Băla Maria 1, Toţa Cristina Elena, 1 Berar C. 1, Silivăşan M. 1. Results and Discussions. Material and Method

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1 Volume 16(1), 47-51, 2012 JOURNAL of Horticulture, Forestry and Biotechnology Research on the behavior of some Rose cultivars belonging to Thea hybrida and Polyantha group, regarding the propagation through cuttings on different soil substratum at the Didactic Base of the Discipline of Floriculture Băla Maria 1, Toţa Cristina Elena, 1 Berar C. 1, Silivăşan M. 1 1 Banat s Univesity of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Timisoara, Faculty of Horticulture and Forestry Corresponding address. mariabalamonicabala@yahoo.com Abstract The uncontestalbe beauty of plants, but mostly of flowers, go often in a tight brace with their perfume, which is varied in composition and intensity. This has went to the diverse use of species and cultivars and has taken to the apparition of a great industry of producing the seedling material, to which the cultivation of Roses has always meant an important income source of those who are busy with it s cultivation. In the present paper we have followed the rooting procentage of the Rose cuttings that were provided by the nine cultivars taken into research, on different rooting substratum: Casanova cv., Chrysler Imperial cv., Dame de Coeur cv., Gaumo cv., Kimono cv., Kronenburg cv., Mr. Lincoln cv., Sterling cv., Sultane cv. The treatment of the results was done by using the current statistic methods, showing the rooting capacity of the biological matherial used in the experiments. Key words cultivars, Roses, cuttings, substratum, rooting Rose is by far the oldest and most known ornamental, which today doesn t miss from our gardens. There are over 200 known species and cultivars, cultivated nowadays. By their way of being used, they can be cultivated in gardens, parks, mass production of cut-flowers, pots, protection curtains, alternative medicine, food science, drug science, etc. Because of their diverse use, a great industry of producing seeding material has developed all over the world, becoming an important income source. Material and Method The biological material used in the research has been consisted of cuttings, provided by nine big and medium Rose cultivars: Casanova, Chrysler Imperial, Dame De Coeur, Gaumo, Kimono, Kronenburg, Mr. Lincoln, Sterling, Sultane. In order to the results to be more accurate on their rooting capacity, the research has been made on 15 cuttings for each variant/cultivar, these being harvested in summer after the flowers have withered. Before placing them in the rooting substratum, the cuttings have been trimmed by keeping only the middle part of the stem and treating their base with a rooting product Radistim. For each experimental variant the average of the experience has been done, being compared to the control. The results have been statisticly treated bu using the variance analysis. Results and Discussions on sand substratum The best results regarding the rooting of the Rose cuttings on the control substratum (Table 1) have been noticed on Casanova cv., Chrysler Imperial cv. and Kronenburg cv., all being very significant positive to the average. Kimono cv. and Sultane cv., have shown very negative significance to the average. 47

2 The rooting of the Rose cuttings on sand substratum in 2011 Table 1 Nr. Cultivar V1 V2 V3 Average % Difference Significance 1 CASANOVA 12,55 11,6 12,05 12,07 123,51 2,3 xxx 2 CHRYSLER 11,15 10,85 10,6 10,87 111,22 1,1 xxx 3 DAME DE COEUR 10,2 10,95 10,55 10,57 108,15 0,8 xx 4 GAUMO 10,05 9,45 9,7 9,73 99,62-0,04-5 KIMONO 7,55 8,2 7,9 7,88 80,69-1, KRONENBURG 11,15 10,6 10,75 10,83 110,88 1,06 xxx 7 MR. LINCOLN 8,65 9,15 8,95 8,92 91,27-0, STERLING 9,05 9,45 9,15 9,22 94,34-0, SULTANE 7,6 8,15 7,85 7,87 80,52-1,9 000 Average 9,77 9,82 9,72 9, DL 5% - 0,54 0,74 1 on perlite substratum The rooting percentage of Rose cuttings on perlite (Table 2) has given the best results for Casanova cv, Gaumo cv., and Kronenburg cv., all being very significant positive to the average. By comparing the values of the rooting on perlite with the values of rooting on sand, it can be noticed that these have been higher for most of the researched cultivars, except for Kimono cv. and Sultane cv., these showing very negative significance and distinct negative significance to the control. The rooting of the Rose cuttings on perlite substratum in 2011 Table 2 Nr. Cultivar V1 V2 V3 Average To the average of the experience To the control % Diff. Signif. % Diff. Signif. 1 CASANOVA 12,25 11,7 11,9 11,95 111,65 1,25 xxx 122,31 2,18 xxx 2 CHRYSLER 10,4 10,65 10,25 10,43 97,48-0,27-106,79 0,66 xx 3 DAME DE COEUR 11,1 10,85 11,4 11,12 103,86 0,41 x 113,78 1,35 xxx 4 GAUMO 11,8 11,55 11,95 11,77 109,93 1,06 xxx 120,44 2 xxx 5 KIMONO 8,35 8,15 8,5 8,33 77,86-2, ,3-1, KRONENBURG 12,05 12,55 12,3 12,3 114,92 1,6 xxx 125,9 2,53 xxx 7 MR. LINCOLN 11,05 10,7 10,95 10,9 101,84 0,2-111,57 1,13 xxx 8 STERLING 9,9 10,6 10,35 10,28 96,08-0, ,25 0,51 x 9 SULTANE 9,2 9,45 9,05 9,23 86,27-1, ,51-0,54 00 Average 10,68 10,69 10,74 10, DL 5%- 0,41 0,57 0,77 DL 5% - 0,41 0,56 0,77 on peat substratum According to the results (Table 3) the best rooting percentage was given by Casanova cv. and Kronenburg cv., both being very positive significant to the average of the experience, while Dame de Coeur cv. has been significant positive to the same comparison index. Kimono cv. and Sultane cv. have shown very negative significance differences to the average of the experience. In comparison to the rooting of the cuttings on the control substrate, the cultivars have registered superior values on peat. 48

3 The rooting of the Rose cuttings on peat substratum in 2011 Table 3 % Difference. Significance % Difference Significance 1 CASANOVA 12,8 13,35 13,15 13,1 113,88 1,6 xxx 134,08 3,33 xxx 2 CHRYSLER 10,85 11,05 10,7 10,87 94,47-0,64-111,22 1,1 xx 3 DAME DE 12,5 12,1 12,45 12,35 107,36 0,85 x 126,41 2,85 xxx COEUR 4 GAUMO 10,75 10,5 10,9 10,72 93,16-0, ,69 0,95 xx 5 KIMONO 9,35 10,05 9,6 9,67 84,03-1, ,94-0,1-6 KRONENBURG 13,4 12,95 13,25 13,2 114,75 1,7 xxx 135,11 3,43 xxx 7 MR. LINCOLN 11,55 12,25 11,7 11,83 102,87 0,33-121,12 2,06 xxx 8 STERLING 11 11,3 12,85 11,72 101,85 0,21-119,92 1,95 xxx 9 SULTANE 9,6 10,4 10,25 10,08 87,66-1, ,21 0,31 - Average 11,31 11,55 11,65 11, DL 5%- 0,69 0,94 1,28 DL 5% - 0,68 0,93 1,26 Resuls regarding the rooting of the Rose cuttings on peat with sand substratum By analizing the experimental data exposed in table 4 we conclude the following: Cultivars Casanova, Kronenburg and Mr. Lincoln had the best rooting percentage on this substratum, being very significant positive to the average of the experience; Gaumo cv. has been distinct significant positive to the average of the experience and Dame de Coeur cv. significant positive; Very significant negative diferences to the average of the exprience have been noticed to cultivars Kimono, Sterling and Sultane; Cultivars Casanova, Dame de Coeur, Gaumo, Kronenburg and Mr. Lincoln have shown very positive significance to the control, while Sterling cv. and Sultane were very significant negative to the same comparision index. Table 4 The rooting of the Rose cuttings on peat with sand substratum in 2011 % Difference Significance % Difference Significance 1 CASANOVA 12,7 12,55 12,3 12,52 114,24 1,56 xxx 128,11 2,75 xxx 2 CHRYSLER 10,1 9,6 10,35 10,02 91,42-0, ,52 0,25-3 DAME DE COEUR 11,7 11,2 12,05 11,65 106,33 0,69 x 119,24 1,88 xxx 4 GAUMO 11,8 12,15 11,7 11,88 108,46 0,93 xx 121,63 2,11 xxx 5 KIMONO 9,9 10,2 9,65 9,92 90,51-1, ,5 0,15-6 KRONENBURG 12,9 12,55 13,2 12,88 117,58 1,93 xxx 131,87 3,11 xxx 7 MR. LINCOLN 12,7 13,05 12,2 12,65 115,45 1,69 xxx 129,48 2,88 xxx 8 STERLING 8,45 8,6 8,3 8,45 77,12-2, ,49-1, SULTANE 8,8 8,4 8,7 8,63 78,8-2, ,37-1, Average 11,01 10,92 10,94 10, DL 5%- 0,52 0,72 0,98 DL 5% - 0,52 0,72 0,98 on peat with perlite substratum Regarding the rooting of the Rose cuttings in peat and perlite substratum in 2011, according to the results exposed in Table 5, it can be demonstrated that cultivars Casanova, Dame de Coeur and Kronenburg have been very significant positive to the average of the experience, and Sterling cv. and Sultane cv. are very significant negative to the same index. In comparison to the results given by the rooting on the control substrate, cultivars Casanova, Chrysler Imperial, Dame de Coeur, Kimono and Kronenburg had very significant positive differences. 49

4 Table 5 The rooting of the Rose cuttings on peat with perlite substratum in 2011 (Sand substratul) % Diference Significance % Difference Significance 1 CASANOVA 12,15 11,75 11,47 11,78 111,83 1,25 xxx 120,61 2,01 xxx 2 CHRYSLER 11,55 11,2 11,05 11,27 106,93 0,73 xx 115,32 1,5 xxx 3 DAME DE COEUR 12,05 11,8 12, ,89 1,46 xxx 122,82 2,23 xxx 4 GAUMO 10,35 9,95 10,1 10,13 96,17-0,4-103,72 0,36-5 KIMONO 10,55 10,4 10,85 10,6 100,6 0,06-108,5 0,83 xxx 6 KRONENBURG 12, ,8 11,92 113,1 1,38 xxx 121,97 2,15 xxx 7 MR. LINCOLN 10,2 9,8 10,35 10,12 96,01-0,42-103,55 0,35-8 STERLING 9,3 8,85 9,45 9,2 87,31-1, ,17-0, SULTANE 9 9,55 9,35 9,3 88,26-1, ,19-0,47 0 Average 10,84 10,54 10,23 10, DL 5%- 0,44 0,6 0,82 DL 5% - 0,45 0,62 0,85 on sand with perlite substratum By analyzing the data exposed in Table 6, it can be observed that the best percentage of rooting on sand with perlite substratum has been noticed by cultivars Casanova and Dame de Coeur, these showing very positive significance to the average of the experience. All the researched cultivars had greater results of rooting on sand with perlite substratum as compared to the control. The rooting of the Rose cuttings on sand with perlite substratum in 2011 Table 6 % Difference Significance % Difference Significance 1 CASANOVA 12,2 12,25 12,05 12,17 109,09 1,01 xxx 124,53 2,4 xxx 2 CHRYSLER 11,55 11,35 11,7 11,53 103,41 0,38-118,05 1,76 xxx 3 DAME DE COEUR 12,15 12,4 12,7 12,42 111,33 1,26 xxx 127,09 2,65 xxx 4 GAUMO 9,7 10,5 10,75 10,32 92,5-0, ,6 0,55 x 5 KIMONO 10,85 10,55 10,95 10,78 96,68-0,37-110,37 1,01 xx 6 KRONENBURG 10,5 11,25 10,85 10,87 97,43-0,29-111,22 1,1 xxx 7 MR. LINCOLN 11,6 10,55 11,15 11,1 99,52-0,05-113,61 1,33 xxx 8 STERLING 10,3 10,05 9,95 10,1 90,56-1, ,38 0,33-9 SULTANE 11,1 10,8 11,35 11,08 99,37-0,07-113,44 1,31 xxx Average 11,11 11,08 11,27 11, DL 5%- 0,55 0,75 1,02 DL 5% - 0,54 0,74 1,01 Conclusions Following the research done in 2011 on the rooting of the nine Rose cultivars on different substratum, we can conclude and recommend: Of all the researched cultivars, it can be deliberate to observe that Casanova cv. and Dame de Coeur cv. were superior to the other cultivars on their rooting capacity; Cultivars Kimono and Sultane have shown very negative significance of rooting on 4 substrates: sand, perlite, peat and peat with sand; In order to have a greater percentage of rooted cuttings, we recommend to use a mix of peat and sand as in the current experiment has given the best results; Even if the rooting is delayed we also recommend to take into observation cultivars Kronenburg for it s pleasant scented flowers and Sterling for it s violet colored flowers, which is a rarity for Roses. Bibliography 1.Băla Maria, 2007 General and special floriculture, Ed. De Vest, Timişoara, pg Brikell Christopher, Grande Encyclopedie des Plantes &Fleurs De Jardin, Lorousse Bordas, pg Charles&Brigid Quest-Ritson, Encyclopedia of Roses, Ed. Dorling Kindersley, London, pg. 8-15, 94, , 218, 220, Grant William A., Botanica s Roses, Ed. Laurel Glen, Hong Kong, pg

5 5.Iordănescu Olimpa Alina, General floriculture, Ed. Agroprint, Timişoara, pg Pereire Anita, Fleurs et Jardins, Ed. Hachette, pg Şelaru Elena, 2002 The cultivation of cut-flower species, Ed. Ceres, Bucureşti, pg Vermeulen Nico, The complet encyclopedia of roses, Ed. Rebo Publishers, pg.101, Wagner Ştefan, 2002 Rose, from myth to the third millennium, Ed. Echard & Co, Cluj-Napoca, pg. 1-10, Wagner Ştefan, 2010 Roses with perfume, Ed. Napoca Star, Cluj-Napoca, pg. 13,