WATER PHYTOSANITORY RISK MANAGEMENT IN SOILLESS CROPS
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1 WATER PHYTOSANITORY RISK MANAGEMENT IN SOILLESS CROPS Marie Chave 1, Christine Poncet 2 1 INRA-ASTRO, Quartier Petit Morne, BP 214, Le Lamentin cedex 2 (Martinique) 2 INRA- URIH, 400 route des Chappes, BP 167, Sophia Antipolis Cedex (France) CFCS, July 2010
2 Optimisation of nutritional and environmental conditions for plant growth Pests and pathogens Plants Water Fertilisers Substrate Pesticides Air INPUTS Greenhouse structure Energy Workers PROCESS Climate management Fertilisation management Plants management OUTPUTS Products Pesticides Fertilisers Pests and pathogens
3 HIGH COST: economical but also social and environmental Plants Water Fertilisers Substrate Pesticides Air INPUTS Greenhouse structure Energy Workers PROCESS Climate management Fertilisation management Plants management Products OUTPUTS Fertilisers Pests & pathogens Pesticides
4 Recycling drainage water Plants Water Fertilisers Substrate Pesticides Air INPUTS PROCESS Fertilisation management Products OUTPUTS Fertilisers Pathogens
5 Recycling drainage water Water Fertilisers INPUTS PROCESS OUTPUTS Products Fertilisers Pathogens
6 Pathogens well adapted to dissemination via water such as fungi, bacteria Phytophthora sp. Fusarium sp. Agrobacterium tumefaciens
7 Determining pathogens density to assess phytosanitory risk for cultures is: too expensive not reliable for routine diagnostic Prophylactic methods for: Workers, plants, structure, substrate water disinfection
8 Irrigation water Fertirrigation system Soilless culture System on substrate Drainage recuperation Solution to reuse
9 Choice of a disinfection method Depends on: irrigation water sanitary quality, volume to be treated, physico-chemical properties of the solution, cost of investment and functioning
10 Biological: partial disinfection: ex: slow sand filtration Chemical : action on nutrients ex: ozone, gazeous chlorine treatments Physical : efficiency depends on water quality ex: thermodisinfection, UV treatment
11 All these methods acts on water What about roots where pathogens interact with plants?
12 Objective What is the influence of nutrient solution physico-chemical management on bacterial communities dynamics? INRA- URIH (Research Unit on Integrated Horticulture)
13 M & M in a highly manageable hydroponic system: Nutrient Film Technique
14 » Bacterial communities adhering to roots were subjected to physico- chemical cal regulations Assessment of rhizoplane microbial communities dynamics by molecular method: PCR- SSCP fingerprinting
15 PARTIAL RESULTS Although EC and temperature variations, ph represent a strong stabilisation factor for roots microbial communities J+8 J+15 J+25. Chave & al, 2008, Crop protection
16 DISCUSSION Regulation of the physicochemical environment of roots contribute to manage rhizophere communities enhencement of rhizosphere communities robustness could be a way to exclude soilborne pathogens
17 Conclusions- Perspectives Protected agriculture process (climate, fertirrigation management, ) increase productivity and can also be tools to manage pests and pathogens. Protected agriculture can be developped in a sustainable way integrating: economic but also social and environmental issues
18
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