IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program Trial Report

Transcription

1 Project Title: Evaluation of phytotoxicity of Mogeton (Quinoclamine) on Bearberry Cotoneaster (Cotoneaster dammeri Coral Beauty ) IR4 PR#: Report date: September 28, 26 Authors: Heiner Lieth and Linda Dodge, Department of Plant Sciences University of California, Davis, Davis, CA Narrative Summary Cotoneaster plants growing in 1-gallon containers were treated twice (at a 4 week interval) with Mogeton at 2 oz./gal (1X), 4 oz./gal (2X) and 8 oz./gal (4X) rates. The plants in the Control group received no Mogeton. The trial period was 12 weeks. During the trial, the plants were evaluated for phytotoxicity and growth inhibition. Mogeton did not cause any phytotoxicity or growth inhibition on Cotoneaster at any of the treatment levels. Acknowledgements: The research was supported through funding from the USDA IR-4 Program, Western Region based at UC Davis, Davis, CA. Personnel involved in this project included: Ron Lane (pesticide application, pest management). The materials being tested were supplied by the manufacturer/distributor. Plants were provided by Matsuda s Nursery, Sacramento CA. 1

2 Overview of Trial and Protocol: IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program The trial was conducted as per the IR4 protocol listed in Appendix A. The details are listed in the section, below, entitled Materials and Methods/Recordkeeping. Phytotoxicity was evaluated using a Phytotoxicity index, consisting of a scale where values of 1 or below represent negligible blemishes and values above 3 represent damage that renders the plant unmarketable. Plant growth evaluations include a calculated volume index which is proportional to the canopy volume. Results: Evaluations at 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 8 weeks showed phytotoxicity index levels consistently near zero so that all means at all observations were below 1. (Table 1, Figure 1). There were no significant treatment effects at these observation dates. Species: Cotoneaster -- Material: Mogeton Height (cm) Width (cm) Ctrl 1X 2X 4X week of trial Ctrl 1X 2X 4X week of trial Change (cm) Volume Index Change (cm) Phytotoxicity Index Control 1X 2X 4X week of trial Ctrl 1X 2X 4X week of trial Change Figure 1. Summary of results for Cotoneaster dammeri Coral Beauty treated with (Control), 2 (1X), 4 (2X) or 8 (4X) oz./gal Mogeton, applied at weeks and 4. Both means and cumulative changes over time are plotted for phytotoxicity index, plant height, plant width and plant volume index. Histograms show changes over the 12-week trial period. SE bars shown. (n = 9) 2

3 Table 1. Mean changes in phytotoxicity index for Mogeton on Cotoneaster over the trial period. Means ± SE (n=9) Phytotoxicity Increase at/after various weeks ( no / yes relates to Statistically significant treatment effect at the 5% level; letters beside the means indicate significant differences in the column at the 5% level) Treatment Week 1 no Week 2 no Week 4 no Week 8 no Week 12 yes (oz/gal). ±. a.56 ±.24 a. ±. a. ±. a.56 ±.18 a 2. ±. a.11 ±.11 a. ±. a. ±. a.56 ±.18 a 4. ±. a.11 ±.11 a.11 ±.11 a. ±. a.44 ±.18 a 8. ±. a.22 ±.15 a. ±. a. ±. a.44 ±.18 a At week 12 there were some foliar blemishes that resulted in phytotoxicity index values of greater than, but generally less than or equal to 1. (Figure 2). Also, these blemishes occurred in all treatments, including the control, so that the effect was due to some cultural factor rather than the application of Mogeton. While a significant treatment effect was present, the low absolute value of the mean phytotoxicity index indicates that this was not a problem. Figure 2. Marginal chlorosis seen on older leaves of Cotoneaster dammeri Coral Beauty 12 weeks after applications of, 2, 4, or 8 oz. /gal Mogeton at weeks and 4. All Cotoneaster plants grew substantially in height and width (Table 2, Figures 1 and 3). There were no significant treatment differences in any of the growth variables. Table 2. Plant height, width and volume changes over 12 weeks for Cotoneaster dammeri Coral Beauty treated with (Control), 2 (1X), 4 (2X) or 8 (4X) oz./gal Mogeton, applied at weeks and 4. Means ± SE (n=9) Plant size variable increases over the trial period ( no / yes relates to Statistically significant treatment effect at the 5% level ; letters beside the means indicate significant differences in the column at the 5% level) Treatment Height Increase no Width Increase no Relative Volume Index no (oz/gal) after 12 weeks after 12 weeks: Increase after 12 weeks ± 1.71 a ± 2.9 a ± ab ± 2.38 a ± 3.19 a ± a ± 2.7 a ± 2.62 a ± b ± 2.32 a ± 2.44 a ±264.2 ab 3

4 Block A Block B CONTROL 1X 2X 4X Block C Figure 3. Representative plants of Cotoneaster dammeri Coral Beauty 12 weeks after two applications of (Control), 2 (1X), 4 (2X), or 8 (4X) oz. /gal Mogeton (weeks and 4). Discussion All observed phytotoxicity index levels were well below 2, so that the means represent no phytotoxicity. There were no treatment effects due to Mogeton on Cotoneaster, either with regard to phytotoxicity index or growth. Thus we conclude that Mogeton is safe on Cotoneaster. 4

5 Materials & Methods/Recordkeeping Crop History Crop Cultivar/Variety: Date of Seeding: Date of Emergence: IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program Bearberry Cotoneaster (Cotoneaster dammeri Coral Beauty ) Date of Transplanting: Liners received from Matsuda s 3/1/6, transplanted 3/2/6 Potting Mix: Pot size & spacing: Row spacing: UC Mix: 1/3 sand, 1/3 peat, 1/3 bark (by volume) 1-gallon pots spaced on 12-inch centers Product(s) applied prior to start of experiment: Product Rate Application Type Date of Application Hoagland s Half strength solution Through irrigation system Crop Growth Stage Application Volume Daily Actively growing 2 ml/day per pot Experiment Information Experimental Design: Number of Reps: Randomized complete block 9 (3 blocks x 3 reps per block) Plant Material and Culture. Liners of Cotoneaster dammeri Coral Beauty were received from Matsuda s Nursery, Sacramento CA, on March 1, 26. The liners were transplanted to 1-gallon pots containing UC Mix on March 2, 26. The experiment began on March 7, 26 and took place in a greenhouse under natural day length with day/night temperatures of 78 /66 F (25 /19 C) (Figure 4). The plants were watered daily during the 12-week experiment with halfstrength Hoagland s solution using a drip irrigation system delivering 1 gallon per hour. Applications of pesticides as part of a normal pest management program were made as needed (see below). Experimental Procedure. Thirty-six plants were randomly chosen and individually tagged for treatment with (Control), 2 (1X), 4 (2X), or 8 (4X) oz. /gal Mogeton with 9 replicates per treatment. These dosages were prescribed in IR4 Ornamental Protocol 5-4 dated 5/5 (Appendix A). The plants received the first foliar spray application on March 7, 26 and the second application 4 weeks later on April 4, 26. The remaining Mogeton residue was partially washed off the plant foliage ten days later (April 14, 26). Statistical Analysis. The data were analyzed using Proc GLM of the Statistical Analysis System (SAS). The phytotoxicity and change in mean value from the starting plant height, width and volume index were analyzed for significant differences using t-tests. 5

6 Application Equipment: Manual spray bottles Product(s) applied during experiment (including treatments, fertilizers, etc): Product Rate(s) Application Type Date of Application Crop Growth Stage Application Volume Hoagland s solution Half strength Through irrigation system Daily Actively growing 2 ml/day per pot Mogeton,2,4,8 oz/gal Foliar spray 3/7/6 5 days post-transplant Mogeton,2,4,8 oz/gal Foliar spray 4/4/6 5 weeks post-transplant Safari 7.1 g/gal Foliar spray 3/9/6 Actively growing Talstar.16 oz./gal Foliar spray 3/16/6 Actively growing M-Pede.6 oz./gal Foliar spray 3/16/6 Actively growing Talus 2.25 g/gal Foliar spray 3/29/6 Actively growing Talstar 6 ml/gal Foliar spray 3/29/6 Actively growing Pylon 1.5 ml/gal Foliar spray 4/14/6 Actively growing M-Pede.6 oz./gal Foliar spray 4/14/6 Floramite.5 tsp/gal Foliar spray 4/21/6 Actively growing Actively growing Orthene.66 tsp/gal Foliar spray 4/21/6 Actively growing Avid 1.2 ml/gal Foliar spray 5/5/6 Actively growing Hexagon.57 g/gal Foliar spray 5/5/6 Actively growing Safari 6 ml/gal Foliar spray 5/5/6 Actively growing Azatin.16 oz./gal Foliar spray 5/12/6 Actively growing Talus.16 oz./gal Foliar spray 5/12/6 Actively growing Talus 2.25 g/gal Foliar spray 5/19/6 Actively growing Talstar 6 ml/gal Foliar spray 5/19/6 Actively growing Environmental conditions during the experiment: Greenhouse 18 Air Temperature (F) /4/26 3/14/26 3/24/26 4/3/26 4/13/26 4/23/26 5/3/26 5/13/26 5/23/26 6/2/26 6/12/26 Figure 4. Greenhouse temperatures (F) during the experiment to determine phytotoxicity of Mogeton on Cotoneaster dammeri Coral Beauty. 6

7 Data Collected IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program Data Collection. Phytotoxicity ratings were taken at week, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 (March 7, 14, 21, 26; April 4, 26; May 2 and 3, 26). Visual phytotoxicity evaluations were based on a numerical rating scale ranging from (no injury) to 1 (complete kill) (Table 3). Table 3. Numerical plant damage rating scale used for phytotoxicity determinations. Rating Description of plant damage No damage 1 No visible damage but unintended (non-permanent) impact 2 Slight leaf/tissue damage (curling leaves, necrosis, etc.) 3 Marginal chlorosis on some leaves (damage on up to 1% of plant) 4 1% 2% of plant damaged 5 Significant damage to much of plant (3% - 4%) 6 4% 6% of plant damaged 7 Chlorosis or necrosis on most of plant (6% - 7%) 8 Abscised leaves, branch dieback 9 Tissue severely damaged (8% - 1% of plant) 1 Complete kill Plant height and width were measured at week (March 7, 26) and week 12 (May 3, 26). Plant height (cm) was measured from the container soil surface to the top of the canopy. Plant width (cm) was measured twice along perpendicular lines at the widest part of the plant, resulting in W 1 and W 2. For each observation a canopy volume index was calculated so as to be able to determine if canopy volume was affected by the application of Mogeton. The calculation was made as H*W 1 *W 2, where H is the height and W 1 and W 2 are two width measurements. The usefulness of this index is based on the fact that many of the models for such a volume calculation are of the form a*h*w 1 *W 2. The constant a depends on the assumption of the shape of the canopy. Since analyses of variance are scale-independent, the conclusion will thus be for the volume of the plant canopy. 7

8 Raw Data Table 4. Phytotoxicity and plant growth data collected for plants of Cotoneaster dammeri Coral Beauty treated with two applications of (Control), 2 (1X), 4 (2X), or 8 (4X) oz./gal Mogeton at weeks and 4 of a 12-week experiment. Phytotoxicity Report Form: Mogeton on cotoneaster dammeri Coral Beauty Phytotoxicity at week Plant Size at week Plant Size at week 12 Height Width1 Width 2 Height Width1 Width 2 Treatment Block Rep (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) Control A Control A Control A Control B Control B Control B Control C Control C Control C Mean X A X A X A X B X B X B X C X C X C Mean X A X A X A X B X B X B X C X C X C Mean X A X A X A X B X B X B X C X C X C Mean

9 APPENDIX A Phytotoxicity to herbaceous perennial plants with applications of Mogeton 25WP Ornamental Protocol Number: 5-4 REVISED DATE: 5/5 Objective: Determine phytotoxicity of Mogeton 25WP to perennial plants commonly grown in greenhouse and/or nurseries. Experimental Design: Plot Size: Must be adequate to reflect actual use conditions. Replicates: Minimum of 3 replications (preferably 4) with 3 pots per replicate Application Instructions: Two applications made approximately 4 weeks apart. Plant materials must be established in containers and have broken dormancy prior to first application. Use 2 qts of final spray solution per 1 sq ft or about 218 gal per acre. Applications should be made over the top of the plants using application equipment consistent with conventional commercial equipment. Please see table below for instructions for post-application irrigation. Plant Materials: See attached list of plant materials. Plants must be growing in containers and not field grown. Evaluations: Record phytotoxicity on a scale of to 1 ( = No phytotoxicity; 1 = Complete kill) at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after initial application. If appropriate, also include ratings for chlorosis, defoliation, stunting or other growth effects on a scale of to 1 ( = No effect; 1 = Complete plant affected). If any phytotoxicity is observed in treated plants, take pictures comparing treated and untreated plant material. Recordkeeping: Keep detailed records of weather conditions including temperature and precipitation, soil-type or soil-less media, application equipment, application volume per acre, irrigation, liner size, plant height & width, and plant growth stage at application and data collection dates. Treatments: Product Rate Post-Application Irrigation Instructions Mogeton 25WP (quinoclamine) 2. oz/gal Do not overhead water for 24 h after application. 4. oz/gal 8. oz/gal Untreated For labels, materials, and any required adjuvants contact: Mogeton - Crompton, Kevin Donovan, x 228, kevin.donovan@cromptoncorp.com Reports: Report must include a brief summary paragraph of results, a summary table with appropriate statistical analyses, a section on experimental design and materials and methods, with raw data and recordkeeping information as listed above included as appendices. If pictures were taken, please include them. An electronic report is preferred but not required. If the report is provided electronically, the basic report can be sent in MS Word or WordPerfect, the recordkeeping information as pdf or other electronic documents, and the raw data in MS Excel or other suitable program such as ARM. Please direct questions to: Cristi Palmer, IR-4 HQ, Rutgers University, 681 US Hwy 1 S, North Brunswick, NJ , Phone x629, palmer@aesop.rutgers.edu OR Ely Vea, 38 Aston Forest Lane, Crownsville, MD 2132, Phone & FAX#: , evvea@comcast.net. 9