Varie&es: New innova&ons in Pumpkins, Winter Squash, Summer Squash, Gourds, and Melons. Brent Loy NH Agricultural Experiment Station
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1 Varie&es: New innova&ons in Pumpkins, Winter Squash, Summer Squash, Gourds, and Melons Brent Loy NH Agricultural Experiment Station
2 My Work on Variety Development is Totally Dependent on Collaboration with Several Seed Companies Rupp Seeds Hollar Seeds Johnny s Selected Seeds Dr. Jodi Smith High Mowing Organic Seeds Hybrid Seeds NZ Seneca Vegetable Research
3 Hybrid Melons for New England (Containing NH Breeding Lines) F 1 hybrids are comprised of two parental strains that are genetically pure. Breeding lines released to seed company. Seed increase of these lines by seed company. Hybrid seed produced hand pollination Strain A x Strain B Hybrid Seed
4 Halona Produced by Hollar Seeds. Classic eastern cantaloupe Early maturity with large size. Good vine vigor and some tolerance to sudden wilt. Disease package: PMR 1,2 FR 0,2 Performs will as grafted plant.
5 Diplomat Produced by Hollar Seeds. Galia/Passport type Maturity: as early as Passport ca. 70 d Disease package: PMR 1,2
6 Ambassador Produced by Seneca Vegetable Research. Galia/Passport type Early maturity Disease package: PMR 1,2 FR 0,1,2
7 Honey Sak Produced by Seneca Vegetable Research Early Golden Crenshaw magnificent flavor. Second early 75 to 77 d Disease package: PMR 1, 2 FR 0,1,2
8 Sugar Cube Joint development with Seneca Vegetable Research Attractive and productive small variety Size: 2-3 lbs. Disease package: PMR 1, 2 FR 0, 1, 2 ZYMV, PRSV, WMV
9 First Kiss Produced by High Mowing Organic Seeds. First early PMR 1,2 FR 0,1,2
10 True Love Produced by High Mowing Organic Seeds. Scheduled for release in fall 2017 Athena type very nice melon. Disease package: PMR 1, 2 FR 0,1,2
11 Shockwave Produced by Seneca Vegetable Research Long shelf life variety: harvest when yellow rind flecks appear. Disease package: PMR 1,2 FR 0,1,2 Maturity: ca. 80 d
12 NH5414 On the Horizon Athena
13 NH5425 Early Firm, excellent flavor Long harvest window Very Productive PMR 1,2; FR 0,2
14 Yellow Summer Squash Breeding Breeding work inspired by two observations: 1. Discovery of spineless (glabrous) mutant in Terrible quality of yellow summer squash being marketed, largely caused by extreme spininess on stems.
15 UNH Contribution to Yellow Summer Squash eliminate prickly nature of foliage. Slick Pik YS26 Introduced in 2009
16 Blond Beauty Rupp Seeds PMR, Non-warty Rind, Upright Growth Habit, Early Blonde Beauty Supermarket Fortune
17 Introductions for Fall, 2017 Smooth Operator NH2130 High Mowing Organic Seeds Seneca Vegetable Research
18 Chilling injury (B gene) Fortune Blonde Beauty NH2130
19 NH2170 High Yielding Crooknecks NH2143
20 Developments in Fresh Market Winter Squash Acorn group Cucurbita pepo spp. ovifera Kabocha group Cucurbita maxima Butternut group Cucurbita moschata
21 Honey Bear AAS Winner Johnny s Outstanding eating quality bush growth habit PMR small size lbs
22 Sugar Bush PMR, 650 to 750 g Sugar Dumpling 500 to 600 g High Mowing Organic Seeds
23 Prospects for achieving Sugar Bush quality in an acorn in the 1000 g size class? Ave fr. no. Ave fr wt. Ave. fr. % % Treatment per plot per plot wt. (kg) DW SS ± ± L ± L ± ±
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25 For Squash Connoisseurs Kabocha type Thunder restricted vine high yields excellent eating quality Rupp Seeds
26 Bagheera Kabocha Squash restricted vine, small blossom scar High Mowing Organic Seeds
27 What about Butternut?
28 Appeal to the butternut peeling market.
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30 Kabocha type fruit in species C. moschata
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32 Naked Bear hull-less pumpkin seeds Seneca Vegetable Research
33 NH2020
34 Changing Direction in Ornamental Pumpkins
35 Cargo Bayhorse Gold Joint development with JSS Joint development with Rupp.
36 Initial Focus on Novel Rind Color
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38 Sunlight Moonshine
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40 Bianco Snowball Seneca Vegetable Research Hybrid Seeds NZ
41 Creating a diversity of striped/color phenotypes
42 Long Term Project Funded by JSS
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44 Hua Cui - Research Technician Renee Cantara - Research Technician Kaitlyn Orde - Research assistant Janel Martin - Graduate student John McLean - Farm Manager Evan Ford - David Goudreault - Acknowledgements Dean Jon Wraith Farm Manager Greenhouse Manager
45 Questions
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54 New Variety Introductions
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124 Three Major Species of Winter Squash (Cucurbita species) C. pepo C. maxima C. moschata Table Queen (acorn) Buttercup/kabocha Butternut Delicata Hubbard Dickinson Field Sweet Dumpling Golden Delicious Large Cheese Sugar Dumpling Show pumpkins
125 C. pepo C. maxima C. moschata Will sometimes cross with good seed, F 1 sterile. Will rarely cross, but gene transfer possible. Good luck!
126 Interspecific C. maxima x C. moschata F 1 hybrids have found some market niches. Afford a good root system and graft union for watermelon, melon, and some Cucurbita pepo cvs. A few varieties have become popular in scattered regions of the globe. In general, currently available cultivars are not considered to have good eating quality. No previous attempt to use interspecific hybrids for a processing squash.
127 Potential Benefits of Interspecific F 1 Hybrids 1) Semi-bush growth habit, with upright leaf canopy and rapid development of leaf canopy. 2) Wider adaptability due to maxima/moschata parentage. 3) Improved disease and/or stress resistance. 4) Higher mesocarp yield due to availability of photosynthate typically allocated to seed development.
128 Bush C. maxima breeding lines developed at the NHAES deemed useful for producing interspecific processing hybrids. NH65
129 NH65 found to be compatible with most C. moschata cultigens in terms of fruit set, seed yield and seed fill. Dickinson Field Dickinson Field strain, SC936 Rupp Seeds Long Island Cheese Available C. moschata processing lines
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132 NH65 NH65xLIC Large Cheese (LIC) NH65 NH65xSC936 SC936
133 NH65 x BN
134 NH65 x BN
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136 NH65 x NH176-29
137 NH1316
138 Research Objectives 1) Evaluate growth traits of bush C. maxima x vine C. moschata hybrids compared with parental cultigens, including main stem and internode length, leaf areas and flowering habit. 2) Compare yield parameters of standard processing cultivars or cultigens and interspecific hybrids. 3) Determine components of fruit yield contributing to productivity.
139 Growth of Interspecific Hybrids Growth rates of C. moschata vine cultigens and interspecific hybrids is similar. Leaf canopy development in semi-bush interspecific hybrids is compact, with long petioles and cupped leaves, resulting in a dense, erect leaf canopy. Leaf area of interspecific hybrids is about double that of vining C. moschata cultivars because large leaf size.
140 DF 7/24/ DAT
141 NH65 x LIC 7/24/ DAT
142 NH65 x LIC 7/24/ DAT
143 2011 Study Compared four processing cultigens: Golden Delicious (C. maxima) Dickinson Field (C. moschata) NH65 x Long Island Cheese (NH65xLIC) NH65 x Dickinson Field (NH65xDF) Plant Spacing: 0.6 m x 2.4 m; transplanted onto raised beds, fitted with black plastic mulch and drip irrigation. Four replications of 16 plants per plot, surrounded by two guard rows and 2 plants on the front and back of each plot. No pollinator cultigen relied on adjacent plants of C. maxima and moschata.
144 Fruit Yields in 2011 Fruit Fruit Yield Yield Cultigen size (kg) No. kg/plot t/ha GD a 20.1 a DF b 48.1 c NH65xLIC b 46.6 bc NH65xDF ab 32.0 ab
145 Yield Components of Fruit Harvested in 2011 (harvest at 60 to 70 days after pollination) Mesocarp % Fruit composition Cultigens % DW mesocarp seed GD 11.0 c 84.1 a 13.2 c DF 5.6 a 89.3 b 8.5 b NH65xLIC 9.3 bc 95.7 c 0.2 a NH65xDF 7.7 b 95.8 c 1.0 a
146 Yield Components of Fruit Harvested in 2011 (harvest at 60 to 70 days after pollination) Yield Components t/ha Cultigens Fruit Meso FW Meso DW DF 48.1 c 43.0 c 2.4 b NH65xLIC 46.6 bc 44.6 c 4.2 c NH65xDF 32.0 b 30.7 b 3.6 bc
147 Partitioning of Dry Weight (g) Biomass per kg of Fresh Fruit Weight g DW/kg fruit FW Percent Cultigen Mesocarp Seed Seed/total DW DF 53.8 a 4.9 b 8.3 NH65xLIC 84.9 c 0.2 a 0.2 NH65xDF 72.7 b 0.8 a 1.1
148 Photosynthetic Glucose Energy Equivalents Allocated to Mesocarp and Seeds Kj/kg fruit FW Percent Cultigen Mesocarp Seed Seed/total kj DF NH65xLIC NH65xDF
149 Field Experiment in 2012 Three Cultigens: SC936 C. moschata inbred line (Rupp Seeds). NH65xLIC NH65xSC936 Experimental plots: Spacing: 0.9 m between plants; rows 2.4 m apart Raised, mulched beds with drip irrigation Two gourd rows on both sides of plots and 2 guard plants at front and back of plots. Three replications, 12 data plants per plot
150 SC936 NH65xLIC NH65xSC936
151 Productivity of Interspecific Hybrids in 2012 Fruit Mesocarp Fruit Fruit FW Mesocarp Cultigen FW (kg) %DW No./plot t/ha FW t/ha SC b 5.8 a 30.5 a 50.3 a 40.7 a NH65xLIC 3.9 a 10.8 c 31.5 a 47.3 a 40.2 a NH65xSC c 8.0 b 31.5 a 70.1 a 59.6 c
152 Early Fruit Set Perceived as Problem Fruit Set Fr Wt (kg) % DW Fruit on bed 5.5 a 8.0 A Fruit off bed 7.2 b 9.0 B
153 2013 Experiment NH65xSC936 Objective: Determine flowering and fruiting patterns in NH65xSC936 in control plants and those in which female flowers initiated during the first 10 nodes were pruned. Rationale: Data needed on uniformity of fruit quality and the possible adverse effect of precocious fruit set on fruit yield.
154 Effect of pruning pistillate flowers prior to node 11 on fruit set % fruit on Ave Node Average node Treatment laterals 1 st flower 1 st Fr 2 nd Fr Control Pruned Anova 0.05 ns ns * ns
155 Fruit yields in 2012 and 2013 Fruit FW Meso FW Year % DW t/ha t/ha
156 Are Interspecific Hybrids the Holy Grail for Productivity in Cucurbita species? The semi-bush, upright plant phenotype appears to have greater photosynthetic capacity than vine plants. The root system is probably more resistant to soil-borne pathogens than either C. pepo or C. maxima. Do not have to allocate photosynthetic energy to seed development. Plants show PMR, are not attacked by vine borer, and are not attractive to squash bugs.
157 Acknowledgements Hua Cue - Research Technician Jake Uretsky - Graduate student Jennifer Noseworthy - Kaitlyn Orde - Graduate student Research assistant Whitaker Cole Research assistant John McLean - Farm Superintendent David Goudreault - Greenhouse Manager Research funded by the NH AES and Rupp Seeds.
158 Dry Matter (1 st vs. 2 nd Fruit) a b a a Dry matter % st Fruit 2nd Fruit 2 0 Control Pruned
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