Evaluation Of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum Morifolium Ramat) Genotypes For Loose Flower, Cut Flower And Pot Mums

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1 Evaluation Of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum Morifolium Ramat) Genotypes For Loose, Cut And Pot Mums Suvija N.V M.Sc. Student, Subesh Ranjith Kumar Assistant professor, J. Suresh Professor and Head, Department of spices and ation crops, M. Kannan Professor and Head, Abstract: Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat) occupies one of the most important traditional and a place of pride, both as commercial crop and as a popular exhibition. Though it is a commercially cultivated crop in our country, the location specific cultivars are not available. This eximent was to evaluate the formance and adaptability of different chrysanthemum genotypes under condition and to identify the genotypes suitable for loose, cut and pot mums. For this purpose, a Randomized block eximental design with fifty eight treatments and three replications was established. Based on the se formance, the genotype Indira was identified to be suior with respect to yield characters such as height (43.13 cm), Plant spread E-W & N-S (42.47& 44.37cm), of lateral branches/ (44.30), Early bud appearance and minimum days to full bloom (56.00 days and 75.33days). of clusters/ (97.00), of s/ (224.0) and yield/ ( kg). duration was maximum for the genotype Chandhini (72.67 days). Centenary and Ravikiran forms maximum for cut characters such as diameter (11.2, 11.4 cm) and Individual weight (7.53, 5.95 gm). The maximum shelf life was also observed in Centenary. Keywords: Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat, Genotypes, Loose, Cut, Pot mums I. INTRODUCTION Floriculture is a fast emerging competitive industry in India owing to its varied agro climatic conditions. Globally, more than 140 countries are involved in the cultivation of floricultural crops. In India, the major cut and loose growing states are West Bengal, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh and the major loose s cultivated are Jasmine, Rose, Chrysanthemum, Marigold and Tuberose. Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat) ranks 2 nd in national loose market. The genus comprises of huge biodiversity in their growth habitat, ing behavior, and foliage colour, shape and size. Based on the head size, it is classified into three major groups viz., large ed (eight types), small ed (ten types) and mini chrysanthemums. The dwarf and compact growing once on the other hand, were suitable for front row ing or as pot mums. Systematic work on Page 100

2 chrysanthemum breeding has been taken up at various research institutes and the objective of breeding is mostly on regional preferences. The present investigation was therefore initiated to select a stable genotype for yield under local conditions and to obtain clear picture on various characters which affect the yield. II. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study was conducted at Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Horticultural College and Research Institute,. Fifty eight genotypes of chrysanthemum collected from different sources viz., IARI, New Delhi, BCKV, Kalyani, Private nursery at Bangalore and germplasm collection of TNAU,, were evaluated during 2013 and The eximent was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The rooted cuttings were ed in the plot size of 1.2 m 1.2 m at cm spacing. Uniform recommended package of practices were followed along with nutritional application and normal flood irrigation. The data on height, spread, numb lateral branches/, stem girth, numb leaves, days to bud appearance (days), days to full bloom (days), duration of ing (days), numb clusters/, longevity (days), diameter, numb ray florets, numb s/, colour as the RHS colour chart, individual weight (g), yield/ (g) were recorded. The observations were statistically analysed. III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION The chrysanthemum genotypes exhibited significant variation for all the traits studied under condition. At 45 th day after ing, Indira recorded the highest height (43.13 cm) but it was on par with Ravikiran (41.32 cm) and Centenary (41.17 cm), whereas Sadbhavana recorded the lowest height of 5.16 cm. Raghava et al., (1992) reported that better vegetative growth will significantly contribute towards the yield of chrysanthemum. Shankar and Tewari (1993) suggested height as an important criterion for screening chrysanthemum varieties. Increase in height was associated with rapid meristematic activity, probably due to rapid cell division and elongation during the tender growth iod (Sharova et al., 1977). The data on mean maximum spread (E-W) of cm was observed in Indira and mean minimum of was observed in Arka Ravi. The mean maximum spread (N-S) of cm was recorded in the Indira and mean minimum of cm was observed in Arka Ravi. Increase in spread might be due to production of more numb branches and by the genetic nature of the. Variation in spread is due to additive gene effects (Vidalie et al., 1985). The mean numb lateral branches was highest for Indira as and lowest were recorded for Co.1 (3.77). The maximum numb leaves was recorded for the Autumn Joy as , followed by Meera White (337.70) and the mean minimum was recorded for Baggi (20.32). The highest stem girth was recorded for Little Pink as 2.3 cm and minimum were recorded for Lilyput (0.5 cm). Table 1 Genotypes Plant height Plant spread E-W N-S of lateral branches leaves Stem girth Meera White Red Gold Arka Ravi Indira Shanthi Co Basanthi Co Shymal Sel Sel Ravikiran Rani Baggi Sel Chandhini Acc Centenary Anmol Neon Cindrella Rennila Vasanthika Cal Pink red Sunny pink Terror Bodego Red Tornata Tequila Punch Saradmala SwethaSinga r Sadbhavana Pinkstar Anuradha Dundi WinterQueen Megami Beauty Statesman Autumn Joy Redstone Aparajitha Jublee Flirt Teri Lalpark Dolly Orange Little Pink Lalith Yellow charm Mother Teresa Jaya Page 101

3 Lilyput Swapna Bc CD (P=0.05) Table 1: Vegetative parameters of chrysanthemum genotypes Significant variation among the genotypes was observed in days taken for bud appearance. The early bud appearance of days was registered in Indira followed by Saradmala (58.33 days). Whereas, the late bud appearance was recorded in Statesman ( days) and Ravikiran ( days) respectively. The variation for early or late bloom seems to be the varietal character (Kanamadi and Patil, 1993; Behera et al., 2002 in chrysanthemum. Similar findings were reported by Bhattacharjee (1981) in gerbera. The data on this attribute revealed that the numb days taken to full bloom varied significantly among the genotypes tested. The Indira took minimum numb days for full bloom (75.33 days) followed by sunny and Pink (76.66) but both are on par. Whereas, Statesman took more numb days to full bloom (146.67) which is on par with Ravikiran (145.33). The other varieties recorded the intermediate values. There were a significant differences observed in duration of ing among the varieties evaluated. However, the duration of ing was minimum for Swapna (26.33) and maximum for Chandhini (72.67 days) and Rani (79.21 days). The highest diameter (11.4 cm) was recorded in Ravikiran which was on par with the genotype Centenary (11.2 cm). The lowest diameter was registered in genotype red (1.7 cm) which was on par with genotypes Bodego Red (1.7 cm) and pink (1.8 cm). The diameter is directly correlated with weight of individual and yield plot. The variation in size in these genotypes may be attributed to the inherent genetic characters of the individual cultivars and environmental factors Biradur and Khan (1996); Singh and Ramachandran (2002). The genotype, Indira significantly registered the maximum numb ray florets (242.60) followed by Centenary (242.30), whereas the minimum was recorded in Rennila (17.99). The maximum numb clusters was recorded in Indira (97.00), followed by Aparajitha (89.33) and Little Pink (88.70) and the lowest was recorded in Lilyput (6.32). The numb clusters and numb s produced ultimately determine the vigour of the genotype for the production (Anonymous, 1991). The maximum shelf life was observed for Centenary (18.21) which is on par with Lalith (18.00). The least shelf life was registered in Neon (8.31), Lilyput (8.33), Cindrella (8.33) and Sadbhavana (8.33) Table 2. The longest shelf life was mainly due to reduced rate of evaporation and transpiration, prevailing low temature and low wind velocity. Genotype s Days to bud appear ance Days to full bloom Durati on of ing (days) Flow er dia mete r ray florets cluster s colour (RHS colour chart) Shelf life (days) Meera 155 D White Red Gold A Arka Ravi Indira A Shanthi D Co N80 B Basanthi A Co Shymal A Sel A Sel B Ravikiran N Rani B Baggi D Sel A Chandhini A Acc A B Centenary A 6 Anmol Neon Gr.64A 8.31 Cindrella A Rennila A 9.02 Vasanthik 12 A a Cal Pink Gr C red Gr. 31 C Gr. 4D Sunny pink Pale pink Terror A Bodego 53 B Red Tornata Gr C Tequila Punch A Saradmala C SwethaSin 8 A gar Sadbhava 187 C na Pinkstar A Anuradha Dundi A Winter 155 B Queen Megami B C Beauty Statesman B Autumn Joy A Redstone B Aparajitha A Jublee A Flirt A Teri Lalpark Dolly 167 Orange Little Pink A Lalith C Yellow 14 B charm Mother 155 B Teresa Jaya A Lilyput B Swapna A Bc- 47- N CD (P=0.05) Table 2: ing parameters of chrysanthemum genotypes The mean maximum numb s was registered in Indira (224.0) followed by Aparajitha (218.0) and Meera White (213.3) and the mean minimum was recorded in Arka Ravi (29.0). Centenary (7.53 g), followed by Ravikiran (5.95 g) recorded the highest value for individual weight whereas the lowest individual weight of 0.43 g was registered in Mother Teresa, which was on par with Meera White (0.47 g). Among the genotypes, highest yield of g was recorded in Indira and was on par with genotype Aparajitha (712.8 g). While, the lowest yield Page 102

4 (19.9 g) was registered in Mother Teresa. Table 3. The increased yield might be due to increased size, weight and numb branches. Genotypes of s of s plot Individual weight (g) yield (g) yield plot (kg) Meera White Red Gold Arka Ravi Indira Shanthi Co Basanthi Co Shymal Sel Sel Ravikiran Rani Baggi Sel Chandhini Acc Centenary Anmol Neon Cindrella Rennila Vasanthika Cal Pink red Sunny pink Terror Bodego Red Tornata Tequila Punch Saradmala SwethaSingar Sadbhavana Pinkstar Anuradha Dundi Winter Queen Megami Beauty Statesman Autumn Joy Redstone Aparajitha Jublee Flirt Teri Lalpark Dolly Orange Little Pink Lalit Yellow charm Mother Teresa Jaya Lilyput Swapna Bc CD (P=0.05) Table 3: Yield parameters of chrysanthemum genotypes Based on the se formance, Indira and Chandhini were identified to be suior in respect of yield and duration, which are suitable for loose production. The promising genotypes suitable for cut production are Centenary, Ravikiran and Lalith. The genotypes which are suitable for garden display as pot mums are Meera White, Red Stone, Acc.116, Dolly Orange, Lalpark and Little Pink with respect to their height, size, colour and profuse ing. REFERENCES [1] Balaji, S., Kulkarni and Reddy B.S. (2004). Vegetative growth, yield and quality of different chrysanthemum cultivars. J. Ornamental Hort., 7(3-4), [2] Banerji, B.K., Dwivedi A.K. and Atul Batra. (2011). Morphological characterization of Annual chrysanthemum. Floriculture Today, [3] Banerji, B.K., Dwivedi A.K. and Atul Batra. (2012). Morphological and Biochemical characterization of chrysanthemum. J. Hort. Sci., 7(1), [4] Behara, T.S.,. Sirohi P.S and Anand Pal. (2002). Assesment of chrysanthemum germplasm for commercial cultivation under Delhi Condition. J. Ornamental Hort., 5(2), [5] Bhattacharjee, S.K.(1981). Studies on formance of different varieties of Gerbera jamesonii hybrid under Bangalore condition. The Lalbaugh, 26, [6] Biradur, M.S. and Khan. M.M. (1996). Performance of exotic gerbera varieties under low cost plastic greenhouse. The Lalbaugh, 41(3&4), [7] Dhiman, M. R. (2003). Assessment of chrysanthemum germplasm for commercial cultivation under Kullu Valley condition. J. ornamental Hort., 6(4), [8] Dilta, B.S., Sharma.Y.D. and Verma. V.K.( 2005). Evaluation of chrysanthemum cultivars under subtropical region of Himachal Pradesh. J. Ornamental Hort., 8(2), [9] Kanamadi, V.C. and Patil. A. A. (1993). Performance of chrysanthemum varieties in the transitional tract of Karnataka. South Indian Hort., 41 (1), [10] Raghava, S.P.S., Negi. S.S. and Nanchariah.D. (1992). Genetic variability, correlation and path analysis in chrysanthemum. Indian J. Hort., 49, [11] Shankar, V. and Tewari. G.N. (1993). Evaluation of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) cultivars with special reference to their morphological characters. Bioved, 4(1), [12] Sharova, N. L., Yu G Rybak and Marins.W.E..(1977). Development of gladiolus under the influence of micronutrients. Refractivnyi Zhurnal. 6(55), [13] Singh, K.P. and Ramachandran N.(2002). Comparison of greenhouse having natural ventilation and fan and pad evaporate cooling systems for gerbera production. J. Ornamental Hort., 5(2), Page 103

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