number 1 (2017), pp. 1-6 Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com Economic of Potted Gerbera with
More informationSOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS OF DREPANOSTACHYUM FALCATUM AN IMPORTANT HILL BAMBOO-A RAPID MEANS OF MICROPROPAGATION
SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS OF DREPANOSTACHYUM FALCATUM AN IMPORTANT HILL BAMBOO-A RAPID MEANS OF MICROPROPAGATION I.D.Arya, R. Sharma & Sarita Arya Forest Genetics & Tree Propagation Division, Arid Forest Research
More informationVETIVER PROPAGATION. Nurseries and Large Scale Propagation. Dr Paul Truong Veticon Consulting Brisbane, Australia
VETIVER PROPAGATION Nurseries and Large Scale Propagation Dr Paul Truong Veticon Consulting Brisbane, Australia 1. INTRODUCTION The Vetiver Network promotes the use of sterile vetiver cultivar to avoid
More information1. Title: Large scale multiplication of indigenous Datepalm trees through tissue culture 2. Category: Agriculture/Horticulture Type: Production of
1. Title: Large scale multiplication of indigenous Datepalm trees through tissue culture 2. Category: Agriculture/Horticulture Type: Production of superior quality tissue culture date palm plantlets 3.
More informationEffect of Plant Density on Growth, Flowering, Fruiting and Yield of GrandNain Banana in Sandy Soil
Effect of Plant Density on Growth, Flowering, Fruiting and Yield of GrandNain Banana in Sandy Soil Badway, M. AbdAllah; K.A. Roshdy and M.R.EL-Shenawi 1 ABSTRACT This study was carried out during two successive
More informationSelection of mother plant. Preparation of explants. Fresh inoculation. Multiplication. Rooting. Planting out. Primary hardening. Secondary hardening
7.6 Protocol for micropropagation of banana 153 PROTOCOL FOR MICROPROPAGATION OF BANANA Joy P. P., Anjana R. & Prince Jose, Pineapple Research Station (Kerala Agricultural University), Vazhakulam-686670,
More informationThey are large trees, growing to m tall, deciduous in the dry season
TEAK Teak (Tectona grandis), is a genus of Tropical Hard wood trees in the family Verbinaceae, native to the south and southeast of Asia. They are large trees, growing to 30-40 m tall, deciduous in the
More informationMICROPROPAGATION OF CHRYSANTHEMUM (CHRYSANTHEMUM MORIFOLIUM) USING SHOOT TIP AS EXPLANT
MICROPROPAGATION OF CHRYSANTHEMUM (CHRYSANTHEMUM MORIFOLIUM) USING SHOOT TIP AS EXPLANT R. Nalini Department of Biotechnology, Adhiparasakthi Agricultural College (Affiliated to TNAU) G. B. Nagar, Kalavai,
More informationCultural methods of sucker activation techniques for salvaging underdeveloped suckers in banana cv. Nendran (AAB genomic group)
2017; 5(4): 1530-1536 P-ISSN: 2349 8528 E-ISSN: 2321 4902 IJCS 2017; 5(4): 1530-1536 2017 IJCS Received: 03-05-2017 Accepted: 04-06-2017 Bhende SS Regional Fruit Research Station, Vengurle, Sindhudurg,
More informationConservation Strategies for MUSA
Research News For U (RNFU) ISSN: 2250 3668, Vol. 7, 2012 Available online http://www.doublehelixresearch.com/rnfu Double Helix Research Conservation Strategies for MUSA C. Anuradha National Research Centre
More informationEGGPLANT PRODUCTION GUIDELINE CUSTOMER SERVICES: MEMBER OF THE PLENNEGY GROUP SEEDS OF SUCCESS
EGGPLANT PRODUCTION GUIDELINE CUSTOMER SERVICES: 0860 782 753 WWW.STARKEAYRES.CO.ZA MEMBER OF THE PLENNEGY GROUP EGGPLANT 1. HISTORY AND BACKGROUND Eggplant (Solanum melongena) is a species of nightshade
More informationPlant Tissue Culture. Dr. Alain Lemansour UAE University Date Palm Development Research Unit Dept.
Plant Tissue Culture By Dr. Alain Lemansour UAE University Date Palm Development Research Unit Dept. What is it? Tissue culture is the term used for the process of growing cells artificially in the laboratory
More informationEffect of Different Scion Varieties of Mango on Growth and Biomass Production per Formance of Stone Grafts (Mangifera indica L.)
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7692 Special Issue-6 pp. 1642-1648 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Effect of Different Scion
More informationRole of Plant Hormones on Vegetative Growth of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 9 (2017) pp. 3319-3323 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.609.410
More informationSummary and conclusion
Summary and conclusion 6.1 Chemical sterilization of Explants Surface sterilization of explants collected from mature trees is necessary before initiation of any in vitro culture. In the present study
More informationPotentiality of Different Varieties of Fig for Rooting of Cuttings under Open and Shade House Conditions in Northern Dry Zone of Karnataka, India
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 11 (2017) pp. 1763-1768 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.611.212
More informationLow-Cost Alternatives for Conventional Tissue Culture Media
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 04 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.704.288
More informationPlant Profile.
DAVANA Plant Profile Family : Asteraceae Indian name : Davanam (Sanskrit) Davana (Hindi) Davana (Kannada) Davanam (Tamil) Species : Artemisia pallens Distribution : India Davana is an important annual
More informationIn vitro propagation of Musa sp (Banana)
ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 3 Number 7 (2014) pp. 399-404 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article In vitro propagation of Musa sp (Banana) M.Anbazhagan *, B. Balachandran and K. Arumugam Department
More informationQuestion Bank Vegetative Propagation
Question Bank Vegetative Propagation 1. Define vegetative reproduction. Ans. Vegetative reproduction is the formation of a new individual from any vegetative part of the plant body. 2. Mention any two
More informationVEGETATIVE PROPAGATION
VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION CHAPTER 7 7.1. INTRODUCTION A species perpetuates within the ecosystem by sexual and / or asexual reproduction. The former involves the fusion of male and female gametes, and the
More information4. VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION
The Division of Subtropical Agriculture. The Volcani Institute of Agricultural Research 1960-1969. Section B. Avocado. Pg 47-54. 4. VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION a. Rooting of Leaf-bearing Cuttings - A. Kadman
More informationSoil & Garden Preparation. Presented by Missouri Valley Master Gardeners
Soil & Garden Preparation Presented by Missouri Valley Master Gardeners Healthy Yankton Community Gardens Located on City Limit Road Sites available March 14, 2016 Avera Pavilion Cost $20 Contact HealthyYankton@gmail.com
More informationFlowering and yield in processing tomato varieties as influenced by planting density and fertigation
2018; 7(2): 3481-3485 E-ISSN: 2278-4136 P-ISSN: 2349-8234 JPP 2018; 7(2): 3481-3485 Received: 04-01-2018 Accepted: 06-02-2018 CH Shanmukhi MLN Reddy AVD Dorajee Rao P Anji Babu Flowering and yield in processing
More informationA study of the plants produced by different methods of vegetative propagation in mango (cvs. Amrapali and Gopalbhog)
J. Agrofor. Environ. 2 (2): 9-13, 2008 ISSN 1995-6983 A study of the plants produced by different methods of vegetative propagation in mango (cvs. Amrapali and Gopalbhog) M.F.A. Bhuiyan, M.A. Rahim and
More informationVETIVER SYSTEM. Propagation and Nursery. Dr. Paul Truong Veticon Consulting Brisbane, Australia
VETIVER SYSTEM Propagation and Nursery Dr. Paul Truong Veticon Consulting Brisbane, Australia www.uqconnect.net/veticon All materials in this document remain the property of Veticon Consulting P/L. Permission
More informationSprout length (cm), number of leaves per budded plant and diameter of the bud sprout (mm) sprouting from bud were taken at an interval of 15 days.
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 07 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.707.444
More informationAgronomy of Castor Beans. Crop Research Unit Research & Development Division Ministry of Industry Commerce Agriculture & Fisheries
Agronomy of Castor Beans Crop Research Unit Research & Development Division Ministry of Industry Commerce Agriculture & Fisheries Introduction Scientific Name: Ricinus communis General description: tall,
More informationEFFECTS OF STAGE OF DESUCKERING ON GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS OF BANANA CLONE WILLIAMS W-193/3
International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, Vol. 3, No 1, 2014, 357 364 ISSN 2278-3687 (O) EFFECTS OF STAGE OF DESUCKERING ON GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS OF BANANA CLONE WILLIAMS W-193/3 Seif
More informationPRUNING IN COFFEE INTRODUCTION:
INTRODUCTION: PRUNING IN COFFEE This note on PRUNNING IN COFFEE is born out of my practical experience. The facts and the methods of pruning in this would help planters of all status to practically apply
More informationShort variety (Dwarf Cavendish, Giant Cavendish) 2.5 m 3 m. Medium variety (Valery, Williams) 3.0 m 4.0 m Tall variety (Lacatan, Poyo) 4.0m 4.0.
BANANA FARMING Introduction Banana is a perennial crop that does well in most tropics. They do well in fairly hot and humid areas with adequate moisture. Ecological requirements Soils: Deep, well drained
More informationImpact of vermicompost on quality and yield of chrysanthemum
International Journal of Farm Sciences 2(2): 48-53, 2012 Impact of vermicompost on quality and yield of chrysanthemum JK SAROJANI, JS HILLI and S DEVENDRAPPA* Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Dharwad *Directorate
More informationDemonstrate that inoculation can increase the yield of legumes.
MODULE 7: DEMONSTRATION 1 EFFECT OF FARM MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON THE YIELD RESPONSE TO LEGUME INOCULATION PURPOSE Demonstrate that inoculation can increase the yield of legumes. Demonstrate how farm management
More informationMicropropagation of Sterile and Non-Flowering Nicotiana Lines
2008 The Japan Mendel Society Cytologia 73(1): 9 13, 2008 Micropropagation of Sterile and Non-Flowering Nicotiana Lines Sarala K.*, Rao R. V. S., Murthy T. G. K. and Satyavani J. V. R. Central Tobacco
More informationGARLIC FARMING. Ecological Requirements
GARLIC FARMING Ecological Requirements Garlic can grow well at an altitude of between 500-2000 metres above sea level. The right temperatures for garlic are between 12-24 C. Extremely high temperatures
More informationDRAFT MALAYSIAN STANDARD OFFICER/SUPPORT STAFF: (NAD/) Descriptors: tissue culture, planting material, banana
DRAFT MALAYSIAN STANDARD 15A003R0 STAGE: (40.20) DATE: 01/12/2015-31/01/2016 Banana tissue culture planting material - Specification OFFICER/SUPPORT STAFF: (NAD/) ICS: 65.020.20 Descriptors: tissue culture,
More informationFarmers will increase yield and profit by taking care of the hot pepper from planting the seed to harvesting the fruit.
INTRODUCTION Farmers will increase yield and profit by taking care of the hot pepper from planting the seed to harvesting the fruit. HEALTHY SEEDLINGS COMPOST in PLANTING HOLES CORRECT FERTILISER and LIME
More information1 P a g e CABBAGE PRODUCTION
1 P a g e CABBAGE PRODUCTION 2 P a g e Production of cabbages in Kenya 1. Cabbages are mainly rain fed in Kenya and produced for domestic /local market consumption. 2. Cabbages are grown predominantly
More informationSTUDIES ON THE EXPLORATION OF BIOFERTILIZERS IN TEA
STUDIES ON THE EXPLORATION OF BIOFERTILIZERS IN TEA Synopsis of the thesis to be presented in candidature for the award of the Ph.D. degree of the Calicut University By N. Tensingh Baliah Under the Guidance
More informationMICROPROPAGATION OF JATROPHA CURCAS (L.)
Indian J. Agric. Res., 43 (4) : 269-273, 2009 AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION CENTRE www.arccjournals.com / indianjournals.com MICROPROPAGATION OF JATROPHA CURCAS (L.) B.R. Ranwah, D.K. Gupta and M.A.
More informationHigh Tunnel Hanging Baskets, 2010 A Partnership grant funded by NESARE Judson Reid, Principal Investigator Cornell Vegetable Program
High Tunnel Hanging Baskets, 2010 A Partnership grant funded by NESARE Judson Reid, Principal Investigator Cornell Vegetable Program Introduction High tunnels offer a vertical production environment that
More informationFlowering, Flower Quality and Yield of Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) as Influenced by Vermicompost, Farmyard Manure and Fertilizers*
Karnataka J.Agric.Sci.,18 (3):(729-734) 2005 Flowering, Flower Quality and Yield of Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) as Influenced by Vermicompost, Farmyard Manure and Fertilizers* V.G. PADAGANUR, A.N.
More informationEFFECT OF SPACING AND PINCHING ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH IN CHINA ASTER (CALLISTEPHUS CHINENSIS L. NEES) cv. KAMINI
Plant Archives Vol. 14 No. 2, 2014 pp. 961-966 ISSN 0972-5210 EFFECT OF SPACING AND PINCHING ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH IN CHINA ASTER (CALLISTEPHUS CHINENSIS L. NEES) cv. KAMINI K. Pavan Kumar, T. Padmalatha*
More informationHawaii Agriculture Research Center -1- Vegetable Report 2. Hawaii Agriculture Research Center Vegetable Report 2 January 2000
Hawaii Agriculture Research Center -1- Vegetable Report 2 Hawaii Agriculture Research Center Vegetable Report 2 January 2000 INDEX WORDS: asparagus, diversified crop ASPARAGUS PRODUCTION AND VARIETY YIELDS
More informationSuggested Cultural Practices for Moringa. by M.C. Palada and L.C. Chang 1
AVRDC International Cooperators Guide March 2003 AVRDC pub # 03-545 Suggested Cultural Practices for Moringa by M.C. Palada and L.C. Chang 1 Introduction Moringa (Moringa spp.) is one of the world s most
More informationFloral Notes. By . In This Issue. A Publication of the UMass Extension Floriculture Program
A Publication of the UMass Extension Floriculture Program Floral Notes By email Volume 19, No. 6 www.umass.edu/umext/floriculture May-June 2007 In This Issue Summer Educational Programs... 2 Organic Fertilization
More informationPostharvest evaluation of the first three ratoons of some introduced banana clones (Musa AAA)
Sudanese Journal of Agricultural Sciences (2014) 1, 77 83 Postharvest evaluation of the first three ratoons of some introduced banana clones (Musa AAA) Abd Elgadir D. Ahmed a, Mohammed E. Elkashif b *,
More informationIntroduction to Horticulture 5th Edition, 2014
A Correlation of 5th Edition, 2014 To the 2010 CTE Agriculture Frameworks A Correlation of,, to the for Horticulture Unit 1: Horticulture Orientation and Leadership Development Competency 1: Identify school
More informationTHE USE OF A SMALL HYDROPONIC SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING MARIGOLDS
THE USE OF A SMALL HYDROPONIC SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING MARIGOLDS M.A. Wilson', D. Rogers', VA. Khan 2, and C. Stevens' 'Department of Agriculture, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, MO 63701.
More informationSunflower Sunbright and Sunbright Supreme Culture
Sunflower Sunbright and Sunbright Supreme Culture Plug Culture Tips Sunflower Sunbright and Sunbright Supreme are prized for their large flowers, bright colors and long vase life. Often sown directly into
More informationStudy of Different Potting Mixture on Hardening of Banana Tissue Culture Plantlets Its Field Performance
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7692 Special Issue-6 pp. 1941-1947 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Study of Different Potting
More informationSYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION (SRI) - PRINCIPLES AND METHODS
SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION (SRI) - PRINCIPLES AND METHODS 1. Principles SRI is based on the following principles: Young seedlings between 8-12 days old (2-3 leaf stage) are transplanted to preserve
More informationMango planting manual
Mango planting manual Phot Photo: Erick/ICRAF 2016 Mango Planting Manual 1 This leaflet has been prepared by the Tree Productivity and Diversity theme of the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Nairobi
More informationIMPACT OF PROPAGATION MEDIA AND DIFFERENT LIGHT LEVELS ON VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF BEGONIAS
IMPACT OF PROPAGATION MEDIA AND DIFFERENT LIGHT LEVELS ON VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF BEGONIAS A.B.M.Jesfar 1, A.L.M.Rifky 2 & M.H.M.Rinos 3 1,2 Department of Agriculture, Sri Lanka Institute of Advanced
More informationMicro propagation of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) through auxiliary buds
Micro propagation of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) through auxiliary buds P S \Varakagoda, S Subasinghe, D L C Kumari and T S Neththikumara Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University
More informationSEASONAL VARIATION IN SUCCESS OF VENEER GRAFTING OF MANGO UNDER ANDHRA PRADESH (INDIA) CONDITIONS
Plant Archives Vol. 14 No. 1, 2014 pp. 133-137 ISSN 0972-5210 SEASONAL VARIATION IN SUCCESS OF VENEER GRAFTING OF MANGO UNDER ANDHRA PRADESH (INDIA) CONDITIONS B. V. Sivudu, M. L. N. Reddy 1, A. V. D.
More informationGetting the Most out of Your Strawberry Soil Test Report. General Information
gardening.cornell.edu Getting the Most out of Your Strawberry Soil Test Report 1. Be certain your soil ph is in the optimal range. 2. Add a nitrogen (N) source at the recommended rate and time. 3. Add
More informationVegetative Propagation methods - theory
Vegetative Propagation methods - theory Ebenezar Asaah ICRAF-WCA/HT BP 16317 Yaounde, Cameroon Tel: (+237) 223 75 60 Fax: (+237) 223 74 40 Email: e.asaah@cgiar.org 1 Topics for discussion Definition of
More informationVegetable Report 1 from Experiment Station, HARC December 1998
from Experiment Station, HARC December 1998 Index Words: asparagus, diversified crop EVALUATION OF ASPARAGUS AS A NEW CROP FOR HAWAII S. Schenck, J.J. McHugh, Jr., and M.T. Austin SUMMARY Asparagus (Asparagus
More informationPlant Profile.
SAFED MUSLI Plant Profile Family : Liliaceae English name : Nil Indian name : Musali (Sanskrit) Safed Musli(Hindi) Tiravanticam (Tamil) Dravanti (Kannada) Species : Chlorophytum borivilianum Sant. & Fernandez
More informationEvaluation of Gerbera Varieties for Yield and Quality under Protected Environment Conditions in Bihar
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 9 (2017) pp. 112-116 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.609.013
More informationNCEA Level 2 Agricultural and Horticultural Science (91290) 2014 page 1 of 8
NCEA Level 2 Agricultural and Horticultural Science (91290) 2014 page 1 of 8 Assessment Schedule 2014 Agricultural and Horticultural Science: Demonstrate understanding of techniques used to modify physical
More informationPlant Propagation for Successful Hydroponic Production
Plant Propagation for Successful Hydroponic Production Hye-Ji Kim Assistant Professor of Sustainable Horticulture Crop Production Oct 14, 2017 What is Hydroponics? Hydroponics = hydros + ponos Water labor
More informationAnalysis of growth trends in production and export of Indian cut flowers with special reference to contribution of Maharashtra
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development Online ISSN: 2349-4182, Print ISSN: 2349-5979, Impact Factor: RJIF 5.72 www.allsubjectjournal.com Volume 3; Issue 7; July 2016; Page
More informationUnit 4 Landscape Installation
Unit 4 Landscape Installation Chapter 8 (lawns) slp 4.1 Soil Amendments I. Soil conditioners change the physical AND chemical properties of a soil A. Physical 1. Aggregate same size particles into clumps
More informationEFFECT OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS AND STAGES OF SPRAY ON SEED QUALITY OF RIDGE GOURD (Luffa acutangula L. ROXB)
EFFECT OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS AND STAGES OF SPRAY ON SEED QUALITY OF RIDGE GOURD (Luffa acutangula L. ROXB) SONDARVA, JYOTI, *PATEL, N. B. AND MEHTA, D. R. DEPARTMENT OF SEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
More informationNursery experiments for improving plant quality
Nursery experiments for improving plant quality Why try nursery experiments? Often the common production techniques are used without experimenting with other procedures. Even if growth has been adequate
More informationOrchid (Dendrobium spp.)
Orchid (Dendrobium spp.) Cultivation Guide Florance Flora #547/10, 1st Floor, A Block, Ganesha Temple Road, Sahakarnagar, Bangalore - 560092 Tel: +91 80 4213 5053/54 Fax: +91 80 4213 5379 Web: www.floranceflora.com
More informationEFFECT OF GROWING MEDIA ON THE CORMELIZATION OF FREESIA UNDER THE AGRO-CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF PESHAWAR
Sarhad J. Agric. Vol.27, No.1, 2011 33 EFFECT OF GROWING MEDIA ON THE CORMELIZATION OF FREESIA UNDER THE AGRO-CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF PESHAWAR TAHIR ALI*, ABDUL MATEEN KHATTAK** and MUHAMMAD AZIM KHAN***
More informationAlso available on the web at
2009 2000 First print Compiled by Directorate Agricultural Information Services Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries In cooperation with ARC-Institute for Tropical and Subtropical Crops Printed
More informationEffect of Nitrogen and Potassium on Growth and Development of Curcuma alismatifolia Gagnep.
Effect of Nitrogen and Potassium on Growth and Development of Curcuma alismatifolia Gagnep. S. Ruamrungsri, C. Suwanthada N. Ohtake, K. Sueyoshi and T. Ohyama and P. Apavatjrut Department of Applied Biological
More informationChilli also contains vitamin A, C and E. Because of these reasons chilli is having lot of export potential.
1) About the crop a) Name of crop Chilli b) Common names Lal mirch(hindi, Punjabi & Urdu ); Mirachi(Marathi); Lanka/Lanka Morich( Bengali); Marcha (Gujarati); Menessina Kayi(Kannada); Marstu, Waungum(Kashmiri);
More informationCampanula Champion and Champion Pro. Plugs and Production
Campanula Champion and Champion Pro Plugs and Production Campanula Champion series plug and culture Campanula Champion series requires less cooling to flower and expands the marketing window from December
More informationGuide to Growing Breadfruit
food security for a growing world Guide to Growing Breadfruit Our varieties are not genetically modified, but are traditional varieties chosen by the people of the Pacific over many thousands of years
More informationNew Planting. A&L Canada Laboratories Small Fruit News Letter Vol. 3 April 17, application should be at a 90 o direction to the row direction.
A&L Canada Laboratories Small Fruit News Letter Vol. 3 April 17, 2000 application should be at a 90 o direction to the row direction. New Planting Preparing a field for a new planting takes time and should
More informationOpen-Field Soilless Culture of Vegetables 1
SL 291 1 George J. Hochmuth and Robert C. Hochmuth 2 The Need for Alternative Crop Production s Commercial vegetable production is very expensive involving many costly inputs. One of these inputs is suitable
More informationVegetarian Newsletter
Vegetarian Newsletter A Horticultural Sciences Department Extension Publication on Vegetable Crops Eat your Veggies!!!!! Issue No. 540 December 2008 Optimum Planting Dates for Intercropped Cucumber, Squash,
More informationRainForest. Assembly Guide
RainForest 36 Assembly Guide RAINFOREST 36 PARTS Congratulations on your new RainForest Model 36 aero-hydroponic system. This system enables you to rapidly and successfully root cuttings and germinate
More informationB. C. D. B. C. D. B. C. D. B. C. D.
Student Name: Teacher: Date: Test: 9_12 Agriculture AP41 - Horticulture I Test 1 Description: Unit C-Plant Physiology District: Wake County Form: 501 1. Water loss from leaf surface through evaporation
More informationTurn-key. Solutions. Multi Layer. & Consultancy
Turn-key Multi Layer Solutions & Consultancy Turn-key factory ViVi Turn-key factory. ViVi provides you with a turn-key solution for a complete laboratory for any starting material (tissue culture, seed
More informationGrowing Strawberries - Under Cover Practices Last Updated Wednesday, 31 August :47 INTRODUCTION:
INTRODUCTION: Strawberries are a tricky crop, mainly because of its historical genetic development which dictates its requirements for successful plant development and high production. SB developed from
More informationUnit D: Fruit and Vegetable Crop Production. Lesson 3. Growing and Maintaining Small Fruits
Unit D: Fruit and Vegetable Crop Production Lesson 3. Growing and Maintaining Small Fruits 1 Terms Arbors Banded fertilizer Bleeding Broadcast fertilizer Crown Everbearing strawberries Four-arm kniffen
More informationPROUDLY MADE IN AUSTRALIA
Unlock your soil s potential with K-humate Improves soil moisture and nutrient retention Reduces nutrient lock-up in the soil Helps the development of better soil structures Stimulates plant root growth
More informationMicropropagation provides rapid reliable system for the production of
Micropropagation provides rapid reliable system for the production of large number of genetically uniform, plantlets compared to conventional methods and large number of selected types of plants are made
More informationDEVELOPMENT OF FORCED CONVECTION SOLAR ONION DRYER
DEVELOPMENT OF FORCED CONVECTION SOLAR ONION DRYER PROJECT REFERENCE NO. : 37S0199 COLLEGE : SHRI MADHWA VADIRAJA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, UDUPI BRANCH : MECHANICAL ENGINEERING GUIDE : DR. RAJA YATEESH
More informationCROP HUSBANDRY AND HORTICULTURE
SCHEME OF EXAMINATION CROP HUSBANDRY AND HORTICULTURE There will be three papers, Papers 1, 2 and 3 all of which must be taken. Papers 1 and 2 will be a composite paper to be taken at one sitting. PAPER
More informationEggplant Production IDEA-NEW
Eggplant Production IDEA-NEW Eggplant Introduction Eggplant belongs to the same family (solanaceae) as potatoes, tomatoes, and pepper It has been under cultivation in the Indo-Pakistani subcontinent since
More informationFUTURE ORCHARDS Crop Loading. Prepared by: John Wilton and Ross Wilson AGFIRST Nov 2007
FUTURE ORCHARDS 2012 Crop Loading Prepared by: John Wilton and Ross Wilson AGFIRST Nov 2007 Crop load has a major impact on crop out turn and profitability and is one of the few production factors under
More informationPineapple Climate and Soil: Varieties Kew: Giant Kew: Charlotte Rothchild: Queen:
Pineapple Pineapple (Ananas comosus) is an important fruit crop in India. Originated in Brazil, it has spread to other tropical parts of the world. A good source of vitamins A and B, pineapple is fairly
More informationThe cultivar Delhi is triploid (2n=30) and produces more attractive flowers of bright deep orange colour.
PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF CROSSANDRA Scientific name: Crossandra spp. Family: Acanthaceae Crossandra is an important commercial flower, mainly grown in India, tropical Africa and Madagascar. The flowers
More informationACHIEVEMENT LEVEL DESCRIPTORS
ACHIEVEMENT LEVEL DESCRIPTORS FOR THE PLANT SYSTEMS ASSESSMENT Please note: Students performing at the Meets Expectations level also meet all standards at the Approaches Expectations level, and students
More informationGrowing Broccoli at Veg-Acre Farms
Growing Broccoli at Veg-Acre Farms tj2u lajif/iam $tcliard.6 Sandwich, Massachusetts V EG-ACRE Farms, owned and operated by this writer, are located in Sandwich on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. While this location
More informationACTIVITIES OF COMMERCIAL NURSERIES IN SRI LANKA LECTURE 3
ACTIVITIES OF COMMERCIAL NURSERIES IN SRI LANKA LECTURE 3 COMMERCIAL NURSERY Important factors considered for establishing a nursery are agro-climatic conditions, soil types, soil ph, location, area, irrigation
More informationEFFECT OF GROWTH REGULATORS AND FRUIT LOAD ON SEED YIELD AND QUALITY IN BRINJAL HYBRID SEED PRODUCTION
Indian J. Agric. Res., 42 (1) : 25-30, 2008 EFFECT OF GROWTH REGULATORS AND FRUIT LOAD ON SEED YIELD AND QUALITY IN BRINJAL HYBRID SEED PRODUCTION Shivashankargouda B. Patil, M.N. Merwade and B.S. Vyakaranahal
More informationSuccess Stories under RKVY: Sector : Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticulture University
Success Stories under RKVY: Sector : Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticulture University Project Name: Centre of Excellence for Floriculture (2016-17) Title : Strengthening and promoting the floricultural
More informationFlower production of hybrid tea rose (Rosa hybrida L.) cv. GLADIATOR under protected condition through different treatments during winter season
THE ASIAN JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE Volume 7 Issue 1 June, 2012 154-159 Research Paper Article history : Received : 19.01.2012 Revised : 23.05.2012 Accepted : 14.06.2012 Flower production of hybrid tea rose
More informationDeveloping Fertilizer Programs for Fruit Crops Utilizing Soil and Tissue Analysis Soil analysis
Developing Fertilizer Programs for Fruit Crops Utilizing Soil and Tissue Analysis Mary Concklin, Visiting Extension Educator Fruit Production and IPM University of Connecticut Fertilizer decisions for
More information