Physico-Chemical Properties of Soils with Special Reference to Organic Carbon Stock under Different Land Use Systems in Dimoria Tribal Belt of Assam
|
|
- Phillip Griffith
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) e-issn: , p-issn: Volume 8, Issue 3 Ver. III (Mar. 2015), PP Physico-Chemical Properties of Soils with Special Reference to Organic Carbon Stock under Different Land Use Systems in Dimoria Tribal Belt of Assam Chandra Sharma Assistant Professor, Department of Environment Management, Dimoria College, Khetri, Assam Abstract: Soil quality mainly depends on the response of soil to different land use systems and management practices, which may often modify the soil properties and hence soil productivity. The important soil quality indicators were investigated under different land use systems of Dimoria Tribal Belt of Assam. In total 7 stations were selected. One station each from bamboo grooves, teak plantation, rubber plantation, shifting cultivation, orange orchard, low land rice field and natural forest were selected. The findings of this study revealed that the soil texture varied in all the land use types. Soil moisture percentage ranged from 16.1% to 24.31% in different land use systems and it was found highest in bamboo plantation. The soil was strongly acidic to moderately acidic with p H ranging from 5.2 to 6.26 in all the land use systems. The average OM content was highest in bamboo grooves and lowest in teak plantation. The available potassium and nitrate nitrogen was found higher in rice-cultivated land than in compared to other land use systems. While the natural forest had relatively higher amount of available phosphorus. Keywords: Land use system, Physico-chemical properties, Soil organic carbon, Soil quality. I. Introduction Soil, the uppermost layer of the earth s crust, is one of the most important natural resources that exist since it is the basic sustaining life on the planet. Soil may be defined as a thin layer of earth s crust, which serves as a natural medium for growth of plants. Soil differs from the parent material in the morphological, physical, chemical and biological properties. The components of soil are mineral matter, organic matter, water and air, the proportions of which vary and which together form a system for plant growth. Soils are the fundamental resource supporting agriculture and forestry, as well as contributing to the aesthetics of a green planet. By supporting plant growth, soil becomes a major determinant of atmospheric composition and therefore earth s climate. World soils contain an important pool of active carbon that plays a major role in the global carbon cycle (Lal, 1995, Melillo et al., 1995). Soils store two or three times more carbon than that exists in the atmosphere as CO 2. (Davidson et al., 2000) and 2.5 to 3 times as much as that stored in plants (Post et al., 1990). Soil is the single most important non-renewable resource for people s food and livelihood in the rural area. In a developing country like India where the majority of the population is still dependent on forest and agriculture, maintenance and improvement of soil quality is a prime concern. The plant growth is directly dependent on good soil functions. The soil resources of Asia particularly the south Asian countries will continue to deteriorate mainly due to increasing population. The study will provide information on the distribution and status of major nutrients, SOC and other soil properties. The soil nutrients vary with respect to land use and management. The general factors affecting soil quality are elevation, aspect, land use and parent materials. The nutrient content of agricultural land may also vary significantly from that of forestland. Similarly, the nutrient content in a rubber garden may vary from that of orange garden. Farming systems have strong influence on soil properties, such as organic matter (OM), ph and major nutrients. Land use and soil management practices can significantly influence soil organic SOC dynamics and C flux from the soil (Paustian et al., 1995, Batjes, 1996, Post and Kwon, 2000, Tian et al. 1999, McGuire et al., 2001). 1.2 Study area The Dimoria Tribal Development Block is situated in the South Eastern part of the Kamrup District of Assam and on the South bank of the river Brahmaputra. It is bounded by Meghalaya on the South, by Morigaon District on the North East, and by greater Guwahati City on the West upto Jorabat Amrigog. The climate of this region is extensively and heavily influenced by the monsoon climate. The area falls under sub tropical monsoon climate. The average annual temperature is 27 0 c and the average annual rainfall is about 200cm. So, rainfall is abundant and widespread. DOI: / Page
2 The people of this region practice different land use systems like Food agriculture, Bamboo plantation, Horticulture, Agro-forestry, Natural forest, Shifting cultivation, etc. Dimoria area is composed of alluvial and red sandy soil. The alluvial soil is found along the river valley of the Digaru and the Kalang. So, the area is rich in agriculture. The principal crops are paddy, wheat, oil seed and so forth. The red sandy soil is found in hilly region. On the slope of the hill jhum cultivation is done by tribes, which is locally known as Ar cultivation. Rice, being the staple food, it is natural that the cultivation of paddy constitute one of the chief economic pursuits of the people, whether living in the plains or hills. 1.3 Objectives of the study The main aim of the research work is to find out the changes in soil physical and chemical properties under different land-use systems prevailing in the area. The changes will be deduced from direct comparison with relatively undisturbed soil within the same climatic regime. The objectives are based on the following: - To identify the variation of different soil properties with respect to land use. To identify the soil quality indicator of different land use systems. To quantify carbon stock in different land uses in relation to other soil parameters. II. Methodology 2.1 Selection of sampling station For the purpose of this study samples were collected from different land uses of the area. In total 7 stations were selected. One station each from bamboo plantation, teak plantation, rubber plantation, shifting cultivation, orange orchard, low land rice field and natural forest were selected. Three soil samples at 0-15 cm depth were collected randomly from each station. 2.2 Sampling procedure In order to collect soil samples (0-15 cm depth) grasses, mosses, litter and other plant residues were removed from soil surface. Collection of soil samples was done by using an auger. In each case, a triangular block was cut with the help of the auger. Soils were collected in plastic bags, which were sealed, and labeled DOI: / Page
3 properly. Three soil samples from a rooting depth of 15 cm were collected randomly from each station of natural forest, bamboo, teak and rubber plantations. One sample each was also taken from 0 to 15 cm layer for bulk density determination. Soil samples were brought to the laboratory for analysis. Before analysis, the samples were spread out thinly on a piece of hard paper for drying in air in a shade. The big lumps were broken down, and plant roots, pebbles and other undesirable matter were removed. After the soil become completely dry, it was sieved through a 2mm sieve. The samples were preserved in clean sealed polythene bags for analysis. 2.3 Soil quality parameters and methodology for their study A large number of parameters are generally used to characterize the soil quality criteria. The most important consideration should be those properties of soil, which influence the movement and retention of water that contribute to store and supply of nutrients. In this study some selected physical and chemical parameters were determined Physical parameters Temperature Texture Bulk density Moisture content Chemical parameters P H Organic matter Nitrate Phosphorus Potassium The different parameters that were used to assess soil quality of different land uses are shown in Table 1. Table 1: Soil Properties Under Study With Their Methods Of Measurement Soil properties Methods Bulk density Core sampling method (Blake and Hartge, 1986) Texture Feel method Temperature Soil thermometer Moisture content Moisture meter Ph ph meter. Organic matter Titrimetric method (Walkley and Black, 1934). % Soil organic matter =% organic carbon x (Allison, L.E., 1965) Nitrate nitrogen Spectrophotometric method Available phosphorus Spectrophotometric method Available potassium Flame photometer method (1986) III. Results And Discussion 3.1 Results of soil physico-chemical parameters analysed The soil quality has been discussed with respect to some representative physico chemical parameters. The results have been discussed on the basis of existing literature. Table 2: ± SE of selected soil (0-15 cm) physical properties in the land use systems Properties Rubber Temperature Moisture (%) ± Bulk density 1.32 (g/cm 3 ) ± Orange Orchard ± ± Teak ± ± Land use systems Rice field ± ±0.002 Texture Silt Loam Silt loam Loamy Sand Clay loam Shifting Cultivation ± ± Silty Clay Loam Bamboo ± ± Silty Clay Loam Natural Forest ± ± Silt Loam DOI: / Page
4 Table 3: ± SE of selected soil (0-15 cm) chemical properties in the land use systems. Properties Rubber ph 5.2 ±0.79 Organic 3.15 Matter (%) ±0.05 NO3 N 1.97 (mg/kg) ±0.32 AP 7.92 (Kg/ha) ±0.64 AK (Kg/ha) ±52.75 Orange Orchard 5.9 ± ± ± ± ± Teak 5.47 ± ± ± ± ±11.7 Land use systems Rice field 6.26 ± ± ± ± ± 19.7 Shifting Cultivation 6.08 ± ± ± ± ± Bamboo 5.4 ± ± ± ± ±9.33 Natural Forest 5.13 ± ± ± ± ±9.33 The soil temperature was found highest in teak plantation ( C) followed by bamboo grooves ( C), whereas the soil temperature of natural forest was C.It may be due to presence of thick plant cover on the land during the sampling time. The average moisture content of soils ranged from 16.1% to 24.31% for different land use systems. The highest percentage of moisture was noted in bamboo plantation. Soil in teak plantation had relatively less moisture content. The average bulk density of soil ranged from 1.07 to 1.41 for different land use systems. Teak plantation had higher amount of bulk density while bamboo grooves had lower amount of bulk density. Soil in the bamboo plantation and shifting cultivation was fine textured, clay or silty clay soil. In teak plantation, coarse or sandy textured soil was found. While the texture of rubber plantation was sandy loam. In natural forest, rubber and orange orchard, texture of soil was silt loam, sandy loam or loam. The average value of p H ranged from 5.13 to 6.26 for different land use types. The ph of soil samples were found acidic in almost all the samples. The average amount of organic matter ranged from 2.65% to 3.80% for all the land use systems. In bamboo grooves, the organic matter amount was found highest. Lowest amount of OM was found in teak plantation. The average amount of nitrate nitrogen was found to be between 1.6 to 4.6 ppm in different land use types. Rice field had relatively higher values of nitrate nitrogen. It may be attributed due to addition of synthetic nitrogen as fertilizers. Teak plantation had relatively lower value of nitrate nitrogen. The average amount of phosphorus in soil ranged from 7.92 to kg/ha for different land use types. In comparison with natural forest, all the land uses had relatively lower value of phosphorus. The average amount of available potassium among different land use system ranged from ppm to 82.5 kg/ha. Higher amount of available potassium was found in rice field. While, teak had lower amount of available potassium. IV. Conclusion Depending on soil conditions like nutrient availability, ph, aeration, temperature, moisture etc. the soil quality varies. Rice is generally cultivated in basic or low acidic ph soils and rice straws are left in the field, hence due to decomposition and recycling of straw organic phosphates, the rice field was rich with available phosphorus. The amount of nitrate nitrogen, P and K in the rice field may be due to the use of NPK fertilizers in the field. Moreover easy and rapid grazing of cattle in the field enhances the nitrate content of the soil. Most of the soil samples revealed organic matter above 3%, which were moderate according to ICAR rating, The organic matter was found highest in bamboo grooves followed by orange orchard and natural forest. The teak plantation was poor in this respect. The reason may be that the soil is sandy and low under vegetation. Whereas, the others experience regular falling down of leaves which may increase the soil organic carbon and thus the total organic matter. The temperature of teak and rice field was found comparatively high. It may be due to absence of plant cover. As it was very much exposed to the sun the soil temperature of the rice field was found higher and the moisture content of the soil was found low as in compared to the other sites. The bulk density depends on factors such as compaction, consolidation of the soil but it is negatively correlated to the organic content. Depending on soil conditions like nutrient availability, ph, aeration, temperature, moisture etc. the soil quality varies. Rice is generally cultivated in basic or low acidic ph soils and rice straws are left in the field, hence due to decomposition and recycling of straw organic phosphates, the rice field was rich with available phosphorus. The amount of nitrate nitrogen, P and K in the rice field may be due to the use of NPK fertilizers in the field. Moreover easy and rapid grazing of cattle in the field enhances the nitrate content of the soil. Most of the soil samples revealed organic matter above 3%, which were moderate according to ICAR rating, The organic matter was found highest in bamboo grooves followed by orange orchard and natural forest. The teak plantation was poor in this respect. The reason may be that the soil is sandy and low under DOI: / Page
5 vegetation. Whereas, the others experience regular falling down of leaves which may increase the soil organic carbon and thus the total organic matter. Acknowledgements The author is grateful to U.G.C., New Delhi for providing financial assistance to carry out the study. Special thanks are owed to Ms. Satarupa Medhi and Mrs. Pari Hazarika for their help in analysis of various parameters of the samples. References [1] R. Lal, J. Kimble, R.F Follent, Stewart, B.A, World Soils As A Source Or Sink For Radiatively Active Gases, In: Lal, R., And Stewart, B.A. (Ed) Soil Management And Greenhouse Effect, Pp1-8 Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, Fl, Usa, [2] J.M. Melillo, D. Kicklighter, A. Mcguire, W. Peterjohn, K. Newkirk, Global Change And Its Effects On Soil Organic Carbon Stocks. In: Dahlem Conference Proceedings, John Wiley And Sons, New York, 1995, Pp [3] E.A. Davidson,. Trumbore, R. Amundson, Biochemistry: Soil Warming And Organic Carbon Content. Nature 408, 2000, Pp [4] Post, W.M., Peng, T.H., Emanuel, W.R., King, A.W., Dale, V.H. And Angelis, D. L The Global Carbon Cycle. Am. Sci. 78, Pp [5] K. Paustian, G.P. Robertson, E.T. Elliott, Management Impacts On Carbon Storage And Gas Fluxes (Co, Ch ) In Mid-Latitudes 2 4 Cropland In: Soils And Global Change. (Eds. R. Lal Et Al.) Advances In Soil Sciences, Crc Press. Boca Raton, Fl, 1995, Pp [6] N.H. Batjes, Total Carbon And Nitrogen In The Soils Of The World, Eur. J. Soil. Sci. 47, 1996, Pp [7] W.M. Post, W.M. Kwon, Soil Carbon Sequestration And Land-Use Change: Processes And Potential, Global Change Biol. 6, 2000, Pp [8] H. Tian, J.M. Melillo, D.W. Kicklighter, A.D. Mcguire, J. Helfrich, The Sensitivity Of Terrestrial Carbon Storage To Historical Climate Variability And Atmospheric Co2 In The United States, Tellus 51b, 1999, Pp [9] A.D Mcguire, S. Sitch, J. S Clein Et Al., Carbon Balance Of The Terrestrial Biosphere In The Twentieth Century: Analyses Of Co2, Climate And Land Use Effects With Four Process-Based Ecosystem Models, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 15, 2001, DOI: / Page
EDULABZ. Ans. (b) 7. The soft, porous layer with a good water-retaining capacity forms the
3 SOIL I. Multiple choice questions: Tick ( ) the correct choice. 1. The process of soil formation is called (a) conservation (b) weathering (c) erosion (d) none Ans. (b) 2. Soil profile consists of (a)
More informationLesson 1: Recognizing the Characteristics of Soils and the Soil Requirements for Fruit and Nut Crops
Lesson 1: Recognizing the Characteristics of Soils and the Soil Requirements for Fruit and Nut Crops 1 Mineral matter Organic matter Pore spaces Tilth Hygroscopic water Soil aeration 22 I. Soil is a layer
More informationMICROBIAL RESPIRATION AND NITROGEN MINERALIZATION IN SOIL AMENDED WITH DIFFERENT PROPORTIONS OF VERMICOMPOST AND COIR DUST
ISSN 0258-7122 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(4) : 537-543, December 2009 MICROBIAL RESPIRATION AND NITROGEN MINERALIZATION IN SOIL AMENDED WITH DIFFERENT PROPORTIONS OF VERMICOMPOST AND COIR DUST B. C.
More informationEco new farmers. Module 2 Soil and Nutrient Cycling. Section 1 Soils and soil fertility
Eco new farmers Module 2 Soil and Nutrient Cycling Section 1 Soils and soil fertility Module 2 Soil and Nutrient Cycling Section 1 - Soils and soil fertility www.econewfarmers.eu 1. Introduction You will
More informationDELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL TAPI
DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL TAPI CLASS VII SUBJECT: SCIENCE Ch 9- SOIL Subjective Type Exercises A. Very Short Answer Questions 1. What is weathering? Ans: The process of breaking down of rocks by the action of
More informationThe Effect of Potassium Humate, Chicken Feathers and Vermicompost on the Water Retention Curve
2015, TextRoad Publication ISSN: 2090-4274 Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences www.textroad.com The Effect of Potassium Humate, Chicken Feathers and Vermicompost on the Water Retention
More information5.1 Introduction to Soil Systems IB ESS Mrs. Page
5.1 Introduction to Soil Systems IB ESS Mrs. Page 2015-2016 I Am Soil Thinking Routine: See, Think, Wonder Look at the following images. For each image write down what you see Then write down what you
More informationSoil Management: the basis of sustainable agriculture
Soil Management: the basis of sustainable agriculture FAB-465 Lecture 11 Lecture Outline Soil Formation Soil Structure/Texture Indicators of Soil Health or Fertility Soil Conservation Practices 1 Soil
More information4/23/2018. Soil John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Lecture 14
Lecture 14 Soil Lecture 14 1. The Soil System 2. Soil Properties and Major Soil Types 3. Environmental Problems Related to Soil 4. Soil Conservation and Regeneration 1 The Soil System Soil Uppermost layer
More information2/19/2016. Objectives. The Basis of Life. Previous Studies. Physical Properties DYNAMICS OF SOIL INFILTRATION RATES IN VARIOUS AGRO-ECOSYSTEMS
DYNAMICS OF SOIL INFILTRATION RATES IN VARIOUS AGRO-ECOSYSTEMS Landon Gibbs and I.P. Handayani Murray State University Hutson School of Agriculture The Basis of Life Soil provides the medium for plant
More informationEffect of Fertilizers on Soil Strength
Effect of Fertilizers on Soil Strength Varsha C Paul 1, Jiss K Abraham 2 1 M.tech, Geomechanics and Structures, Department of Civil Engineering, Saintgits College of Engineering, Kottayam, Kerala, India.
More informationSoil is. Pieces of rock Minerals Decaying organic matter Water Air Living organisms All mixed together!
Soil is. Pieces of rock Minerals Decaying organic matter Water Air Living organisms All mixed together! Soil Horizons the layers of soil O-horizon: the surface litter. Mainly black or brown A-horizon:
More informationLearning Objectives Part 1. Chapter 4 Soil Physical Properties. Soil Physical Properties. Color. Physical properties part 1
Learning Objectives Part 1 Chapter 4 Soil Physical Properties Know what color tells you about a soil Describe the concept of soil texture and its importance Use the textural triangle to determine a soil
More informationEARTH SCIENCE CONCEPTS -Geologic time scale
EARTH SCIENCE CONCEPTS -Geologic time scale -Plate Tectonics -Earthquakes *result of vibrations (often due to plate movement) deep in the Earth that release energy *often occur at transform boundaries
More informationSoil testing Page 1. Contrary to what is widely believed, the colour of the soil reveals very little about its fertility.
Soil testing Page 1 Soil The Basics Soil is the uppermost surface of the earth, which has been slowly transformed by decomposition due to the effects of weather, vegetation and human activities. The parent
More informationEffect of Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) practices on Nutrients Uptake by Safflower and Nutrients status in Vertisol Soil
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 4 (2017) pp. 512-522 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.604.062
More informationTeam number Page 1 of Canon Envirothon Soils Station Test. Soils and Climate Change
Team number Page 1 of 9 2006 Canon Envirothon Soils Station Test Soils and Climate Change There are many kinds of soil on the surface of the earth. The kind of soil that is present at a given location
More informationOmbrogenous Peat Swamps and Development
Ombrogenous Peat Swamps and Development 1. Background 1.1. Formation of ombrogenous peat swamps Formation of ombrogenous peat is a geogenic process that results in the accumulation of plant debris in an
More informationCCA Exam Prep Intro to Soil & Water
CCA Exam Prep Intro to Soil & Water Franz Niederholzer, UCCE Farm Advisor Colusa/Sutter/Yuba Counties fjniederholzer@ucanr.edu and Sharon Benes, Professor CSU, Fresno Physical soil properties Texture Structure
More informationTopoclimate Southland Soil Technical Data Sheet No Waiau
This Technical Data Sheet describes the typical average properties of the specified soil. It is essentially a summary of information obtained from one or more profiles of this soil that were examined and
More informationSoil Notes. General Soil Information
Soil Notes General Soil Information Definition Soil relatively thin surface layer of the Earth s crust consisting of mineral and organic matter that is affected by agents such as weather, wind, water,
More informationProblem soils & its management. Satira Udomsri, LDD
Problem soils & its management Satira Udomsri, LDD Kingdom of Thailand Location: Southeast Asian mainland 5 o -20 o N 97 o -105 o E Area total: land: water: Capital: 513,120 sq km 510,890 sq km 2,230 sq
More informationUnderstanding Soil Variability to Utilize Variable Rate Fertilizer Technology
Understanding Soil Variability to Utilize Variable Rate Fertilizer Technology Agronomy Update -2012 Red Deer, AB Jan 17 & 18, 2012 Ross H. McKenzie Research Scientist Agronomy Research & Innovation Div.
More informationOutline. Overview of Soil Methods. Ecosystem Services in the Soil. Why care about soils? What are biological soil crusts?
Overview of Soil Methods Outline Why do we care about soils? Biological soil crust Soil sampling methods Ecological Monitoring and Analysis (REM 357) Park Valley, UT Why care about soils? Basis for all
More informationUnit 5: Soil - Stages of Soil formation
Biology Form 3 Page 68 Ms. R. Buttigieg Unit 5: Soil - Stages of Soil formation Soil is the layer of material covering parts of the land, the home of many organisms and the area from which land plants
More informationThis section covers the planting of seed, sod, trees and vegetation.
Tender 1, 2017 Page 1 of 5 1. INTENT This section covers the planting of seed, sod, trees and vegetation. 1.1 REFERENCES Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; The Canadian System of Soil Classification, Third
More informationO horizon: the O-horizon is made up of organic material. The horizon is found at the soil surface.
A Good Dirty n Soil Lab: References: Wagner & Sanford. Environmental Science. Wiley & Sons, 2005. Molnar. Laboratory Investigations for AP* Env. Science. Peoples Ed, 2005. Soil Porosity & Permeability
More informationS Usha mani anand. Department of Zooogy, Maha Rajah (A) College, Vizianagaram, (India)
Preliminary evaluation of soil and water of the rice fields for rizi-pisciculture in five rice producing areas of Vizianagarm district in Andhra Pradesh S Usha mani anand Department of Zooogy, Maha Rajah
More informationWhy do soils differ across the landscape?
Today s Objectives: Elements of soil formation Describe important soil physical & chemical properties Describe the ability to use and interpret soil survey information (printed and digital) List some site
More informationRecommended Resources: The following resources may be useful in teaching
Unit B: Establishing a Fruit Garden Lesson 1: Recognize the Characteristics of Soils and the Soil Requirements for Fruit and Nut Crops Student Learning Objectives: Instruction in this lesson should result
More informationDIRT! APES Laboratory Activity
Name: Part I: Soil Texture DIRT! APES Laboratory Activity Can one determine the texture of soil by examining the particles found in a particular sample? The purpose of this activity is to determine the
More informationTHE FOREST NURSERY AND ITS SOILS
THE FOREST NURSERY AND ITS SOILS Dr. Jack May, Professor School of Forestry University of Georgia Forest tree nurseries are located on a variety of soils ranging in texture from sand to silt loam in the
More informationChapter 15 Soil Resources
Chapter 15 Soil Resources Overview of Chapter 15 What is Soil? Soil Horizons Nutrient Cycling Soil Properties and Major Soil Types Soil Problems Soil Conservation and Regeneration Soil Uppermost layer
More informationTEXTBOOK QUESTIONS AND THEIR ANSWERS. Q.1. Can the soil from a field be used to make toys?
9 SOIL TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS AND THEIR ANSWERS Q.1. Can the soil from a field be used to make toys? Ans. No, soil from a field cannot be used to make toys. In order to make toys the soil should be clayey.
More informationBasic Soil Science. Fundamentals of Nutrient Management. Melissa L. Wilson
Basic Soil Science Fundamentals of Nutrient Management Melissa L. Wilson Department of Environmental Science & Technology Ag Nutrient Management Program University of Maryland, College Park Photo credit:
More informationURBAN SOILS & SEATTLE EXAMPLES
Class Results - Mystery Soil #1 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Sandy Clay Loam Sandy Loam Silty Loam Class Results - Mystery Soil #2 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Silty Clay Clay Loam Sandy Sandy Silty Sandy Silty Loamy Loam Clay
More informationAssessing and Amending Your Garden Soil Craig Cogger, Soil Scientist Emeritus Washington State University Puyallup
Assessing and Amending Your Garden Soil Craig Cogger, Soil Scientist Emeritus Washington State University Puyallup The soil is the great connector of our lives, the source and destination of all. - Wendell
More informationSoil Resources. Soil Horizons
Soil Resources Soil Uppermost layer of earth s crust that supports plants, animals and microbes Soil Forming Factors Parent Material Time Climate Organisms Topography Soil Composition Mineral Particles
More informationHORT 102: Soil Properties. Cultivated Plants: Lecture 15. [Teresa Koenig] Slide #: 1 Slide Title: Intro Information Slide
HORT 102: Soil Properties Cultivated Plants: Lecture 15 [Teresa Koenig] Slide #: 1 Slide Title: Intro Information Slide Title: Lecture 15 Soil Properties Speaker: Teresa Koenig Created by: Teresa Koenig,
More informationSoil quality indicators & plant growth
Plant-soil interaction discussion, Wageningen, 20 April 2016 Soil quality indicators & plant growth Oene Oenema Wageningen University "What chemical and physical soil properties should every plant ecologist
More informationLoam: About 40% sand, 40% silt, 20% clay. Mixture of pore sizes to balance water retention and aeration. Considered the best soil for growing crops.
Soil Characteristics Soil is formed from a combination of two Primary sources: Weathering of Parent Rock ( ) = material introduced by plants, animals, and decomposers Minor sources: Nutrients incorporated
More informationSoils and Land Use Test
SOIL PROPERTIES Total Score /50 1) List two of the five main functions of soil. (2 points) Habitat for organisms, Engineering medium, Filters and stores water, Anchor for plants, Cycles nutrients 2) Small
More informationSoil Organic Matter. Organic Carbon and Nitrogen. What Factors Influence the Amount of SOM? What is Soil Organic Matter? Why is SOM Important?
Soil Organic Matter Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Analysis of soil organic matter (SOM), conducted on the AESA Soil Quality Benchmark sites, has revealed some significant differences in the per cent of organic
More informationSoil CLASS. VII Soil Soil is an inseparable part of our life. Explain Humus Weathering The nature of soil: Soil Profile Horizons.
Soil CLASS. VII Soil : The mixture of soil particles with humus is called soil. Soil is an inseparable part of our life. Explain 1. Soil is one of the most important natural resources. 2. It supports the
More informationProceedings of the 2 nd Annual Nitrogen: Minnesota s Grand Challenge & Compelling Opportunity Conference
Proceedings of the 2 nd Annual Nitrogen: Minnesota s Grand Challenge & Compelling Opportunity Conference Do not reproduce or redistribute without the written consent of author(s) Anhydrous Ammonia, Soil,
More informationOverview of Chapter 14
14 Soil Resources Overview of Chapter 14 The Soil System Soil Properties and Major Soil Types Environmental Problems Related to Soil Soil Conservation and Regeneration Soil Uppermost layer of earth s crust
More informationAvailability of Calcium, Magnesium and Sulphur and Their Uptake by Amaranthus as Influenced by Composts and Fertilizers
Availability of Calcium, Magnesium and Sulphur and Their Uptake by Amaranthus as Influenced by Composts and Fertilizers M. R. Shaibur, T. Shaibur, A. H. M. Shamim * and S. M. Imamul Huq ** Department of
More informationSoil aggregates-significance-soil consistency-soil crusting
Soil aggregates-significance-soil consistency-soil crusting Soil aggregates Soil aggregates are clumps of soil particles that are held together by moist clay, organic matter (such as roots), by organic
More information2014 Iowa FFA Soil Judging CDE Exam
2014 Iowa FFA Soil Judging CDE Exam 1. Landscape position is one aspect of evaluating the surface features of a certain tract of land. Identifying the correct landscape position will indicate: a. If the
More informationSoil resources in upper Basho Valley.
Soil resources in upper Basho Valley. Åge A. Nyborg, 2007 Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute. Soil management challenges in Upper Basho Valley Low nutrient content, low organic matter content, deficient
More informationGEOL 408/508 INTRODUCTORY SOILS
GEOL 408/508 INTRODUCTORY SOILS Lecture = 3 hrs/week Lab = 3hrs/week Course = 4 credits Name/Define the Following 1. N 2 2. NH 3 3. NH + 4 4. NO - 2 5. NO - 3 6. protein 7. organics 8. organic matter 9.
More informationUSE OF SOME SELECTED WASTES AS SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL INPUTS
Progress. Agric. 20(1 & 2) : 201 206, 2009 ISSN 1017-8139 USE OF SOME SELECTED WASTES AS SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL INPUTS M. R. Islam, M. Z. Abedin, M. Z. Rahman and A. Begum 1 Department of Farm Structure,
More informationNOT PROTECTIVELY MARKED SUB-APPENDIX A2: SOIL ANALYTICAL SUITES
SUB-APPENDIX A2: SOIL ANALYTICAL SUITES A2.1.1 There will be three soil analytical suites summarised in Table 3 in the text. Details of the analyses to be carried out in each suite and the methodologies
More informationStabilization of sludge from AAVIN dairy processing plant (Chennai) using Vermicomposting
Available online www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2015, 7(3):846-851 Research Article ISSN : 0975-7384 CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 Stabilization of sludge from AAVIN dairy processing
More informationSoils of Oahu. Outline. Soils and Plant Nutrient Supply 2/20/2014
Soils of Oahu Jonathan Deenik Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences Outline Importance of Soils Soil Diversity on Oahu Soil Properties Diagnosis and soil testing Management for Health Soils and
More informationEffect of Pruning on Growth, Flowering and Yield in High Density Planting of Guava
Available online at www.ijpab.com Sah et al Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 5 (1): 285-292 (2017) ISSN: 2320 7051 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.2474 ISSN: 2320 7051 Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 5 (1):
More informationSoil-site suitability for major crops in Renigunta mandal of Chittoor district in Andhra Pradesh
An Asian Journal of Soil Science Volume 7 Issue 2 December, 2012 279-284 Research Article Soil-site suitability for major crops in Renigunta mandal of Chittoor district in Andhra Pradesh Received : 16.08.2012;
More informationSOIL BASICS & CONSERVATION
SOIL BASICS & CONSERVATION What Is Soil? Soil is a mix of eroded rock, minerals, water, air, living things, and decaying matter. Ecosystem Services of Soil Provides nutrients for plants Provides support
More informationEFFECT OF GROWING MEDIA ON THE CORMELIZATION OF FREESIA UNDER THE AGRO-CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF PESHAWAR
Sarhad J. Agric. Vol.27, No.1, 2011 33 EFFECT OF GROWING MEDIA ON THE CORMELIZATION OF FREESIA UNDER THE AGRO-CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF PESHAWAR TAHIR ALI*, ABDUL MATEEN KHATTAK** and MUHAMMAD AZIM KHAN***
More informationMechanisms of Nutrient Uptake: Is Fertilization Enough?
Mechanisms of Nutrient Uptake: Is Fertilization Enough? Fabián G. Fernández & Water Quality Specialist Department of Soil, Water, and Climate fabiangf@umn.edu Conference 09 Feb. 2016, Morton, MN Justice
More informationSoil is formed by various processes and originates from parent material.
Soils and sediments usually contain organic matter from decayed vegetation. A majority of the organic matter is humic substances. o Humic substances are naturally formed from the decomposition of vegetation.
More informationKnow Your Soil Getting the Dirt on Your Dirt FWAA. Dr. Steve Petrie Director of Agronomic Services
Know Your Soil Getting the Dirt on Your Dirt FWAA Dr. Steve Petrie Director of Agronomic Services Crop productivity Genetics Soil Temperature Environ ment Crop Yield Moisture Manage ment Take the time
More informationSoil Geography Notes JC-Learn. JC-Learn. Geography Notes Soil. 1 P a g e
JC-Learn Geography Notes Soil 1 P a g e Soil Soil is the thin covering of loose material that makes up the outermost layer of our planet. It is a living thing and a rich natural resource. Plants need soil
More information0.40 Argent-Loblolly Pine. Clarksville-Shortleaf Pine 0.20 Dome-Ponderosa Pine Cohasset-Ponderosa Pine
2.00 1.80 1.60 1.40 Argent: R 2 = 0.50 Shoot Weight (g) 1.20 1.00 0.80 Clarksville:R 2 = 0.79 0.60 Dome: R 2 = 0.82 0.40 Argent-Loblolly Pine Cohasset: R 2 = 0.64 Clarksville-Shortleaf Pine 0.20 Dome-Ponderosa
More informationIf you are not able to turn in your notebook see me or Dan ASAP
Notebook Collection Collecting hard copies now OR Electronic versions using Catalyst drop box Due by 5:30 pm today Use website for link If you are not able to turn in your notebook see me or Dan ASAP URBAN
More informationa. OVERALL PROFILE DEPTH: Assess the depth to the first restrictive layer, which can be a tree root, a rock or an
OBSERVING SOIL PROCEDURE Using a shovel, soil probe, or soil auger, collect a soil profile. (Go as deep as you can with the equipment). Arrange the soil you remove from the ground on newspaper or in a
More informationPASTURE AND HAY FIELDS: SOIL FUNDAMENTALS. Sanders County April 8, Clain Jones
PASTURE AND HAY FIELDS: SOIL FUNDAMENTALS Sanders County April 8, 2015 Clain Jones clainj@montana.edu 994-6076 Objectives Present soil properties and how they interact with plant nutrients Illustrate the
More informationDO YOU KNOW YOUR SOILS? (Rev. 10/11)
DO YOU KNOW YOUR SOILS? (Rev. 10/11) Circle all the correct answers. 1. What is the layer normally present on the surface of the soil in cropped fields? a. O c. Ap e. B g. R b. A d. E f. C 2. Available
More informationTHE TENNESSEE VEGETABLE GARDEN
THE BACKYARD SERIES BACKYARD VEGETABLES W 346-A THE TENNESSEE VEGETABLE GARDEN SITE SELECTION AND SOIL TESTING Natalie Bumgarner, Assistant Professor and UT Extension Residential and Consumer Horticulture
More informationCLAY, SANDY AND PEAT SOILS, AND SOIL ORGANIC MATTER
CLAY, SANDY AND PEAT SOILS, AND SOIL ORGANIC MATTER Background Most normal soils ( mineral soils ) consist of tiny particles of rock that have been broken into small pieces by such things as wind, water,
More informationSoil characteristics that influence nitrogen and water management
Section C Soil characteristics that influence nitrogen and water management Soil characteristics vary across the landscape Soils vary from one field to another, and often within the same field. Soil differences
More informationRole of Plant Hormones on Vegetative Growth of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 9 (2017) pp. 3319-3323 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.609.410
More informationSoil Quality / Understanding Soil Health what are we missing?
Soil Quality / Understanding Soil Health what are we missing? Soil Quality Test Kit Clarence Chavez Soil Scientist The USDA is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer Soils are not machines: It s an
More information2018 Iowa FFA Soil Judging CDE Exam 1. Landscape positions characterizes the location of the soil on the landscape and identifies potential risks.
2018 Iowa FFA Soil Judging CDE Exam 1. Landscape positions characterizes the location of the soil on the landscape and identifies potential risks. Which landscape position is considered the floodplain
More informationSoil Physical Properties
Soil Physical Properties ESRM 311 SEFS 507 Some examples of mineral soil development eg, Rock Weathering Types of Weathering Physical/Mechanical Chemical Biological Photo by D Vogt CO 2 + H 2 O H 2 CO
More informationPHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY IN RELATION TO SOIL ph IN CANE BELT AREAS OF FIJI. Nazeea Bano, Milika Vaniqi, Merlyn Goundar
1 PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY IN RELATION TO SOIL ph IN CANE BELT AREAS OF FIJI Nazeea Bano, Milika Vaniqi, Merlyn Goundar Sugar Research Institute of Fiji, P.O Box 3560, Lautoka, Fiji. Corresponding author:
More informationSOILS OF INDIA
GEOGRAPHY SOILS OF INDIA 2018-2019 1) Write down any 2 steps that can be taken by an Indian Farmer to prevent Soil 2) Erosion. A (l) Planting of trees to act as wind breaks (2) Terrace farming (3) Strip
More informationThe Nature of Soil Soil Conservation Sustainable Ag.
Chapter 6 & 7 The Nature of Soil Soil Conservation Sustainable Ag. Climate Soil Forming Factors Parent material Organisms Topography Time Value of Soil Soil is under appreciated Condition of soil affects
More informationChi-hsu Hsieh*, and Allen P. Davis**,
Diffuse Pollution Conference Dublin 3 MULTIPLE-EVENT STUDY OF BIORETENTION FOR TREATMENT OF URBAN STORM WATER RUNOFF Chi-hsu Hsieh*, and Allen P. Davis**, *Graduate Research Assistant, (chihsu@wam.umd.edu)
More informationSoils and their Relationship with Agriculture
Soils and their Relationship with Agriculture Presentation created by Thomas Gallagher Modified by Hank Bignell Capital Area Agriculture and Horticulture Program Cornell University Cooperative Extension
More informationSoil Chemistry. Key Terms.
Soil Chemistry Key Terms Key Terms in Soil Chemistry Buffering capacity - this is the soil's ability to resist changes in soil ph. Soils with a high buffering capacity require a great deal of amendment
More informationSoil Organic Carbon Storage as Affected by Physiographic Positions on a Caternary Landscape in an Ultisol in Owerri, Southeastern
International Journal of Research in Agriculture and Forestry Volume 1, Issue 2, December 2014, PP 18-22 ISSN 2394-5907 (Print) & ISSN 2394-5915 (Online) Soil Organic Carbon Storage as Affected by Physiographic
More information2011 Wisconsin Envirothon Soils and Land Use Exam
2011 Wisconsin Envirothon Soils and Land Use Exam USE THE OCONTO COUNTY SOIL SURVEY TO ANSWER QUESTIONS 1-4 The Pensaukee River Wetland Complex is a mixture of state (Pensaukee Wildlife Area) and privately
More informationA&L Canada Laboratories Inc.
A&L Canada Laboratories Inc. 2136 Jetstream Rd, London ON N5V3P5 Tel: (519) 457-2575 Fax: (519) 457-2664 SOIL SAMPLING GUIDE SOIL SAMPLING PROCEDURES The intention of the following information is to aid
More informationSoil Damage From Compaction
Soil Damage From Compaction by Dr. Kim D. Coder, University of Georgia July 000 Having reviewed the primary means by which soils become compacted, the results of compaction can be estimated for tree and
More informationManaging Phosphorus Fertilization of Citrus using Soil Testing 1
SL 186 Managing Phosphorus Fertilization of Citrus using Soil Testing 1 Thomas A. Obreza 2 Introduction The purpose of this publication is to provide a brief review of phosphorus (P) fertilization practices
More informationSoils and Fertilizers. Leo Espinoza Soils Specialist
Soils and Fertilizers Leo Espinoza Soils Specialist 2004 What is soil? A collection of organic and inorganic bodies on the earth s surface, modified by the surrounding environment or even made by humans,
More informationGlobal Soils. The Nature of Soil The Soil Water Balance Soil Development The Global Scope of Soils Global Climate Change and Agriculture
Global Soils The Nature of Soil The Soil Water Balance Soil Development The Global Scope of Soils Global Climate Change and Agriculture Soil is a mixture of The Nature of Soil 1) inorganic material derived
More informationConcepts Related to Soils
Concepts Related to Soils Medium for plant growth: production of food and fibers Construction material Environmental Filter Other uses: Medicinal: pharmaceutical, treat gastrointestinal disorders, soils
More informationSoil Structure and the Physical Fertility of Soil
12 17 th December 2015 Soil Structure and the Physical Fertility of Soil Christopher Johns Research Manager Northern Australia Key Points The physical properties of soil are at least as important as the
More informationUnderstanding Growing Media Components
Lesson A4 2 Understanding Growing Media Components Unit A. Horticultural Science Problem Area 4. Growing Media, Nutrients, and Fertilizers Lesson 2. Understanding Growing Media Components New Mexico Content
More informationPlant Tissue Testing as a Guide to Side-Dressing Sugar Beets 1
Plant Tissue Testing as a Guide to Side-Dressing Sugar Beets 1 L. S. ROBERTSON 2 The testing of green plant tissue is recognized as a reliable method for determining the nutrient status of plants (3, 5)
More informationSoil 1/18/2012. Soils, Nutrients and Fertilizers Part I. Soil Profile
Soils, Nutrients and Fertilizers Part I Handouts: Soil Texture Triangle ph Nutrient Availability Soil Diverse combination of weathered rock fragments and minerals, with decaying remains of plants and animals
More informationUnderstanding the Balance
Understanding the Balance Soil is the foundation that builds strong crops, plants, roots and turf. Micro Biology in the soil is an absolute must in order to grow anything properly.. The Soil must contain
More informationEffect of soil structure on phosphate nutrition of crop plants
Reprint Neth. J. agric. 23 (1975): 62-68 Effect of soil structure on phosphate nutrition of crop plants J. Prummel Institute for Soil Fertility, Haren (Gr.), the Netherlands Accepted: 25 November 1974
More informationKey words: soil electrical conductivity, nitrate nitrogen, drip-irrigation, fertigation, lysimeters.
1 THE "NITRATE NITROGEN ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY" RELATIONSHIP IN NON-SALINE SOILS UNDER FERTIGATION LA CONDUCTANCE ELECTRIQUE DU NITRAT DE NITROGENE EN RAPPORT AVEC DES SOLS NON-SALES SOUS LA FUMURE Kouman
More informationForms and Distribution of Potassium in Selected Maize Growing Soils of Haveri District of Karnataka, India
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 9 (2017) pp. 923-936 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.609.111
More information2016 Area 3 Envirothon Muskingum County Soils Test ANSWER KEY
2016 Area 3 Envirothon Muskingum County Soils Test ANSWER KEY 1. The majority of the bedrock in Muskingum County is. a. sedimentary bedrock b. glacial bedrock c. igneous bedrock d. metamorphic bedrock
More informationDo Now: From which materials do you think soil is made? Are all soils the same? Think of some ways that they are different?
Do Now: From which materials do you think soil is made? Are all soils the same? Think of some ways that they are different? Basics Soil is a major component of the biosphere It contains solids, liquids
More informationSoils of Palau. Diversity and Fertility. Palau Livestock Management Workshop March 23-25, Jonathan Deenik, PhD University of Hawaii
Soils of Palau Diversity and Fertility Jonathan Deenik, PhD University of Hawaii Palau Livestock Management Workshop March 23-25, 2011 Outline Plant nutrition Soil fertility Soil composition Texture and
More information