GARDEN CULTURE & HYBRIDIZING. By Elvan Roderick & Lindell Barks 2006 Edition

Transcription

1 GARDEN CULTURE & HYBRIDIZING Pauline Roderick Barbara Jeanne By Elvan Roderick & Lindell Barks 2006 Edition

2 AGENDA 1.0 Spring Clean-up & Care 2.0 Spring Planting 3.0 Bloom Season 4.0 Hybridizing 4.1 Selecting crosses What is your Goal? 4.2 Collecting Pollen 4.3 Pollination 4.4 Seed pod development & harvest 4.5 Planting the seed 4.6 Initial transplant 4.7 Planting of the seedlings in the ground 4.8 Care of seedlings 4.9 Initial blooms 4.10 Selected seedlings

3 INTRODUCTION 1.0 This culture is of OUR experience ONLY and certainly is NOT the authority, but rather what has worked for us. 2.0 Your soil type and climatic exposure will vary, so you must develop the system that works best for you. 3.0 Each gardener will have their own method that has been used. Our goal is to share our experiences and hopefully provide a suggestion for your future gardening practices

4 1.0 Spring Clean-up & Care Clean off all old foliage Burn foliage This is done to eliminate insects & possible diseases carried over. One can let the old foliage serve as a mulch during the winter and burn it in early spring. (Late February / early March pending on the weather.) Treat bed for weeds Weed preventative: Preen, Dacthal, ect Mulch

5 1.0 Spring Clean-up & Care con t A. Spray plants for insects & diseases Daylilies are virtually care free, but there are a few insects and a diseases that you need to be aware of. 1. Insects Aphids like cool weather. Buds with unnatural warty and deformed flowers Thrips cause buds to dry up on stem and affect color. (reds & purples) Spider Mites feed under leaf surface. Discolor foliage, occurs during hot dry weather. Spray early when plant are 10~12 tall with Orthene (liquid systemic) twice before bloom season, 2 weeks apart.

6 1.0 Spring Clean-up & Care con t 2. Diseases Rust - Produces raised bright orange colored spores on leaves Plants will not die but will be disfigured and unsightly. Rust can spread quickly to the entire garden. Spore germination is stopped at 39 degrees, so rust will not carry over during winters in Missouri. Removal of dead leaves in the winter and early spring will help limit re-infestations. There have been no fungicide trials that completely stops rust development. However when applied as a preventative, many fungicides reduce disease development. Several fungicides work well at stopping rust spore germination, these include; Banner Max, Heritage, Daconil Ultrex,, Strike & Contrast. All should be applied weekly. We prefer to purchase plants from the South in the fall, allowing g our cold winter season kill out the disease.

7 1.0 Spring Clean-up & Care con t 2. Diseases continued Leaf Streak is the most common leaf disease on daylilies and is present everywhere daylilies are grown. Suggested Fungicides for control; Daconil, Dithane and Cleary Spring Sickness name give to describe a disorder of the daylily soon after spring growth begins. One or more of the fans fail to maintain same growth as others in the clump. Affected fans bend and grow sideways. Leaves frequently emerge with brown saw-tooth edges and holes. Affected fans may grow out of the condition, but others remain stunted or disappear. The plant usually survives. Cause & cure unknown. Crown and Root Rots plant rots and dies. Can usually be prevented by planting in well drained soil and avoid over- mulching and watering. Disease information taken from The New Daylily Handbook Gatlin & Brennan 2002.

8 2.0 Spring Planting B. Site Selection Well drained location away from trees, which starve plant of food & water. Full half day sun Space should be 2 2 from other plants C. Soil Preparation Add equal parts of peat moss, hydrated manure and sand Add osmocote (slow release fertilizer) and fertilizer for spring planting Add fertilizer for fall planting. Note: Osmocote is not added because it does not have time before cold weather to benefit the plant.

9 2.0 Spring Planting con t D. Plant Preparation Check plants for any sign of bugs, disease Place in weak fertilizer solution for 2 hours of longer E. Planting Mound dirt in center of hole Place crown of plant on top of mound and spread roots on both sides of mound. Firm in plant with crown 1 1 below surface. Apply weed prevention (dacthal, preen, etc) Mulch Water plant with weak rapid grow solution

10 3.0 Bloom Season Enjoy your garden! Roderick Seedling 2005

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22 4.0 Hybridizing Why do we hybridize? Satisfaction of creating something beautiful. Waking up each morning knowing that you are about to see a flower bloom that you created. Challenge of being able to create a seedling good enough to introduce.

23 4.1 Selecting Crosses What is you goal of hybridizing? What types do you want to work with? Full Formed Doubles Spiders Mini Unusual Forms

24 Full Form Irish Dance E. Roderick

25 Doubles Topguns Legend Maker B. Scott

26 Spiders Stick Figure P. Stamile

27 Mini Seedling E. Roderick

28 Unusual Forms Skeezix P. Stamile

29 4.1 Selecting Crosses con t Our Goal in Hybridizing. Full formed flowers w/ ruffles & laced edges. Examples of this include: Debussy X Darla Anita RESULT = PAULINE RODERICK

30 Debussy X Darla Anita PAULINE RODERICK by Elvan Roderick

31 4.2 Collecting Pollen How do you do it? Collect / gather pollen mid-morning morning after pollen has a fluffy appearance for immediate use or place is air tight container or capsule and then store in refrigerator until needed. KEY POINTS The crosses you want to make may not always bloom the same day. Storing your pollen will allow you to make these crosses. Pollen can be used for up a week if stored properly.

32 Example of pollen collection

33 4.3 Pollination Check your morning blooms and see if your selected host is in bloom. Make the cross by applying plenty of pollen to the end of the pistil. NOTE: If conditions are right, only 1 or 2 grains of pollen are necessary. As temperatures exceed 90 degrees, success rate on setting seed pods diminish greatly. Place marker or cardstock on bloom stalk or at base of the flower to indicate the pollen parent.

34 Example of placing pollen on pistil Clothed in Glory x Roderick Seedling

35 4.4 Seed pod Development & Harvest After cross is made seed pod will begin to grow. No action is needed during the seed pod development process. Seeds are collected when seed pods turn brown and begin to crack open. Label & count seeds, list pod parent 1 st. Allow seeds to dry 3~5 days. NOTE: Be careful not to let the pods open too much, as birds will eat your future or seeds will fall down into the clump.

36 Bloom has fallen off and pods growing Bloom drying up & pod starting Example of seed pod development

37 4.5 Planting the Seed Plant seeds in sterilized potting mix ½ deep. (soil needs to be moist) Disregard underdeveloped or dried up seeds. Label plantings according to crosses made. Water thoroughly and keep moist until germination starts ~ 2 weeks after planting date

38 EXAMPLES OF BARKS 2004 SEEDLING GERMINATIONS

39 4.6 Initial Transplant When plant has developed a sturdy / healthy root system, it is time to replant into individual containers. This is approximately 4 ½ months after planting seed. Place in 4 x44 x4 x4 pots, using Miracle Grow Potting Soil, w/ Osmocote added. Label. Water thoroughly.

40 FLAT OF BARKS 2004 DARLA ANITA SEEDLINGS

41 SEEDLINGS TRIMMED AND SEPERATED

42 SEEDLINGS PLANTED IN 4X4X4 INDIVIDUAL POTS

43 SEEDLINGS PLACED INTO FLAT TRAYS AND LABELED

44 SEEDLINGS 2 WEEKS AFTER TRANSPLANTING

45 4.7 Planting seedlings in the ground Prepare your seedling bed with tiller, mixing in fertilizer, peat moss and hydrated manure. Plant seedlings 10 inches apart in rows 10 wide. Make sure Crown is only 1 1 deep. Weed prevention and mulch. Water thoroughly.

46 SEEDLINGS WINTERED IN NON TEMPERATURE CONTROLLED GREENHOUSE

47 SEEDLINGS ON LEFT HAND WINTERED IN TEMPERATURE CONTROLLED GREENHOUSE. YOU CAN SEE BIG DIFFERENCE IN THE 2 SETS OF SEEDLINGS BASED ON TYPE OF GREENHOUSE WINTERED IN.

48 300 SEEDLINGS OF ED BROWN x MIXED AND DARLA ANITA x MIXED

49 300 SEEDLINGS OF ED BROWN x MIXED AND DARLA ANITA x MIXED nd year

50 2004 Seedling Development Timeline Bloom season begin: Hybridizing begins: mid Seed pods harvested: Seed planted: early st transplant (indoors): mid Outside planting: early st bloom: mid ~ ~ 15% bloom 1 st year Note: all should bloom 2 nd year.

51 4.8 Care of seedlings Water seedlings as required. Fertilize with liquid fertilizer, Miracle Grow, etc. Once per 2 weeks. Spray for insects, diseases, etc. Mulch

52 Examples of seedling development MAY 2004 JULY 2004

53 4.9 Initial Blooms For 2004, 1 st blooms came at 10 & 11 months from date of planting seed. Examples of 1 st and 2nd year blooms Elvan Roderick Lindell Barks

54 Barks seedling 2004 BARBARA JEANNE

55 Barks seedling 2004 ED BROWN SEEDLING

56 Barks seedling 2004 DARLA ANITA SEEDLING

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58 Barks seedling 2004 DARLA ANITA SEEDLING

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68 Roderick seedling 2004 SPACECOAST SONATA X DARLA ANITA

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76 4.10 Selected Seedlings Seedlings selection process used to keep for further evaluation. Listed in order of priority: Improvement over parents Color break Form Substance NOTE: Seedling selected are transplanted into a new bed for further evaluation next bloom season. This is done in September.

77 Roderick Award winning Cherokee Pass 1 st Place Popularity Poll - Region Eugene S. Foster Award National 2004 Award of Merit - National 2005

78 Roderick Hillview Garden 2005

79 Barks Garden 2005