Nutrient Management of Berry Crops

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Nutrient Management of Berry Crops"

Transcription

1 Nutrient Management of Berry Crops Bernadine C. Strik Extension Berry Crops Professor Department of Horticulture Nutrient management guides available 1

2 Good nutritional programs do not compensate for poor management Choose a good site Choose good soil drainage (or improve) Eliminate perennial weeds (hard to manage and will compete) Consider any issues related to prior crops on site including any cover crops Prune plants well Manage weeds, diseases, and insects Irrigate plantings properly All affect plant nutrition Key questions related to nutrient management How much nutrient should be applied? When is the best time to apply the nutrient? What source of nutrient or what material is best to apply? What method of application is best? 2

3 Morphology of Raspberry & Blackberry Primocane: first year cane, often vegetative Floricane: second year cane, always flowering/fruiting; Canes are biennial (cane or cane portion dies after fruiting) Roots and crown (base of plant) are perennial Primocane Growing season May fruit at tip in Primocane-fruiting types Primocanes grow winter Floricane Produces fruiting laterals in spring Floricanes die Fruiting Raspberry Fruiting Lateral Floricanes Primocanes Early Spring 3

4 Blackberry Fruiting Lateral Marion during harvest Canes are biennial as in raspberry and die after fruiting Primocanes First year Always vegetative Floricanes Second year Always fruiting Floricanes at budbreak Pre-Plant Soil Testing Adjust soil nutrients, prior to planting if required Obtain representative soil sample of field take down to tillage depth Test well in advance of planting Adjust soil nutrients based on test results 4

5 Critical levels for soil nutrient content Nutrient Unit Blueberry Caneberry Strawberry ph (2:1; in water) target: 4.5 to to to 6.5 Deficient at less than: Phosphorus (P; Bray) ppm 25 to to Phosphorus (Olsen) ppm 10 to to Potassium (K) ppm 100 to to to 175 Calcium (Ca) ppm Magnesium (Mg) ppm Manganese (Mn) ppm 20 to to to 60 Boron (B) ppm 0.5 to to EC ds/m Soil ph affects nutrient availability blueberry Strawberry caneberry Optimum ph 5

6 Plant into soil with a ph in desired range Plants are adapted to taking up nutrients when soil ph is within specified range Problems occur when soil ph is outside this range (e.g. high soil ph issues in blueberry) Soil ph too high; lime induced iron deficiency in blueberry Keep soil ph in desired range Fertilization lowers soil ph (every 100 lb N/acre/year drops soil ph 0.1 unit) If ph drops below recommended level then nutrient problems can occur It is very difficult to significantly raise soil ph (with lime) after planting Soil ph too low in blueberry Aluminum toxicity 6

7 Soil testing in established longlived plantings Collect samples every 2 to 3 years unless correcting a problem Sample at the same time of year, but not in spring (right after fertilization) Sample to a depth of 1.5 to 2 ft in the row for caneberry & blueberry (remove mulch in blueberry) Keep records Key questions related to nutrient management How much nutrient should be applied? When is the best time to apply the nutrient? What source of nutrient or what material is best to apply? What method of application is best? 7

8 Once soil fertility ideal for crop, start with recommended fertilizer application rates in guides (e.g. Nitrogen rates) Crop Planting year (lb N/acre) Mature (lb N/acre) June-bearing strawberry Day-neutral strawberry (continual cropping in summer/fall) Floricane-fruiting blackberry & raspberry Primocane-fruiting raspberry & blackberry Blueberry 0.8 oz/plant N rate increases as planting ages from year 5 to 8+ Adjust Nutrient Programs with Tissue Testing in Perennial Fruit Crops & Observations of Growth Tissue to sample Collect 50 of the most recent fully-expanded leaves ~ 12 inches from tip of primocane in caneberries (1 leaf per cane); shoots below fruiting area in blueberry Tissue sampling in blueberry Sample cultivars separately as tissue nutrient concentrations differ Time of sampling important Tissue sampling in caneberry Sample problem plants separately from control plants (Hughes et al., 1979) 8

9 Time of Sampling Tissue sampling should be done when leaf nutrient concentrations are most stable in late-july to early-august (shaded area) Data from Bryla and Strik Time of Sampling Crop Sample time Tissue to sample Comments June-bearing strawberry After renovation (~ mid- to late-aug.) Most recent fully-expanded leaves Soil sampling best for short-term field plantings Floricane-fruiting blackberry late-july to early-august & raspberry Primocane leaves approx. 1 ft from tip Standards are based on Marion and Meeker Primocane-fruiting raspberry late-july (rasp) Most recent fully expanded primocane Standards for primocane raspberry need modifying & blackberry from bloom - early red fruit (blackberry) leaf Standards are being developed Blueberry late-july to early-august Most recent fully-expanded leaves Avoid whips (sample from laterals) Standards developed from Bluecrop 9

10 Sampling to diagnose causes of leaf symptoms Sample leaves from problem plants & normal looking plants and compare results at any time of year Cultivar Differences (e.g. blackberry) Primocane leaves, grower site (late July); all fertilized same (Fernandez, Strik, Bryla, in progress) 10

11 Leaf nutrient sufficiency levels Late July-early Aug Nutrient Blueberry Caneberry Strawberry Nitrogen (%N) 1.76 to to to 3.0 Phosphorus (%P) 0.11 to to to 0.3 Potassium (%K) 0.41 to to to 2.0 Calcium (%Ca) 0.41 to to to 2.0 Magnesium (%Mg) 0.13 to to to 0.5 Sulfur (%S) 0.11 to to to 0.4 Manganese (ppm Mn) 30 to to to 650 Boron (ppm B) 30 to to to 45 Iron (ppm Fe) 60 to to to 200 Zinc (ppm Zn) 8 to to to 50 Copper (ppm Cu) 5 to 15 6 to 20 6 to 20 If tissue nutrients outside range fertilization may be needed Key questions related to nutrient management How much nutrient should be applied? When is the best time to apply the nutrient? What source of nutrient or what material is best to apply? What method of application is best? 11

12 Best time to apply fertilizer Varies with: Berry crop grown Fertilizer nutrient being applied Fertilizer source being used & application method In general, apply nutrients that are relatively immobile in soil (P, K, Mg, Ca) in fall or late winter as granular products Apply needed micronutrients as foliar products to target tissue Apply N fertilizer based on research of N uptake in berry crops Avoid late fertilization with N in many berry crops Nitrogen N deficient blueberry Mobile in plant and soil N sufficient raspberry N is present in many essential compounds Deficiency: general chlorosis in older leaves; poor growth Excess: increased vigor, may decrease yield & quality N deficient Manage N fertility by monitoring leaf N concentration and plant growth; base initial rates on recommendations & known plant gains & losses 12

13 Increase Possible Negative Effects of Above-ideal Nitrogen Fertilization N and K fertilizer effects, Thornless Evergreen (Nelson & Martin, 1986) Berry N and K Yield wt. Brix N sufficient Firmness raspberry (lb/a) (tons/a) (g) (%) (N) N deficient a 3.2 a 13.4 a 3.98 a b 3.5 b 12.4 b 4.06 b c 3.3 a 12.9 c 3.82 a In Arapaho blackberry, N rate had no effect on yield or berry weight (Naraguma & Clark, 1998) Effect of increasing N fertilization on yield Powerpoint Templates and quality of blueberry (schematic) FBI Berry weight Yield Increasing N rate Source: Oscar Vargas, Page OSU 26 13

14 New plantings - Nitrogen Apply recommended rates Dole out fertilizer in small amounts as plants have small, shallow root systems Strawberries 14

15 Fertilization: Recommend 50 lb N/acre at renovation for June-bearers Renovation = after-harvest planting renewal Only in June-bearing strawberry, includes: mowing, fertilizing, irrigating, and matted row and weed management June-bearing field right after harvest 15

16 Renovation Mow ~ 2 weeks post-harvest Fertilize Irrigate Plants form flower buds for next year s crop June-bearing Strawberry Do not fertilize with N in the spring Spring N promotes leaf growth & does not increase yield Greater leaf growth often leads to more fruit rot 16

17 Fertilization in day-neutral strawberry: These are not renovated. Dole required N out over fruiting season.with drip irrigation under plastic would need to fertigate Albion hill system, Oregon Unique Nutrient Characteristics of Perennial Fruit Crops N, P, K, Mg and Mn are retained as reserves in dormant tissues (buds, wood & roots) for remobilization in spring Nutrients are recycled into the soil as dropped flowers & fruit, leaf fall & prunings 17

18 Fertilization in blackberry N taken up into floricanes & primocanes N taken up into crown N taken up into fruit & primocanes May Apr Jun ~ 30% of stored N remobilized for floricane growth N removed in fruit Jul N stored in floricane & primocane leaves Internal N cycling Aug N reallocated from floricane to primocane Sept Oct N withdrawn from primocane leaves N uptake into primocanes, crown, roots Nov N removed in floricane prunings (some recovery) Mar Data from Mohadjer, Strik, Righetti (2001) Slide format adapted from D. Neilsen Feb N stored in primocanes crown & roots Jan Dec N lost during leaf senescence (some recovery) 46 lb/a N removed 18

19 Primocane growth: 16 lb N/a 22 lb N/a Fruit production: 17 lb N/a 15 lb N/a Caning out (Aug.): 27 lb N/a 36 lb N/a From: Harkins, Strik, Bryla (2013) Black Diamond Marion Fertilization with N in trailing blackberry Apply granular N in split portions: half in early April rest in mid-june If fertigating, it s more difficult to get adequate N on when don t need to irrigate (suggest using granular application first) Marion in early April 19

20 Summer-bearing raspberry Growth/physiology similar to blackberry Fertilize with N in ~ late March/early April through June. Split applications Summer-bearing black raspberry Growth/physiology similar to red raspberry. Fertilize with N in ~ late March/early April through June. Split applications 20

21 Blueberry N fertilization Start at early bloom finish in late June/early July Enough N stored in plant & new N & good pruning for fruit production & early growth 21

22 Need N for post-harvest growth for next year s crop Use pruning and N fertilization to get good growth but not late growth Floral buds Vegetative buds Fruit buds set at tip of current season s growth as growth slows in late summer (short days and cool nights) 22

23 Late growth (and reduced fruit bud set) due to late fertilization with N Bluejay Sept. 29 Liberty Good bud set Liberty Some bud set then late growth from late N application 23

24 Late growth is susceptible to frost or winter cold damage Winter damage, WA Nitrogen rate recommended in management guide: 100 lb N/acre for mature, un-mulched plantings Younger plantings receive proportionally less Other nutrients based on soil and tissue testing 24

25 Weed mat, Duke, Oregon Impact of sawdust mulch Sawdust immobilizes fertilizer N Add ~ 25 lb N/a when applying 3 inch deep mulch 25

26 Phosphorus Early season P deficiency due to cool soil temp Mobile in plant, but immobile in soil Involved in photosynthesis, other metabolic processes and part of DNA P deficient plants are stunted and often dark green; leaves may have red tinge due to accumulation of anthocyanins Excess P will increase root to shoot ratio Excess P may lead to micro-nutrient deficiencies Incorporate prior to planting, if needed. Surface applications of granular P not available to roots. Can apply through drip. Potassium Mobile in plant, but immobile in soil Activator of many enzymes essential for photosynthesis & respiration, and to form starch and proteins; related to osmotic potential and turgor pressure Tissue levels related to crop load or time of fruiting as K levels in fruit high Adequate levels needed for fruit firmness K deficient plants have older leaves with necrotic lesions High soil K and low leaf %K often related to production problems Incorporate prior to planting, if needed. Apply granular K in the fall (no more than 125 lb/a per application). Can apply through drip. 26

27 Magnesium Blueberry Raspberry, Mg Deficiency Mobile in plant, but immobile in soil Present in chlorophyll molecule, combines with ATP, activator of many enzymes essential for photosynthesis, respiration, and to form DNA Deficient plants have older leaves with inter-veinal necrosis or edges starting red and turning brown Deficiencies more common on sandy soil with low ph or if soil K is high Incorporate prior to planting, if needed. Apply granular Mg in the fall. Can apply through drip. Sulfur S toxicity Moves with water in transpiration stream Required for protein synthesis Deficiency symptoms rare in blueberry due to use of fertilizers with sulfate Toxicity often reflected as salt injury (see photo) Uptake is not sensitive to soil ph Most commonly seen with over application of S in blueberry to lower soil ph 27

28 Boron Very immobile in plant; mobile in soil Required for normal root tip elongation, cell division in shoot tip, normal elongation of pollen tubes in Rubus, B deficiency reduces percent bud break and increases crumbly fruit Toxicity can occur tip burning of shoots & leaf edges Annual applications, without soil or tissue tests not recommended as may reduce yield in raspberry Toxicity, grape Incorporate prior to planting, if needed. Apply granular B in the fall. Foliar applications effective if timed well. Calcium Strawberry Erect blackberry omafra.gov.on.ca Immobile in plant and soil; moves in xylem Required for cell division, to form cell walls, and normal membrane functions; Ca concentrations in cells are usually kept low by plant to prevent formation of salts; many enzymes are inhibited by high Ca in cells Deficiency symptoms in younger leaves; deformed, twisted tissues; low Ca may reduce fruit firmness Low soil moisture & cool, cloudy, humid conditions limit %Ca With drip irrigation, soil Ca may leach over time Incorporate prior to planting, if needed. Apply granular Ca in the fall. Can apply through drip. Foliar Ca? 28

29 Question of the Day Your grandma has osteoporosis? Should you feed her lots of lettuce or lots of apples? Why? Lettuce has 33% more Ca per unit fresh weight than apples 1 cup fresh lettuce has ~ 10 mg Ca 1 cup fresh apple has ~ 7.5 mg Ca Iron (Fe) Immobile in plant and soil Required for chlorophyll formation; forms part of enzymes and proteins Fe is internally precipitated in cells or formed into insoluble compounds Deficiency symptoms in younger leaves; interveinal chlorosis Fe is more available in soil at lower ph & may form insoluble precipitates with excess P Commonly seen in blueberry when grown at above ideal soil ph 29

30 Key questions related to nutrient management How much nutrient should be applied? When is the best time to apply the nutrient? What source of nutrient or what material is best to apply? What method of application is best? Ammonium vs. Nitrate Species adapted to low soil ph Species adapted to medium-high soil ph NH 4 + NO 3-30

31 Fertilizer sources (inorganic) Best N source varies with berry crop For strawberry, raspberry, and blackberry, fertilize with nitrate (NO 3- ) forms of N (e.g. calcium nitrate, [varies]; ammonium nitrate, ; or blends) For blueberry fertilize with the ammonium form of N (NH 4+ ) (e.g. ammonium sulfate, ; urea, ) Avoid fertilizers with chloride (Cl) in blueberry In blueberry use potassium sulfate (K 2 SO 4,0-0-50) In caneberry & strawberry use muriate of potash (KCl, ) or potassium nitrate ( ) if also need N Use Sul-Po-Mag if Mg also needed (0-0-22) Use MAP or DAP mono- or di-ammonium phosphate ( or if need N and P) Maintain soil ph in desired range for the crop Affects rate of nitrification and nutrient availability Fertilizer sources (inorganic) Liquid sources of N available for fertigation systems For strawberry & caneberry use products with nitrate-n source (e.g. UAN a mixture of urea, ammonium nitrate and water, [varies]) For blueberry, products like liquid urea (20-0-0) and N-Phuric acid (urea-sulfuric acid blend, ) are available 31

32 Fertilizer sources (organic) Animal based Use of fresh manures not recommended/omri approved Animal meal products (e.g. blood, bone, feather, poultry litter) Liquid products (e.g. fish emulsion) may be fertigated Composts (plant or animal based) may be used before planting or as a mulch after planting Always test compost prior to use Plant based Liquid distilled products (e.g. corn steep liquor) may be fertigated Alfalfa or soybean meal Various teas, seaweed, humic acids Organic (OMRI approved) fertilizers [examples] Feather meal (13-0-0) Granular, ph 5.7; EC 1.7 ds/m Applied as a split 2x. early-april & mid-may Fish emulsion (4-1-1) Liquid, ph 3.7; EC 20.4 ds/m Applied as a split 7x. mid-april through early-july. Dilute 1:10 Corn/Fish blend ( ) Pelletized Soybean meal (7-1-2) 32

33 Composts test! Douglas fir sawdust Yard debris compost ph: 4.2 C:N ratio: 441 N (%): 0.1 P (ppm): 255 K (ppm): 46 B (ppm): 2.1 Mn (ppm) 61 ph: 7.3 C:N ratio: 21 N (%): 1.1 P (ppm): 2356 K (ppm): 562 B (ppm): 7.8 Mn (ppm) 540 Composts Acidify composts before use in blueberry? Acidification prior to amending in soil improved growth (Costello et al. 2011) Acidified pine sawdust used for production on alkaline soils in Switzerland (Suter et al., 2010) 33

34 Key questions related to nutrient management How much nutrient should be applied? When is the best time to apply the nutrient? What source of nutrient or what material is best to apply? What method of application is best? Apply fertilizer to the root area for efficient uptake Soil surface Soil depth (m) year-old blueberries 0.4 Blueberry is a shallow-rooted crop compared to many perennial fruit crops 0.5 'Duke' 'Bluecrop' 'Elliott' Root length density (cm roots/cm -3 soil) Bryla & Strik (2007) 34

35 Fertilize the in-row area to distribute products where roots are located Where to apply in strawberry Broadcast granular products over entire field area due to close row spacing 35

36 Fertilization in blackberry Apply N as broadcast band in row \ One acre Plant Grass Powerpoint Templates Total fertilizer required/acre is applied as broadcast band Page 72 36

37 Calculating rate of product to apply: You need to apply 80 lb N/acre The granular fertilizer product is The fertilizer product contains 34 % nitrogen The amount of fertilizer to apply per acre = (lbs of fertilizer recommended/acre % nutrient in product) ( 80 lb N/acre 0.34) = 235 lbs of product You are also applying: ( 235 lb product x 0.25) = 59 lbs of P 2 O 5 and K 2 O per acre Calculating how much product per foot of row: The fertilizer product is ( 80 lb N/acre 0.34) = 235 lbs of product/acre The fertilizer should be applied in a broadcast band centered on row with 235 lbs of product/acre plant X X X X X X 10 between rows fertilizer band There are 43,560 ft 2 per acre If rows are spaced 10 ft apart, then there are 4,356 ft of row per acre (43,560/10) If 235 lb of product needs to be applied per acre, then: 235 lb/4,356 ft = lb/ft of row or 5.4 lb of product per 100 ft row Calibrate your spreader accordingly 37

38 Weed mat, Duke, Oregon Soil methods of application Hand apply liquid or granular around young plants drip line Apply through drip irrigation system (fertigate) Apply granular to in-row area on top of soil or organic mulch OR open weed mat and apply granular or liquid products 38

39 ms/cm Soil solution Powerpoint EC Templates measurements in Blueberry Peaks of EC after granular application affect yield and plant growth Soil salinity (EC) - average growing season Fertigation reduces salinity levels due to better nutrient distribution and supply Fertigation (urea) Granular (Amm Sulf) Source: Oscar Vargas, Page OSU 77 Foliar feeding? Foliar applications are often an effective method of correcting micronutrient deficiencies, but are not effective for application of macro-nutrients (e.g. N, P, K) Use foliar applications for micronutrient deficiencies (e.g. B) 39

40 Summary Test and adjust soil prior to planting Start fertilization program based on published recommendations Observe plant growth and any symptoms and test leaf tissue to asses plant nutrient status Summary, continued Don t rely on standards for tissue testing at other times of year Adjust fertilizer program if needed Fertilizer required is affected by plant age, canopy size, yield, time of year Adjust fertilizer source based on berry crop grown and production system Test for soil nutrient status every 2-3 years and adjust if needed 40

41 Native Vaccinium, Lake Scott, Ore. 41

Sunlight. Chlorophyll

Sunlight. Chlorophyll Plant Nutrition & Soil Fertility Richard Smith Vegetable Crop and Weed Science Farm Advisor University of California Cooperative Extension Monterey, Santa Cruz and San Benito Counties Plant Nutrition 1.

More information

Fertilizers and nutrient management for hops. Diane Brown, Michigan State University Extension

Fertilizers and nutrient management for hops. Diane Brown, Michigan State University Extension Fertilizers and nutrient management for hops Diane Brown, Michigan State University Extension Pre plant nutrient management for hops Soil test! Correct major issues before planting ph 6.2 to 6.5 Lime season

More information

Nutrient management for organic berry production Javier Fernandez-Salvador

Nutrient management for organic berry production Javier Fernandez-Salvador Nutrient management for organic berry production Javier Fernandez-Salvador Assistant Professor (Practice) Oregon State University. Small Farms Program OSU Extension Service, Marion County 1320 Capitol

More information

Sandy, low CEC, irrigated soil Acidic ph High ph Cold soils Soil low in P content or available P

Sandy, low CEC, irrigated soil Acidic ph High ph Cold soils Soil low in P content or available P Nutrient Nitrogen (N) Phosphorus (P) Potassium (K) Plant Response to Nutrient Influences color, shoot, shoot density, root, rhizome and stolon, high temperature stress, cold tolerance, drought resistance,

More information

Basics of Blueberry Production

Basics of Blueberry Production Basics of Blueberry Production Dr. Bernadine Strik, Professor of Horticulture Oregon State University Yield increases with planting age and is affected by cultivar and management (1742 plants/acre) 1 kg/plant

More information

Nutrient Management for Tree Fruit. Mary Concklin Visiting Extension Educator Fruit Production and IPM University of Connecticut

Nutrient Management for Tree Fruit. Mary Concklin Visiting Extension Educator Fruit Production and IPM University of Connecticut Nutrient Management for Tree Fruit Mary Concklin Visiting Extension Educator Fruit Production and IPM University of Connecticut Covering: Availability of nutrients What is needed by the trees & its function

More information

Using Liquid Sources of Potassium Fertilizer in Highbush Blueberry. David Bryla USDA-ARS Horticultural Crops Research Unit Corvallis, OR

Using Liquid Sources of Potassium Fertilizer in Highbush Blueberry. David Bryla USDA-ARS Horticultural Crops Research Unit Corvallis, OR Using Liquid Sources of Potassium Fertilizer in Highbush Blueberry David Bryla USDA-ARS Horticultural Crops Research Unit Corvallis, OR Consumer demand Health benefits Availability year-round New global

More information

Pruning Grapes. Establishment pruning Pruning mature vines Goal: to fill the trellis system as quickly as possible.

Pruning Grapes. Establishment pruning Pruning mature vines Goal: to fill the trellis system as quickly as possible. Pruning Grapes Establishment pruning Pruning mature vines Goal: to fill the trellis system as quickly as possible. Pruning Blueberries Goals: Remove older less productive wood Direct growth into new wood

More information

Assessing and Amending Your Garden Soil Craig Cogger, Soil Scientist Emeritus Washington State University Puyallup

Assessing and Amending Your Garden Soil Craig Cogger, Soil Scientist Emeritus Washington State University Puyallup Assessing and Amending Your Garden Soil Craig Cogger, Soil Scientist Emeritus Washington State University Puyallup The soil is the great connector of our lives, the source and destination of all. - Wendell

More information

Nutrient Management of Irrigated Alfalfa and Timothy

Nutrient Management of Irrigated Alfalfa and Timothy Nutrient Management of Irrigated Alfalfa and Timothy Irrigated Crop Production Conf. Lethbridge, AB Jan 19, 2016 Ross H. McKenzie Old Agronomist Lethbridge Introduction Alfalfa and Timothy are excellent

More information

Soil Test Report. HOME GARDEN VEGETABLE GARDEN Analysis Results

Soil Test Report. HOME GARDEN VEGETABLE GARDEN Analysis Results Analysis VEGETABLE GARDEN Analysis Results Result Account Number: 54321 Page: 1 of 6 Soil Test Rating Very Low Low Medium High Very High Organic Matter, % 4.6 Phosphorus, ppm P (Bray-1 Equiv.) 12 Potassium,

More information

Vine Nutrition. A g e n d a 4/10/2017. Soil How to sample Sample submission sheet Lab analysis & results Interpretation

Vine Nutrition. A g e n d a 4/10/2017. Soil How to sample Sample submission sheet Lab analysis & results Interpretation A g e n d a 4/10/2017 Chris Clark, CCA Territory Sales Representative Vine Nutrition a major role in the life of a vineyard! Haily Henderson, CCA NMP/GPS Specialist & Agronomist Soil How to sample Sample

More information

Nutrient Considerations for Olives

Nutrient Considerations for Olives Nutrient Considerations for Olives Joe Connell, Farm Advisor UC Cooperative Extension Butte County Agriculture & Natural Resources University of California Cooperative Extension Olives do well on shallow

More information

Management strategies for fertigation of sweet cherry

Management strategies for fertigation of sweet cherry Management strategies for fertigation of sweet cherry Denise Neilsen and Gerry Neilsen Summerland Research and Development Centre, Summerland, BC, Canada V0H 1Z0 MCAREC Sweet Cherry Symposium, Feb. 4 th,

More information

Turfgrass Fertility. Soil Test Reports. Why Soil Sample? Interpretation & Understanding

Turfgrass Fertility. Soil Test Reports. Why Soil Sample? Interpretation & Understanding Turfgrass Fertility Clint Waltz, Ph.D. Associate Professor The University of Georgia Soil Test Reports Interpretation & Understanding Why Soil Sample? Information Chemical way of estimating the nutrients

More information

How your rose bush makes food

How your rose bush makes food How your rose bush makes food Your rose bush takes in carbon dioxide from the air, water and nutrients from the ground and makes sugars and starches (the source of energy to do that is sunlight and the

More information

Fertilizers. TheBasics. Whats in a Fertilizer? Why use Fertilizer? Nitrogen (N) Nitrogen (N) Its on the Label! Other sources of Nitrogen

Fertilizers. TheBasics. Whats in a Fertilizer? Why use Fertilizer? Nitrogen (N) Nitrogen (N) Its on the Label! Other sources of Nitrogen Why use Fertilizer? Fertilizers TheBasics Expectations Want the Golf Course look. Helps in recovery from stress. Mowing, Heat, and Activities. New Hybrids of grass seed perform better than the older varieties,

More information

Anorganic Fertilizer. Lenny Sri Nopriani, SP.MP

Anorganic Fertilizer. Lenny Sri Nopriani, SP.MP Anorganic Fertilizer Lenny Sri Nopriani, SP.MP Jargon Fertilizer Synthetic Fertilizers can be organic or inorganic Organic: from living material, contains C-C bonds; does not imply organic certification

More information

Soils and Fertilizers. Leo Espinoza Soils Specialist

Soils and Fertilizers. Leo Espinoza Soils Specialist Soils and Fertilizers Leo Espinoza Soils Specialist 2004 What is soil? A collection of organic and inorganic bodies on the earth s surface, modified by the surrounding environment or even made by humans,

More information

Nutrient Management And Nutrient Cycling Raymond C. Ward, President Ward Laboratories, Inc Kearney, NE

Nutrient Management And Nutrient Cycling Raymond C. Ward, President Ward Laboratories, Inc Kearney, NE Nutrient Management And Nutrient Cycling Raymond C. Ward, President Ward Laboratories, Inc Kearney, NE www.rayward@wardlab.com Take Good Soil Samples to Evaluate Soil Fertility Status Take soils samples

More information

Leaf nutrient concentration in blackberry recommended standards and sampling time should differ among blackberry types

Leaf nutrient concentration in blackberry recommended standards and sampling time should differ among blackberry types Leaf nutrient concentration in blackberry recommended standards and sampling time should differ among blackberry types B.C. Strik and A.J. Vance Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, 4017

More information

Unit B: Establishing a Fruit Garden. Lesson 3: Growing and Maintaining Small Fruits

Unit B: Establishing a Fruit Garden. Lesson 3: Growing and Maintaining Small Fruits Unit B: Establishing a Fruit Garden Lesson 3: Growing and Maintaining Small Fruits 1 Terms Heeling-in Arbor P1 soil test K soil test Primocane Floricane Banded fertilizer Broadcast fertilizer Frost protection

More information

PASTURE AND HAY FIELDS: SOIL FUNDAMENTALS. Sanders County April 8, Clain Jones

PASTURE AND HAY FIELDS: SOIL FUNDAMENTALS. Sanders County April 8, Clain Jones PASTURE AND HAY FIELDS: SOIL FUNDAMENTALS Sanders County April 8, 2015 Clain Jones clainj@montana.edu 994-6076 Objectives Present soil properties and how they interact with plant nutrients Illustrate the

More information

Potassium Fertigation In Highbush Blueberry Increases availability of K and other nutrietns in the root zone.

Potassium Fertigation In Highbush Blueberry Increases availability of K and other nutrietns in the root zone. Potassium Fertigation In Highbush Blueberry Increases availability of K and other nutrietns in the root zone. Drs. David Bryla and Scott Orr Official Journal of the Fluid Fertilizer Foundation Vol. 25,

More information

Nutrient Management for Blueberries in Oregon J. Hart, B. Strik, L. White, and W. Yang

Nutrient Management for Blueberries in Oregon J. Hart, B. Strik, L. White, and W. Yang NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT EM 8918 November 2006 $5.00 Nutrient Management for Blueberries in Oregon J. Hart, B. Strik, L. White, and W. Yang Contents Growing condition assumptions...1 Tissue testing...2 Interpreting

More information

Getting the Most out of Your Strawberry Soil Test Report. General Information

Getting the Most out of Your Strawberry Soil Test Report. General Information gardening.cornell.edu Getting the Most out of Your Strawberry Soil Test Report 1. Be certain your soil ph is in the optimal range. 2. Add a nitrogen (N) source at the recommended rate and time. 3. Add

More information

Know Your Soil Getting the Dirt on Your Dirt FWAA. Dr. Steve Petrie Director of Agronomic Services

Know Your Soil Getting the Dirt on Your Dirt FWAA. Dr. Steve Petrie Director of Agronomic Services Know Your Soil Getting the Dirt on Your Dirt FWAA Dr. Steve Petrie Director of Agronomic Services Crop productivity Genetics Soil Temperature Environ ment Crop Yield Moisture Manage ment Take the time

More information

Soil Health and Fertilizer. Pam Brown, Extension Agent Emeritus, Gardening Coach

Soil Health and Fertilizer. Pam Brown, Extension Agent Emeritus, Gardening Coach Soil Health and Fertilizer Pam Brown, Extension Agent Emeritus, Gardening Coach pamperedgardeners@gmail.com www.pamperedgardeners.com What is Soil : Weathered rock, formed from a slow and sequential set

More information

Challenges & Opportunities of Small Fruit Production. Michele Warmund State Fruit Extension Specialist University of Missouri

Challenges & Opportunities of Small Fruit Production. Michele Warmund State Fruit Extension Specialist University of Missouri Challenges & Opportunities of Small Fruit Production Michele Warmund State Fruit Extension Specialist University of Missouri warmundm@missouri.edu Potential Crops raspberries blackberries strawberries

More information

Developing Fertilizer Programs for Fruit Crops Utilizing Soil and Tissue Analysis Soil analysis

Developing Fertilizer Programs for Fruit Crops Utilizing Soil and Tissue Analysis Soil analysis Developing Fertilizer Programs for Fruit Crops Utilizing Soil and Tissue Analysis Mary Concklin, Visiting Extension Educator Fruit Production and IPM University of Connecticut Fertilizer decisions for

More information

Workgroup. UCD Alfalfa. Utilizing Plant Tissue Testing & Application Methods to Maximize Fertilizer Efficiency

Workgroup. UCD Alfalfa. Utilizing Plant Tissue Testing & Application Methods to Maximize Fertilizer Efficiency Utilizing Plant Tissue Testing & Application Methods to Maximize Fertilizer Efficiency Steve Orloff, Dan Putnam, and Rob Wilson UC Cooperative Extension Support from DANR Laboratory and International Plant

More information

Small Fruits in Georgia. Grapes. Grapes. Grape Strawberry Blueberry Brambles Misc

Small Fruits in Georgia. Grapes. Grapes. Grape Strawberry Blueberry Brambles Misc Small Fruits in Georgia Grape Strawberry Blueberry Brambles Misc Grapes European or wine grape Vitis vinifera American or Concord grape V. labrusca Muscadine grape V. rotundifolia Training and pruning:

More information

Composting for Blueberry Production Progress Report 2009/2010 Blueberry Field Day - July 14th, 2010 Author:

Composting for Blueberry Production Progress Report 2009/2010 Blueberry Field Day - July 14th, 2010 Author: Composting for Blueberry Production Progress Report 2009/2010 Blueberry Field Day - July 14 th, 2010 Author: Ryan Costello, graduate student in Crop and Soil Sciences and Horticulture, OSU, Corvallis,

More information

Caneberries J. Hart, B. Strik, and H. Rempel

Caneberries J. Hart, B. Strik, and H. Rempel NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT Caneberries J. Hart, B. Strik, and H. Rempel EM 8903-E January 2006 Several types of caneberries are produced commercially in Oregon, including summer-bearing and primocanefruiting

More information

Soil. Acidic soils... 1/19/2014

Soil. Acidic soils... 1/19/2014 Soil Chapter 8 Acidic Soils & Salt Affected Soils Pages 229 262 About 2.5 billion acres of mostly cultivated lands are affected by soil salinity Treating ph problems is less difficult than managing and

More information

Tobacco Fertilization. Andy Bailey

Tobacco Fertilization. Andy Bailey Tobacco Fertilization Andy Bailey Plant nutrition 16 Essential Elements Non-mineral: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen Macronutrients: Nitrogen, Potassium, Phosporous Needed in large amounts Deficiency common Secondary:

More information

Comparison Blackberry Production Under High Tunnels and Field Conditions. High Tunnels

Comparison Blackberry Production Under High Tunnels and Field Conditions. High Tunnels Comparison Blackberry Production Under High Tunnels and Field Conditions Dr. Elena Garcia Professor Dept. of Horticulture University of Arkansas High Tunnels What are high tunnels? High tunnels are passively

More information

Fertilizer 101. A guide to better sales. Know what you sell!

Fertilizer 101. A guide to better sales. Know what you sell! Fertilizer 101 A guide to better sales. Know what you sell! Fertilizer Nutrient Sources Nutrient Benefits Fertilizer Ratios The Challenge Fertilizer Label Basic Calculations Selling Fertilizers What is

More information

High Tunnel Primocane Fruiting Blackberry Production in Cold Region of Midwest*

High Tunnel Primocane Fruiting Blackberry Production in Cold Region of Midwest* High Tunnel Primocane Fruiting Blackberry Production in Cold Region of Midwest* Shengrui Yao, Department of Horticulture, North Central Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Grand Rapids,

More information

Pecan Production 101: Fertility and Water Use. Lenny Wells University of Georgia

Pecan Production 101: Fertility and Water Use. Lenny Wells University of Georgia Pecan Production 101: Fertility and Water Use Lenny Wells University of Georgia Leaf Tissue Results Desired Range Mean % Low % High Sample Range Leaf N 2.5-3.3% 2.77% 3 0 2.58-3.09 Leaf P 0.12-0.3% 0.14%

More information

Soil is the Key (Chapter 3)

Soil is the Key (Chapter 3) Soil is the Key (Chapter 3) Soils 101 Soil profile Soil sources, texture, chemistry, physical properties Soil Amendments Identifying your soil Soil Testing Fertilizers Soil Profile Vertical distribution

More information

Developing and Implementing a Fertilizer Program. Marc van Iersel. mixed with substrate components before planting

Developing and Implementing a Fertilizer Program. Marc van Iersel. mixed with substrate components before planting Developing and Implementing a Fertilizer Program Marc van Iersel Supplying nutrients Pre-plant mixed with substrate components before planting Post-plant applied to substrate with the irrigation water

More information

General concept of fertilizer efficiency

General concept of fertilizer efficiency 6 Fertilizer management General concept of fertilizer efficiency The Law of the Minimum Nutrient means that in citrus trees, as in other crops, the growth of the plant is limited by the nutrient element

More information

Class 3: Soil Sampling and Testing. Chris Thoreau

Class 3: Soil Sampling and Testing. Chris Thoreau Class 3: Soil Sampling and Testing Chris Thoreau What is Soil Testing? What are We Testing For? Soil Sampling Methodologies Soil Testing Interpreting Soil Test Results What is Soil Testing? Soil testing

More information

Trees, your other Plants: Fertilizer Application

Trees, your other Plants: Fertilizer Application Trees, your other Plants: Fertilizer Application Bert T. Swanson,Swanson s Nursery Consulting,Inc., Carl Rosen, University of Minnesota and Ed Plaster, Dakota Technical College Trees in urban and suburban

More information

Basics of Plant Growth in Greenhouses: Temperature, Light, Moisture, Growing Media, etc.

Basics of Plant Growth in Greenhouses: Temperature, Light, Moisture, Growing Media, etc. Basics of Plant Growth in Greenhouses: Temperature, Light, Moisture, Growing Media, etc www.tinyfarmblog.com The law of limiting factors Too much or too little of any one factor can limit the growth of

More information

Jim Hancock, Horticulture Dept., MSU. Bill Wolfram, Toro Micro Irrigation. 3:00 p.m. Efficient and Effective Blueberry Fertilization Programs

Jim Hancock, Horticulture Dept., MSU. Bill Wolfram, Toro Micro Irrigation. 3:00 p.m. Efficient and Effective Blueberry Fertilization Programs Great Lakes Fruit, Vegetable & Farm Market EXPO December 4-6, 2007 DeVo Place Convention Center, Grand Rapids, MI Blueberry II Tuesday afternoon 2:00 pm Where: Gallery Overlook (upper level) Room A-B Recertification

More information

Using Fertilizers: Feeding plants. Lydia Clayton UAF Cooperative Extension Service Kenai Peninsula District

Using Fertilizers: Feeding plants. Lydia Clayton UAF Cooperative Extension Service Kenai Peninsula District Using Fertilizers: Feeding plants Lydia Clayton UAF Cooperative Extension Service Kenai Peninsula District What to know before you grow? Proper fertilization is essential for: Disease control Weed control

More information

Soil & Fertilizer. Pam Brown, Extension Agent Emeritus, Gardening Coach

Soil & Fertilizer. Pam Brown, Extension Agent Emeritus, Gardening Coach Soil & Fertilizer Pam Brown, Extension Agent Emeritus, Gardening Coach pamperedgardeners@gmail.com www.pamperedgardeners.com What do Plants Need? Temperature Water Nutrients Air Soil Soil Amendments Fertilizer

More information

Crop Management Practices. By Simon Bedasie

Crop Management Practices. By Simon Bedasie Crop Management Practices Fertigation By Simon Bedasie Observations of a Visiting Consultant Water and fertilizer management looked like bucket chemistry. Very basic techniques for water and fertilizer

More information

Soil test recommendations

Soil test recommendations Continuedbelow extractants have been developed, each with their own unique advantages and disadvantages (i.e. Bray, Olsen, Mehlich III, Morgan, Modified Morgan, Sodium bicarbonate); no extractant is perfect.

More information

Plant Nutrition & Fertilizers WMAMG 1/31/17

Plant Nutrition & Fertilizers WMAMG 1/31/17 Plant Nutrition & Fertilizers WMAMG 1/31/17 By Dawn Pettinelli UConn Soil Nutrient Analysis Lab dawn.pettinelli@uconn.edu SOIL-PLANT SYSTEM From: Extension.org Relationships between plants & soils evolved

More information

G A Gardener's Guide for Soil and Nutrient Management in Growing Vegetables

G A Gardener's Guide for Soil and Nutrient Management in Growing Vegetables University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Historical Materials from University of Nebraska- Lincoln Extension Extension 1990 G90-945 A Gardener's Guide for Soil and

More information

Soils and Fertilizers

Soils and Fertilizers Soils and Fertilizers A Answers to review questions 1. Explain why good soil structure is important to gardeners. Permeability (p. 38-41).. Water-holding capacity (p. 40) Drainage (p. 40) Root penetration

More information

Fertility Management of Cotton

Fertility Management of Cotton 1 of 6 6/14/2010 11:36 AM University of Missouri Extension G4256, New March 1993 Fertility Management of Cotton David W. Albers State Extension Specialist-Cotton Delta Center Steve Hefner Research Associate

More information

Primocane-fruiting Blackberry Cane Management

Primocane-fruiting Blackberry Cane Management Primocane-fruiting Blackberry Cane Management Dr. Bernadine Strik, Professor of Horticulture Oregon State 2004 1 Un-tipped Tipped at 3 ft. Petiole Soft tip-site (3 ft) Removing 2 to 4 inches Leaf Petiole

More information

Summer Tipping, Fruit Disorders and Irrigation. Amanda McWhirt Horticulture Production- Extension Specialist. Osage: June 8; June 26

Summer Tipping, Fruit Disorders and Irrigation. Amanda McWhirt Horticulture Production- Extension Specialist. Osage: June 8; June 26 Summer Tipping, Fruit Disorders and Irrigation Amanda McWhirt Horticulture Production- Extension Specialist Lifecycle Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Photo Gina Fernandez Photo Gina

More information

NITROGEN MANAGEMENT IN BLUEBERRIES

NITROGEN MANAGEMENT IN BLUEBERRIES NITROGEN MANAGEMENT IN BLUEBERRIES David R. Bryla and Oscar Vargas USDA-ARS Horticultural Crops Research Unit, Corvallis, OR; Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon ABSTRACT

More information

NUTRITION MANAGEMENT FOR PRODUCING BOGS 2005

NUTRITION MANAGEMENT FOR PRODUCING BOGS 2005 NUTRITION MANAGEMENT FOR PRODUCING BOGS 2005 Prepared by Carolyn J. DeMoranville APPEARANCE Nutrition 33 Decisions regarding nitrogen dose for a cranberry bog should be based in part on the length and

More information

Definitions in Handbook

Definitions in Handbook HORT325: Soils & Fertilizers Soil Composition Soil Texture/Structure & Water Capacity Soil ph & Nutrient Availability Fertilizers Soil Testing Definitions in Handbook Soil Structure Soil Porosity Pore

More information

8. Fertility Management

8. Fertility Management 8. Fertility Management Prepared by: Kristin Hicks, Ph.D., Plant, Waste, Solution, and Media Analysis Section chief Aaron Pettit, Plant, Waste, Solution, and Media Analysis Section agronomist Michelle

More information

Title: Lecture 16 Soil Water and Nutrients Speaker: Teresa Koenig Created by: Teresa Koenig, Kim Kidwell. online.wsu.edu

Title: Lecture 16 Soil Water and Nutrients Speaker: Teresa Koenig Created by: Teresa Koenig, Kim Kidwell. online.wsu.edu Title: Lecture 16 Soil Water and Nutrients Speaker: Teresa Koenig Created by: Teresa Koenig, Kim Kidwell online.wsu.edu Photos courtesy of Rich Koenig Photos courtesy of USDA NRCS Soil Water and Nutrients

More information

FOLIAR FEEDING and SAR for CITRUS TREES. Mongi Zekri and Gary England University of Florida, IFAS

FOLIAR FEEDING and SAR for CITRUS TREES. Mongi Zekri and Gary England University of Florida, IFAS FOLIAR FEEDING and SAR for CITRUS TREES Mongi Zekri and Gary England University of Florida, IFAS Management practices to improve fertilizer efficiency Evaluation of leaf analysis data Adjustment of rates

More information

Soils and Fertilizer

Soils and Fertilizer Soils and Fertilizer Objectives Discuss soil components, texture, chemistry Consider relationships between soil, water, plants and air Steps to prevent soil compaction and salt accumulation Identify common

More information

Irrigation and Fertilization. Mary M. Peet North Carolina State University

Irrigation and Fertilization. Mary M. Peet North Carolina State University Irrigation and Fertilization Mary M. Peet North Carolina State University Topics Irrigation Fertilization Transplanting Pruning & Training Pollination Harvest Containers Packing lines Irrigation and Fertilization

More information

#3: Fertilize Appropriately

#3: Fertilize Appropriately #3: Fertilize Appropriately PREVENT POLLUTION AND MAXIMIZE PLANT HEALTH All plants need nutrients for growth. They must obtain these nutrients from the soil or other medium in which they re growing. Gardeners

More information

Juneberry Currants Gooseberry. Strawberry Raspberry Blueberry Cranberry Lingonberry. Well drained loamy soils High organic matter

Juneberry Currants Gooseberry. Strawberry Raspberry Blueberry Cranberry Lingonberry. Well drained loamy soils High organic matter Small Fruit Production Teryl R. Roper Dept. of Horticulture University of Wisconsin-Madison Small Fruits for Wisconsin Strawberry Raspberry Blueberry Cranberry Lingonberry Juneberry Currants Gooseberry

More information

Bernadine Strik, Professor, Oregon State University 1

Bernadine Strik, Professor, Oregon State University 1 Raspberries for the Home Garden Dr. Bernadine Strik, Professor of Horticulture Extension Berry Crops Specialist Oregon State University http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/ Aggregate fruit of many

More information

IRRIGATION AND NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN TREE FRUIT PRODUCTION SYSTEMS.

IRRIGATION AND NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN TREE FRUIT PRODUCTION SYSTEMS. IRRIGATION AND NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN TREE FRUIT PRODUCTION SYSTEMS Neilsen, D 1, Neilsen, G 1, Forge T 1 denise.neilsen@agr.gc.ca 1 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, B.C. Canada KEYWORDS Irrigation

More information

Arnold Schumann, Kevin Hostler, Laura Waldo, Wije Bandaranayake (UF/IFAS, CREC) 2015 Fluid Forum February 17, 2015 Scottsdale, AZ

Arnold Schumann, Kevin Hostler, Laura Waldo, Wije Bandaranayake (UF/IFAS, CREC) 2015 Fluid Forum February 17, 2015 Scottsdale, AZ Advanced Production Systems for Florida Citrus and Blueberry Crops Arnold Schumann, Kevin Hostler, Laura Waldo, Wije Bandaranayake (UF/IFAS, CREC) 2015 Fluid Forum February 17, 2015 Scottsdale, AZ Introduction

More information

BRAMBLES RASPBERRIES, BLACKBERRIES, & TISSUE CULTURE PLANTS

BRAMBLES RASPBERRIES, BLACKBERRIES, & TISSUE CULTURE PLANTS AT-A-GLANCE ph: 6.5-6.8 In-row spacing: 18-24 Red & yellow raspberries 20-24 Black raspberries 3-4 Blackberries Between rows: 8-12 depending on machinery ATTENTION! Avoid planting brambles in soils where

More information

WOODY AND TURF MANAGEMENT Lesson 14: FERTILIZERS

WOODY AND TURF MANAGEMENT Lesson 14: FERTILIZERS WOODY AND TURF MANAGEMENT Lesson 14: FERTILIZERS Segment One Assessing Plant Health and Soil A fertilizer is defined as a substance used to make the soil or growing medium more fertile. Frequently, the

More information

General Training. A Healthy Foundation for Plant Growth. Physical. 700 different soils in Wisconsin. Chemical. Biological

General Training. A Healthy Foundation for Plant Growth. Physical. 700 different soils in Wisconsin. Chemical. Biological Healthy Soil = Healthy Plants General Training Take care of your soil and with a little help from you it will take care of your plants. A Healthy Foundation for Plant Growth Your Soil Soil is Complex 700

More information

Table 4. Nutrient uptake and removal by sunflower in Manitoba studies. Nutrient Uptake Removal Uptake Removal

Table 4. Nutrient uptake and removal by sunflower in Manitoba studies. Nutrient Uptake Removal Uptake Removal SUNFLOWER FERTILITY Ensuring the fertility needs of the crop are met is critical to maximize yield and profit. Fertilizer applications should be made based on a soil test, to prevent improper application

More information

Blackberries are easy to grow but need management

Blackberries are easy to grow but need management 1 Eric T. Stafne, Ph.D. Assistant Extension Professor and Fruit Specialist Mississippi State University Raspberries are not heat tolerant Blackberries are easy to grow but need management Insect pests

More information

New Planting. A&L Canada Laboratories Small Fruit News Letter Vol. 3 April 17, application should be at a 90 o direction to the row direction.

New Planting. A&L Canada Laboratories Small Fruit News Letter Vol. 3 April 17, application should be at a 90 o direction to the row direction. A&L Canada Laboratories Small Fruit News Letter Vol. 3 April 17, 2000 application should be at a 90 o direction to the row direction. New Planting Preparing a field for a new planting takes time and should

More information

Understanding Fertilizers

Understanding Fertilizers Fertilizing the Vegetable Garden Diane Relf, Extension Specialists, Horticulture, Virginia Tech Alan McDaniel, Horticulture, Virginia Tech Steve Donohue, Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia

More information

Potassium Fertigation and Organic Acids Improving soil and plant nutrition in highbush blueberry.

Potassium Fertigation and Organic Acids Improving soil and plant nutrition in highbush blueberry. Potassium Fertigation and Organic Acids Improving soil and plant nutrition in highbush blueberry. Dr. David Bryla, Scott Orr, David Leon Official Journal of the Fluid Fertilizer Foundation Summer 08 Vol.

More information

NUTRITION MANAGEMENT FOR PRODUCING BOGS 2007

NUTRITION MANAGEMENT FOR PRODUCING BOGS 2007 Nutrition 37 NUTRITION MANAGEMENT FOR PRODUCING BOGS 2007 Prepared by Carolyn J. DeMoranville APPEARANCE Decisions regarding nitrogen dose for a cranberry bog should be based in part on the length and

More information

Site Selection and Preparation for Berry Crops. Touria Eaton, Ph.D. State Extension Specialist Lincoln University of Missouri

Site Selection and Preparation for Berry Crops. Touria Eaton, Ph.D. State Extension Specialist Lincoln University of Missouri Site Selection and Preparation for Berry Crops Touria Eaton, Ph.D. State Extension Specialist Lincoln University of Missouri eatont@lincolnu.edu Common Berry Crops Brambles Strawberries Blueberries Specialty

More information

Apply approx 50-65g per square metre. Available in pack sizes: 1kg, 2kg and 5kg. Apply 100g per square metre, each spring. Water in well.

Apply approx 50-65g per square metre. Available in pack sizes: 1kg, 2kg and 5kg. Apply 100g per square metre, each spring. Water in well. FERTILISERS All Purpose Slow Release This is a balanced all round fertiliser with elements which can be used before, during and after planting, and helps with plant growth. Ideal for all chloride-sensitive

More information

Waking Up Your Sleepy Lawn. Joe Clark Rutgers Plant Biology Pathology Dept. Research Farm Supervisor

Waking Up Your Sleepy Lawn. Joe Clark Rutgers Plant Biology Pathology Dept. Research Farm Supervisor Waking Up Your Sleepy Lawn Joe Clark Rutgers Plant Biology Pathology Dept. Research Farm Supervisor Contents Soil testing time Interpreting test results Planning before you start Fertilizer law Choosing

More information

Making Turf The Best It Can Be; Good Nutrition and Good Environment. Marty Petrovic, Ph.D. Section of Horticulture Cornell University

Making Turf The Best It Can Be; Good Nutrition and Good Environment. Marty Petrovic, Ph.D. Section of Horticulture Cornell University Making Turf The Best It Can Be; Good Nutrition and Good Environment Marty Petrovic, Ph.D. Section of Horticulture Cornell University How do you measure a fertilizer response in a turf setting? How do you

More information

STOLLER ENTERPRISES, INC. World leader in crop nutrition Potato Production Challenge - Page 1 of 9

STOLLER ENTERPRISES, INC. World leader in crop nutrition Potato Production Challenge - Page 1 of 9 Potato Production Challenge - Page 1 of 9 Potato Production Challenge 1. Seed Piece A high quality seed piece will have fewer stems two to three. The stem will have more vigor and less disease. The quality

More information

Soils: Components and basic chemistry

Soils: Components and basic chemistry Soils: Components and basic chemistry Justin Scheiner, Ph.D. Assistant Professor and Extension Viticulture Specialist Components of Soil 25% Water: atmosphere & soil reactions Minerals: decomposition of

More information

Types of Fertilizers. Complete Incomplete Organic Inorganic Soluble Insoluble

Types of Fertilizers. Complete Incomplete Organic Inorganic Soluble Insoluble Fertilizers Group Questions Case Study 1: Your grandmother wants to build a small garden in her backyard. She lives near a city and does not have a large budget for this. Should she use an organic or inorganic

More information

Organic Fertilizers. Disadvantages. Advantages

Organic Fertilizers. Disadvantages. Advantages Organic Fertilizers Disadvantages Bulky and require large amounts of storage space Low nutrient content Difficult to quantify Generally slow to release Difficult to uniformly apply Applied only to the

More information

Fertigation. There are four fundamental components for success with fertigation: 1) Do not irrigate longer than 1 hour at a time.

Fertigation. There are four fundamental components for success with fertigation: 1) Do not irrigate longer than 1 hour at a time. Cont i nuedbel ow. Fertigation Fertigation is the process by which fertilizers are applied through the irrigation system. This practice relies on two different types of fertilizer: ready to use liquid

More information

REVIEW OF AVOCADO FERTILIZER PRACTICES IN SAN DIEGO COUNTY

REVIEW OF AVOCADO FERTILIZER PRACTICES IN SAN DIEGO COUNTY California Avocado Society 1979 Yearbook 63: 50-57 REVIEW OF AVOCADO FERTILIZER PRACTICES IN SAN DIEGO COUNTY C. Don Gustafson Farm Advisor, Cooperative Extension Service. University of California. San

More information

HORTSCIENCE 51(1):

HORTSCIENCE 51(1): HORTSCIENCE 51(1):51 66. 2016. Management, Training, and Irrigation Practices for Organic Production of Trailing Blackberry: III. Accumulation and Removal of Aboveground Biomass, Carbon, and Nutrients

More information

Fertilizing Grass for Hay and Pasture

Fertilizing Grass for Hay and Pasture December 05 Agdex 127/541-1 Fertilizing Grass for Hay and Pasture An important part of efficient livestock production is ensuring there is sufficient grass for both hay and pasture. However, low soil nutrient

More information

How to Fertilize Smart

How to Fertilize Smart Fertilize Appropriately How to Fertilize Smart At the most basic level, fertilizers feed plants, helping them to grow better. Did you know that you can choose fertilizers that can direct your plants growth

More information

FLORICULTURE CDE. Identifying and Controlling Plant Disorders

FLORICULTURE CDE. Identifying and Controlling Plant Disorders FLORICULTURE CDE Identifying and Controlling Plant Disorders Nutritional and Environmental Disorders Poor soil drainage Problem: Garden soil may appear ideal for potting indoor plants but actually causes

More information

Soil: We Can t Grow without it!

Soil: We Can t Grow without it! Outline Soil: We Can t Grow without it! Clay Robinson PhD, CPSS, CCA Associate Professor of Soils Illinois State University Which nutrients do plants need? Fertilizers: Which and how much? Nutrients and

More information

The goal of cranberry fertilization, as for any

The goal of cranberry fertilization, as for any Cranberries (South Coastal Oregon) A. Poole, J. Hart, T. Righetti, and B. Strik The goal of cranberry fertilization, as for any high-value crop, is to remove limitations to yield and quality by supplying

More information

Soils. Nutrients needed by plants 10/21/2013. Consists of a series of layers called. Soils consists of: Topsoil (A horizon) upper most layer

Soils. Nutrients needed by plants 10/21/2013. Consists of a series of layers called. Soils consists of: Topsoil (A horizon) upper most layer Soils Consists of a series of layers called Topsoil (A horizon) upper most layer Soils consists of: Mineral particles determine soil texture Organic matter Air and Soil organisms Nutrients needed by plants

More information

Inherent Factors Affecting Soil ph. Soil ph Management

Inherent Factors Affecting Soil ph. Soil ph Management Soil ph is a measure of soil acidity or alkalinity. It is an important indicator of soil health. It affects crop yields, crop suitability, plant nutrient availability, and soil micro-organism activity,

More information

Blackberry Basics and Site Selection. Eric T. Stafne, Ph.D. Assistant Professor and Extension Fruit Specialist Oklahoma State University

Blackberry Basics and Site Selection. Eric T. Stafne, Ph.D. Assistant Professor and Extension Fruit Specialist Oklahoma State University Blackberry Basics and Site Selection Eric T. Stafne, Ph.D. Assistant Professor and Extension Fruit Specialist klahoma State University Blackberries Perennial root Biennial canes Good longevity Annual pruning

More information

Potassium Thiosulfate Fertilizer

Potassium Thiosulfate Fertilizer APPLICATION GUIDE THE ORIGINAL Potassium Thiosulfate Fertilizer 0-0-25 with 17%S GUARANTEED ANALYSIS Soluble Potash (K 2 O) 25% Total Sulfur (S) 17% 17% Combined Sulfur Derived from potassium thiosulfate.

More information

GROW & GROWTH. Products BROCHURE. Keeping together is Progress Working together is Success EVERGROW FOR SPECIALITY FERTILIZERS

GROW & GROWTH. Products BROCHURE. Keeping together is Progress Working together is Success EVERGROW FOR SPECIALITY FERTILIZERS Keeping together is Progress Working together is Success Products BROCHURE B 93 - Street 15 - Smart Village Km 28 Cairo - Alex desert road - Egypt Tel.: 02 353 710 91/92/93 - Fax: 02 353 710 89 El Sadat

More information